Kev ua lag luam tus nqi

Cov nqi raws lag luam (nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation cai them se) - tus nqi ntawm cov khoom, uas tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub dawb sis ntawm kev ua lag luam mov thiab thov zoo sib xws los zoo tib yam khoom nyob rau hauv ib tug kev lag kev luam piv tej yam kev mob.

Kev ua lag luam tus nqi yog txiav txim nyob rau hauv raws li cov Tax Code ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation. Thaum nws tsim lees paub hwm los yog luv nqi los ntawm txoj kev poob ntawm merchantability los yog lwm yam neeg cov yam ntxwv, raws caij nyoog hloov mus hloov los nyob rau hauv coob, marketing txoj cai, lub hnub tas sij hawm, qhov kev siv ntawm kuaj los yog kuaj cov qauv ntawm cov khoom, thiab lwm yam

Thaum txiav txim txog cov nqi nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam tej yam kev mob noj mus rau hauv tus account muas ntawm cov neeg uas tsis interdependent. Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm tus nqi muaj feem xyuam rau txog neeg raug kaw ua ntej muas ntawm tib cov khoom (npaum li cas mus rau hauv tus account qhov ntim ntawm lub tauj khoom, tus me nyuam cov ntsiab lus, kev them nyiaj nqe lus, thiab lwm yam uas yuav cuam tshuam qhov kev nce los yog txo nyob rau hauv tus nqi.

Muaj nuj nqi ntawm kev ua lag luam tus nqi:

• xyuas kom paub tebchaws (muab cov lus qhia txog cov pab pawg neeg ntawm cov khoom);
• tis (tshuav nyiaj li cas nyiaj khwv tau los koom ntawm lub kev khwv nyiaj txiag);
• stimulating (muaj txhawb rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ntau npaum txoj kev ntau lawm thiab muag khoom los ntawm cov khoom).

Cov nqi raws lag luam yog tsim nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm:

1. nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm instantaneous equilibrium, tus nqi nyob nyuaj rau kev thov;
2. nyob rau hauv ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm equilibrium, qhov twg thov tau arbitrarily yuav hloov nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia;
3. nyob rau hauv ib tug ntev-khiav equilibrium thaum mov adjusts rau demand, nrog rau cov tshwm sim hais tias tus equilibrium nqi lag luam muaj.

Yog hais tias kev ua lag luam muaj ib qhov teeb meem nyob qhov twg mov yog tsawg tshaj li kev thov rau cov khoom, cov nyiaj tsawg los ntawm nws. Txwv tsis pub, muaj ib tug dhau heev lawm ntawm lub lag luam los ntawm cov khoom (a consequence of overproduction). Balanced (equilibrium) nqi tso cai rau koj mus kho tus nqi ntawm cov khoom rau lub lag luam thiab ua tau lub siab tshaj plaws profitability ntawm nyiaj txiag kev ua si.

Kev ua lag luam tus nqi yog analyzed los ntawm muab piv muas ntawm lwm yam kev thiab tsis txheeb ze cov neeg. Ib tug sib piv xwb piv muas yuav tsum tau ua (ua phem rau tib lub nyiaj txiag thiab coj mus muag tej yam kev mob).

Kev ua lag luam tus nqi yuav tshwm sim tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub lag luam uas muaj zoo meej kev sib tw. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm monopoly ntawm ib tug neeg sellers, nqe kev ntxub ntxaug.

Cov tsim ntawm xws li ib tug nqi feem xyuam rau ntau yam (sab nraud thiab sab hauv mus rau lub chaw tsim tshuaj paus ntawm cov khoom).

Nyob rau hauv ib lub lag luam tus nqi muaj saum toj no tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv tus ntawm uas twb muaj lawm mov thiab kev thov rau npas. Thov - yog kev txhawb los ntawm cov nyiaj txiag muaj peev xwm ua ntawm tus neeg muaj siab mus yuav khoom. Qhov ntau cov khoom mus txog rau lub lag luam, lub sab tus nqi yog muab rau lawv.

Kev - yog tus nqi ntawm cov khoom uas sellers txaus siab kom muaj lub buyer nyob rau hauv tej yam tej yam kev mob. Yog hais tias muaj yog ib tug txo nyob rau hauv coob vim lub nce nyob rau hauv tus nqi, lub tswv yim, on qhov tsis tooj, muaj zog, uas qhia tau hais tias lub inconsistency ntawm kev txaus siab nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm cov khoom sellers thiab buyers. Piv txwv li, tus nqi lag luam ntawm ib tug daim ntawv cog lus (as opposed to nominal) yog muab tsuas nyob rau hauv tus ntawm kev thov.

Ib tug feature ntawm cov dawb ua lag luam yog tias nyob rau ib theem ntawm ntau lawm proposals nws sib zog rau nqi koj tshuav. Thaum ncav xov xwm ntawm mov thiab thov nthawv tawm ua lag luam (fair) nqi. Tab sis qhov nqi koj tshuav yog tsis zoo li qub, nws hloov nyob rau hauv tus ntawm ntau yam.

Cov theem ntawm kev ua lag luam tus nqi muaj feem xyuam rau lub elasticity - ib tug qhia ntawm cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv kev thov rau cov khoom, uas tshwm sim thaum koj hloov tus nqi. Ib yam nkaus tseem ceeb yog cov kev sib tw, yuam manufacturers hloov tus nqi rau cov khoom uas muaj los ntawm lawv. Ua rau cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv nqe thiab muaj peev xwm ntawm cov neeg coj tus cwj pwm (cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm tub lag luam ntawm txawv theem nyob rau hauv lub uas twb muaj lawm kev ua lag luam tus nqi). Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd hu ua, koj yuav tsum nqa mus rau hauv tus account xws li ib tug tseem ceeb tshaj, raws li cov xeev kev cai ntawm cov nqi.