Kazan hmoov cog: Keeb Kwm ntawm Kev Kawm Ntawv

FKP "Kazan Powder Plant" - yog ib lub lag luam loj OPK, tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv qhuav ntawm cov qhoos kas, tsub, pyrotechnic khoom thiab lwm yam khoom. Rau 228-xyoo-laus keeb kwm, lab lab tons ntawm explosives rau ntau lub hom phiaj tau tso tawm ntawm no.

Foundation ntawm lub tuam txhab

Nrog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov av sab hnub tuaj hauv Lavxias teb sab, nws ua tsim nyog los tsim kom muaj cov hmoov cog kom ze rau cov neeg tau txais kev pab: explorers, cov tub luam, thiab cov neeg ua hauj lwm tsuas. Lub chaw rau kev tsim kho tau raug xaiv los ntawm Kazan, uas yog nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov dej thiab txoj kev tsheb. Raws li lub Kama, mos txwv mus rau Urals, ces mus rau Siberia, thiab nrog rau Volga mus rau Caucasus thiab Kha-ves.

Lub Kazan hmoov cog khwv tau hauv xyoo 1788. Xav tias qhov teeb meem ntawm hluav taws kub ntawm lub tuam txhab, nws tau pib tso haujlwm los ua hauj lwm rau nws rau cov neeg muaj lub luag hauj lwm thiab muaj peev xwm tswj tau mos txwv: tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm. Tom qab ntawd, lub tsev kawm ntawv tshwj xeeb raug tsim, uas cov me nyuam ntawm cov tub rog tau qhia txog cov khoom tsim kev puas tsuaj. Nyob ib ncig ntawm lub khws tau tsim lub Hmoov Pob Zeb, cov neeg ua haujlwm tau muab faib rau cov vaj tse.

Txhawb ntawm Leej Txiv

Lub Kazan hmoov cog twb loaded nrog ua hauj lwm thaum lub sij hawm tub rog tsis sib haum, uas yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm. Cov kev tsov kev rog nrog Sweden, Qaib Cov Txwv, Napoleon, cov European campaigns demanded nce ntawm tsim tau. Qhov no yog tau los ntawm kev nthuav dav zuj zus. Lub lag luam loj hlob, lub khw tshiab tau qhib, thiab lub tsheb nqaj hlau kuj tau coj tuaj rau tsob nroj yav tom ntej. Thaum thawj 100 xyoo ntawm kev lag luam, cov nroj tsuag ua 2 lab poods ntawm gunpowder.

Los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm XIX xyoo pua, cov nyom tau siv ntau qhov kev hloov khoom dua tshiab thiab tsim kom muaj cov pyroxylin uas tsis haus cov hmoov av. Ib xyoos twg lub tuam txhab ua cov khoom tsim tawm rau lub sij hawm ntawd - txog li ntawm 500,000 poods.

Lub rooj sib tham hauv lub teb chaws

Tom qab kev chaos ntawm Civil War, lub tuam txhab maj mam tau txais zog. Lub tshuab ua ub no nyob rau xyoo 1930 tau muab rau kev tsim kho ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev ua haujlwm. Lub ntiaj teb thib ob Kazan hmoov cog tau ntsib tag nrho armed. Muas txwv tsis pub tu ncua. Hnub thiab hmo ntuj, tsis muaj hnub so cov neeg ua haujlwm tso tawm cov khoom tsim nyog thiab cov nqi. Cov txiv neej feem ntau tau tiv thaiv lawv lub teb chaws, cov poj niam thiab cov hluas tau sawv ntawm cov cav tov.

Tsov rog tsom tias cov tub rog xav tau ntau dua txaj muag. Rau kev tsim cov khoom tshiab, engineers los ntawm Special Technical Bureau No. 40 coj ib feem. Lawv tau tsim cov qauv ntawm "revolutionary" explosives nrog cov yeeb yam rau lub sijhawm ntawd. Lub artillerymen qhuas cov zauv ntawm cov bullpen rau nws cov teeb meem-tsis ua hauj lwm thiab lub siab tshaj plaws zoo. Tshwj xeeb kev txaus qhuas ntawm Hoobkas ua haujlwm tau them rau "Katyusha".

Lub sijhawm tshiab tshaj plaws

Nyob rau hauv 90th lub tuam txhab muag cov tsis muaj kev thov rau cov khoom. Cov kev ntxhov siab nyob rau hauv kev tswj tau ua rau kev hem thawj ntawm kev puas tsuaj. Nyob rau xyoo 2002, tsoomfwv tau txiav txim siab los tsim khoom ntau ntxiv. Nws lub npe tam sim no lub npe Kazan State Hmoov Hmoo pom nyob rau hauv 2002 tom qab lub koom haum loj-loj. Xyoo 2003, tau muab nyiaj ntau dua 50-lab, uas tau them rov qab cov nuj nqi thiab rov qab muab cov mos txwv rov qab. Niaj hnub no, lub bullpen yog ib lub hom phiaj uas tseem ceeb hauv tsoomfwv tswv cuab.

Cov teeb meem thaum muaj xwm ceev

Ob puas xyoo dhau los, muaj ntau yam khoom tawg tau tshwm sim ntau tshaj ib zaug. Cov keebkwm kev paub txog qhov hluav taws kub, uas coj mus rau qhov loj ntawm cov mos txwv nyob rau hauv 1830 thiab 1884.

Thaum lub Yim Hli 14, 1917, muaj kev puas tsuaj tshwm sim - vim yog qhov tiv thaiv, lub Kazan Cov Hmoov Tshuaj cog lus cia tawm. Director Lieutenant-General Luknitsky, yuav luag tag nrho cov thawj coj, ntau pua tus neeg ua haujlwm cov neeg ua hauj lwm, kaum ob ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv cov hmoov Sloboda tuag lawm. Tau muab 10,000 phom tshuab tua, tsheej plhom tus qauv npaj ua. Kuv yuav tsum pib siv cov khoom los ntawm kos.

Lub Peb Hlis 24, 2017, hauv Tsa Khwm 3 tau ntes tus nplua nuj uas ntshai cov pej xeem ntawm Kazan. Lub nplaim taws thiab taws haus luam yeeb tau pom los ntawm txhua qhov ntawm lub nroog. Cov neeg tuag.

Cuab Yeej Siv

Lub Puag Fab Kis (Kazan) tau tso rau hauv cov npe ntawm cov chaw ua haujlwm tiv thaiv kev lag luam, qhov chaw uas nws tau npaj yuav rov hloov khoom siv los ntawm 2020. Lub sij hawm dhau los muaj kev txua hluav taws xob loj heev ntawm lub bullpen tau 30 xyoo dhau los. Tus Thawj Coj Khalil Giniyatov hais tias los ntawm 2020 nws yuav yog ib lub caij tshiab, high-tech, kev nyab xeeb cog rau cov khoom muaj zog.

Ntawm ntau qhov chaw, cov tshuab kaw lus tau hloov los ntawm ntau ntau thiab ntau pua tus neeg ua haujlwm. Piv txwv li, ib tug txheej tshiab ntawm ceg nitration ntawm lwm yam uas lub lag luam ntawm ob peb tseem ceeb Cheebtsam: ib tug rauj zeb (pulverizer cellulose), ntxoov neeg saib xyuas thiab cov acid-hauv qab 20 ntawm lub reactor. Yav tas los, txhua yam kev ua haujlwm raug coj los ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Niaj hnub no, ib tug neeg khiav dej num hauv kev nyab xeeb tag nrho saib tag nrho cov txheej txheem siv tshuab hauv computer tswj kev tswj hwm.

Ntau lawm

Lub Kazan hmoov cog yog nquag khiav hauj lwm nyob rau hauv domestic thiab txawv teb chaws kev lag luam. Ntawm no lawv tsim tau 100 tonnes ntawm rab phom txhua lub hlis. Ntau ntau tau nyiaj khwv tau los ntawm 2000 tus neeg.

Rau cov tub rog xav tau, lub bullpen tsim tawm:

• Gunpowder ntawm ntau hom;
• Xim thiab kua roj vanish ntau;
• Nitromastics;
• Lwm cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg rau lub koom haum ntawm kev tsim cov mos txwv.

Tsis tas li ntawd, lub bullpen siv cov khoom "thaj yeeb":

• Cov khoom tua tsiaj thiab cov kis las;
• Anodes-earthing keyboards rau cathodic tiv thaiv ntawm pipelines thiab underground hlau qauv.

Lub geography ntawm cov khoom xaib yog nws kim heev. Cov no yog cov kws muaj kev tiv thaiv thiab kev lag luam ntawm Russia (Yoshkar-Ola, Izhevsk, Sarapul, Votkinsk, Klimovsk, Sergi Posad, Lyubertsy, Khimki, Ekaterinburg, Severouralsk), Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Belarus, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Cyprus, Venezuela, India, Algeria, Uganda Thiab lwm lub teb chaws. Rau qhov kev tso tawm cov khoom zoo thiab khoom nyab xeeb rau tus neeg siv khoom noj, tus hmoov cog (Kazan) hauv xyoo 2012 tau txais qhov khoom plig siab tshaj plaws ntawm "Tus Thawj Coj Ua Zoo" kev sib tw los ntawm tsoom fwv ntawm Tuam Tshoj.