Iyiv mythology

Muaj ntau qhov chaw Iyiv mythology tuaj nrog me ntsis txawv, thiab lawv yuav tsis tau twb tsis siv systematic exposition. Yog li ntawd, historians tau pom cov feem ntau txhim khu kev qha qhov chaw, uas muab cov lus qhia txog cov mythology ntawm cov Iyi, lawv tau kom meej meej pom tau hais tias kev cai dab qhuas ntawv. Lawv yog cov extant tej lus thov thiab tej zaj nkauj rau tus gods, sau ntawv rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm tombs nyob qhov twg cov pam tuag kuj tau cog lus.

Ancient Egyptians yog heev rau lub realm ntawm qhov tuag rov los, ntseeg nyob rau hauv lub hav zoov ntawm ib tug afterlife, yog li cov neeg Iyiv mythology yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub cult ntawm lub ntiajteb sab hauv thiab cov neeg tuag. Qhov loj tshaj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas tso cai rau kom daws tau qhov paub tsis meej ntawm myths xwb ntawm tim lyiv teb chaws - yog tus hiob "Hauv Ntawv", muaj koob muaj npe pam tuag kuj, carved nyob rau hauv lub puab phab ntsa ntawm lub pharaohs pyramids teej tug mus rau V thiab VI Dynasty. Lub qhov chaw kuj yuav tau suav hais tias "sarcophagus ntawv" thiab "Phau Ntawv cov neeg tuag." Xeem yam cuav twb tso ua ke los ntawm thaum pib ntawm lub tshiab Kingdom lub sij hawm, thiab txog rau thaum xaus ntawm ancient Iyiv keeb kwm.

Ntev ua ntej lub rov tshwm sim ntawm cov chav kawm ntawv lub neej pib tsim Iyiv mythology, thawj cov ntsiab lus ntawm uas muaj feem rau VI - IV xyoo pua BC. Nyob rau hauv txhua txhua cheeb tsam ntawm lub neej yog lub cult ntawm lub gods, uas yog embodied nyob rau hauv lub saum ntuj ceeb tsheej lub cev, ntoo, pob zeb, tsiaj txhu, nab, noog, thiab lwm yam

Nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau overestimate qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub Egyptian myths xwb. Qhov no yog ib tug tshwj xeeb cov khoom uas tso cai rau kom kawm kev cai dab qhuas cov tswv yim uas muaj nyob rau hauv lub Ancient East, mus nqa tawm comparative yam ntxwv thiab xyuas cov ideology ntawm lub Greco-Roman ntiaj teb no. Nws muaj zoo kev pab thiab kom to taub lub keeb kwm ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb, rov tshwm sim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm lub Christian ntseeg.

Iyiv mythology, thaum ntxov nyob rau hauv nws cov inception raug raws li nyob rau ntawm lub cosmic gods, uas yog feem ntau muaj nqi nrog rau cov creation ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Raws li zaum, qhov loj pov thawj rau lub cosmological tswv yim nyob tom qab. Tus thawj versions ntawm lub ntiaj teb no nyob rau hauv lub ces uas twb muaj lawm haiv neeg ntawd lub teb chaws sab saum toj union ntawm Saum ntuj ceeb tsheej thiab lub ntiaj teb, los ntawm uas lub hnub yug. Qhov no yuav qhia rau peb cov neeg Iyiv mythology. Gods, personifying lub ntiaj teb no (Geb), lub ntuj (Txiv Ntseej) thiab lub hnub (Ra) yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov qhov chaw uas tau nqes los rau hauv peb hnub. Lawv piav thoob plaws hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm ancient tim lyiv teb chaws nyob rau hauv cov vaj lug kub, thiab lawv cov dluab yog nyob rau hauv ntau tombs ntawm pharaohs. Raws li cov kev ntseeg ntawm cov neeg Iyiv tus vajtswv poj niam ntawm lub ntuj txhua txhua tag kis sawv ntxov Txiv Ntseej muab yug mus rau Ra - lub hnub vajtswv, thiab txhua txhua hmo nws khiav nkaum nyob rau hauv nws lub tsev menyuam.

Qhov loj tshaj plaws kev cai dab qhuas chaw ntawm tim lyiv teb chaws (Heliopolis, Hermopolis thiab Memphis) tau nws tus kheej lub cev, uas muaj ib tug txawv version nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Txhua yam ntawm lawv tau nws tus kheej creator, thiab, thiaj li, lawv tus thawj coj Vaj tswv. Nws, nyob rau hauv lem, nws yog tus progenitor ntawm tag nrho cov gods nyob ib ncig ntawm nws.

Iyiv cai dab qhuas yog zuag qhia tag nrho tswvyim, raws li nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm lub hav zoov ntawm cov dej chaos nteg raus nyob rau hauv mus ib txhis uas tsaus ntuj nti preceded lub rov tshwm sim ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Lub rov tshwm sim ntawm lub teeb, nyob rau hauv lawv lub tswv yim, yog thaum pib ntawm lub qhov zis los ntawm lub chaos, tab sis nws yog tus embodiment ntawm lub hnub. Tej duab kos tau tshwm los ntawm tus taw tes ntawm view ntawm historians yog to taub, vim cov pej xeem ntawm tim lyiv teb chaws txhua txhua xyoo ua ib tug tim khawv rau cov Nile, thiab ces muaj yog ib tug poob ntawm cov dej. Rau lawv nws yog ib tug txhua xyoo ua los ntawm kev creation.

Yog hais tias peb tham txog xws li ib tug lub tswv yim raws li lub Egyptian mythology, lub gods sawv cev nyob rau hauv nws nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev. Ib tug mas qhov tseeb, nyob rau hauv kev phem ntawm lub cosmogonic dab neeg, ib tug me ntsis them rau cov creation ntawm tus txiv neej. Cov kev sau ntawv cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm lub teb chaws no yog yuav luag tsis muaj mention. Iyiv kev ntseeg qhia tias cov gods tsim lub ntiaj teb no rau tib neeg, thiab nws yug los txiv neej tshuav nqi rau Vajtswv. Cov pov thawj ntawm Heliopolis yog suav tias yog tus creator ntawm lub ntiaj teb no vajtswv Ra, paub nws nrog Atum nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm tus txiv neej thiab Khepri raws li ib tug scarab kab. Qhov no yog qhia los ntawm "Hauv Ntawv."