Island Shumshu: hauj lwm. Sib ntaus rau cov kob Shumshu

Ib zaug thaum ib lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv sab qab teb ntawm lub Kamchatka ceg av qab teb, nyob rau hauv lub qis nce mus txog ntawm lub Amur, Sakhalin thiab cov Kuril Islands Ainu nyob ancient cov neeg. Cov natives inhabited cov kob thiab Shumshu. Nyob rau hauv 1711, nyob rau hauv no feem ntau northerly ntawm lub Kuril Islands mus xyuas lub traveler nyob rau hauv Siberia Ivan Kozyrevsky. Detachment ntawm Cossacks, taws los ntawm nws thiab Danilo Antsyferova, tsaws nyob rau hauv Shumshu lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj kev loj hlob thiab ib tug xov tooj ntawm Lavxias teb sab accession mus rau lub Kuril Islands. Nyob rau hauv Honor Ivana Kozyrevskogo rau Shumshu npe bay thiab dhaus cape. Thiab nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm Antsyferova tom ntej no zaj lus qhia kob Paramushir, hu ua lub roob hluav taws, lub roob thiab lub dhaus Cape. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws lub npe twb muab rau ib tug ntawm cov 56 ntawm lub Kuril Islands.

ownerless kob

Nyob rau hauv 1787, 21 cov kob twb officially annexed lub Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws, nrog rau cov kob Shumshu. Chiv, lub teb chaws pib mus tshawb cov Lavxias teb sab. Thiab yog hais tias koj nco ntsoov, hais tias txawm nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm cov hais lus nyob rau hauv 1792. Hokkaido yog tsis Japanese chaw uas zoo heev, thiab cov Kuril Islands nyob rau hauv kev tsis muaj, nws yog heev nkag siab txaus siab nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ua lag ua luam neeg mus rau lub ua neeg ncajncees rau txhua tus neeg tsis muab kev koom tes rau tej thaj chaw. Tiam sis tag nrho cov Romanovs, pib nrog Catherine II, tsis qhia rau lub Far East yog tsis muaj paj laum, thiab qhov no yog paub tseeb hais tias los ntawm cov muag khoom ntawm Alaska.

Cov ntsiab lus uas thiab poob islands

Tom qab lub yeej ntawm Russia nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab-Japanese ua tsov ua rog ntawm 1904-1905, cov Kuril Islands thiab yav qab teb Sakhalin ncaim mus Nyiv, thiab tam sim no Sakhalin cheeb tsam yog muab faib ua ob qhov chaw. Nyob rau hauv 1945, lub US thiab UK tau tig mus rau tus Soviet Union nrog ib tug thov rau nws nkag mus rau hauv tsov rog tiv thaiv teb chaws Nyiv Pooj. USSR cog lus yuav ua rau nws raws nraim peb lub hlis tom qab nyob rau hauv pauv rau rov qab los ntawm South Sakhalin thiab cov Kuril Islands. Peb lub teb chaws tau khaws cia nws lo lus.

ua nto moo

Thiab ces lub keeb kwm arena los unremarkable Shumshu yav tas los sib cais los ntawm Kamchatka 1 Kuril Strait, uas nws dav ntawm no taw tes yog 11 kis lus mev. Los ntawm nyob sib ze Paramushiro Shumshu cais 2nd eponymous Strait, uas nws dav - tsuas yog 2 km deb.

Hauj lwm ntawm cov kob yuav pib nrog nws ntev. Nws ntev yog 30 km, dav - 20. Nws yog tus nqi qis tshaj ntawm tag nrho cov 56 Islands tuaj. Nws muaj ib tug me me npaum li cas ntawm cov dej tshiab lub cev, qhov loj tshaj plaws uas yuav tsum tau hu ua Big Lake. Pas dej thiab cov Majachnaja - ob dej ntws los ntawm nws cov chaw uas zoo heev, ib thaj tsam sib npaug zos rau 388 square meters. km. Qhov siab tshaj plaws taw tes ntawm cov kob ntawm lub nce mus 189 meters saum toj no hiav txwv theem, thiab nws yog hu ua Roob High. Tiaj thiab yooj yim Lavxias teb sab lub npe. Yuav ua li cas yog nws nto moo? Soviet troops tsaws lag luam nqa tawm no nyob rau hauv lub hlis ntawm lub yim hli ntuj.

Cov theem kawg ntawm lub Soviet-Japanese ua tsov ua rog

Nyob rau qhov no kob, thiaj tawg kawg sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II, nyob rau hauv uas tso tsheb hlau luam coj ib feem thiab nws yog ua siab phem heev. Sib ntaus hauv cov kob Shumshu nkag mus hauv lub Kuril tsaws lag luam, uas ntawd kub ntev li ntawm lub 18th cuaj hlis mus rau 1. Lub hom phiaj ntawm lub lag luam - lub capture ntawm lub Kuril Islands. Nws siv rog ntawm lub 2nd Far Eastern Pem hauv ntej, txib los ntawm General ntawm cov tub rog M. A. Purkaev thiab Pacific Fleet, taws los ntawm Admiral I. S. Yumashev. Nws twb tau nqa tawm ib tug zoo lag luam nyob rau hauv Manchuria, uas twb tag pov tseg , lub Kwantung Army. Sau kom tiav liberation ntawm South Sakhalin twb ib offensive nyob rau hauv hais tias kev coj. Cov kev kho tau tsim ib tug tsis tshua paaj tej yam kev mob rau kev zam los ntawm cov Kuril Islands Japanese.

Lub militarization ntawm cov Islands tuaj

Nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb kob ntawm Shumshu yog cov coob naval puag nyob rau hauv Nyiv Kataoka, uas xa cov Japanese warships mus ntes Pearl Harbor. Yog no thiab airfield runways uas tau raug fwm rau peb hnub, thiab txawm nyob rau hauv lub 90s ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo muaj tau tsaws departing los ntawm Elizovo (Kamchatka) dav hlau L-410 - 19-lub rooj ntxaib-engine aviamashiny rau lub zos airlines.

Soviet troops tso siab rau surprise nres, lub aim ntawm uas yog Shumshu kob - lub paub ntawm lawv, thiab lub tsev lag luam yog ib tug springboard rau ntxiv mastering Paramushiro, Onekotanom thiab lwm yam islands, txhua tus uas twb Japanese pab tub rog. Nws twb feeb meej mus rau 80 txhiab pab tub rog, ua 9 airfields uas yuav haum txog 600 aircraft.

unassailable fortress

Ncaj qha rau cov kob Shumshu yog tso tsheb hlau luam 60, 11 teej tug mus rau Panzer txee 100 implements, thiab txhiab Garrison suav 8.5. Txiv neej. Cov tag nrho cov kob yog ib tug hluas zoo fortified defensive system. Warehouses, tsev kho mob, lub hwj chim nroj tsuag thiab kev sib txuas lus chaw zov me nyuam tau faus rau ib lub tob ntawm 50-70 meters. Feem ntau ntawm cov phom twb zoo muab zais, thiab cov Soviet hais kom tsis muaj ib lub tswv yim hais txog nws, tab sis tseem muaj ntau ntau yam cuav khoom. Tsuas yog qhob bunkers rau cov kob ua tau 300 units, anti-plav tiv thaiv lug tau ua raws ntug dej hiav txwv rau 3-4 km dej.

Lub suddenness ntawm tus nres yog tsim nyog vim hais tias los ntawm lub sij hawm no lub Soviet Union tab sis tau mus txog ib daim ntawv cog nrog lub tebchaws United States nyob rau hauv tag nrho rov qab los ntawm lub Kuril Islands thiab yav qab teb Sakhalin, tab sis lub slightest ncua txhawb kev ua hauj lwm ntawm tej kob los ntawm American cov tub rog. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hais tias Hirohito, lub Japanese huab tais, tseem yim hli ntuj 15 kom cov tub rog los npaj rau kev swb feem ntau Americans. Lub suddenness ntawm tus nres, teem rau ntawm lub plawv los ntawm kev ua hauj lwm ntawm Soviet pab tub rog, nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, tsis txhaum, tsuas yog, dua, Soviet cov tub rog tua thaum lub sij hawm lub capture ntawm lub sab qaum teb kob.

Cov feem ntawm cov Soviet troops

Thaum lub tsaws, uas yog rau cua daj cua dub cov kob Shumshu, nws muaj yuav luag txhua yam uas muaj kev tiv thaiv cheeb tsam ntawm Kamchatka. Sheer pab pawg neeg muaj 8.3 txhiab. Tub rog cannons thiab mortars tau suav nyob rau hauv ib tug npaum li ntawm 118 units, lub teeb thiab hnyav tshuab phom twb txog 500 tej daim. Amphibious pab pawg neeg ntawm nws tus kheej tau raug muab faib mus rau hauv lub vanguard thiab ob pawg ntawm cov ntsiab rog. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, 64 ntawm lub nkoj thiab lub nkoj, uas muaj sweepers, kuv khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg, floating roj teeb, thauj cov hlab ntsha, saib xyuas tej nkoj nquam thiab ships, torpedo tej nkoj nquam thiab tsaws khoom siv tes ua, lawv twb mus pab txhawb cov nres. Qhov no armada twb tseem muab faib ua 4 qhov chaw - ib tug detachment ntawm artillery kev txhawb nqa, cov thauj pab pawg neeg amphibious detachments trawling thiab escort. Txhawb lub Soviet offensive mixed cua division ntawm 78 aircraft thiab 130-hli nqaum roj teeb nyob rau ntawm dhaus Cape Lopatka. Shumshu Island (nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia, qhia hauv qab no, yog kom meej meej pom) yog heev ze rau lub taw tes rau m. Duav.

Marines tiv thaiv tso tsheb hlau luam

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov tub rog twb tsis tau raug rho tawm haujlwm thiab tsis tau koom nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua, thiab cov rog ntawm lub thaj rau pem hauv ntej tsis tau khiav vim hais tias ntawm nruj kev ceev ntiag tug hauj lwm. Force yog tsis txaus, thiab cov thawj hnub ntawm lub nkoj s pab pawg neeg poob cuaj ships, thiab 8 tau raug mob. Cuaj kaum, ib tug ua ntej tog muaj 1.3 txhiab. Txiv neej, muaj peev xwm mus tsaws thiab kom txais tau ib foothold muaj. Ntawm 22 radios rau lub tsev txhab nyiaj tsuas yog ib. Muab nws neeg tsav nkoj GV Musorin mus nyob rau hauv cov dej, tuav lub precious cargo saum toj no lub hiav txwv nto. Nyob rau hauv kev, raws li ib txwm, lub Lavxias teb sab tub rog thiab cov neeg tsav nkoj pom txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm lub siab tawv - ob ntawm lawv pheej rov qab ua feat A. Matrosov. Ua tau, lub vanguard tsuas maj mam ua ntaj riam thaiv tiv thaiv cov Japanese tso tsheb hlau luam. Sturm Shumshu los ua ib tug decisive kev tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm lub tag nrho tsaws lag luam, ib tug raws point uas txiav txim tus decisive yeej ntawm lub Soviet pab tub rog, yog tus paub ntawm lub siab tshaj plaws taw tes ntawm cov kob - Roob High. Thiab Lavxias teb sab yeej.

Tau ntawm hauj lwm

Nyob rau lub yim hli ntuj 20th lub Soviet ships tau mus rau Kataoka txais lub swb, tab sis twb tau ntsib nrog hluav taws. Thaum peb mus tsaws Japanese hais kom txhua lub sij hawm pom zoo nyoo, tab sis rub tawm tsam tiag tiag kos npe. Lub yim hli ntuj 22 Fusako Tsutsumi, uas txib cov Japanese rog, coj tag nrho cov nqe lus ntawm kev swb, thiab tus neeg raug txim surrendered 20,000 Japanese tub rog: 12 - nyob rau hauv cov kob Shumshu thiab 8 - on Paramushir. Cia li nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb islands neeg raug txim surrendered 30 txhiab tus neeg.

Sad tau ntawm lub lag luam no tau ua casualties raug kev txom nyem los ntawm cov Soviet sab. 1567 cov neeg tau ploj mus lawm, cov uas raug tua - 416, uas ploj lawm (tej zaum poob rau) - 123 raug mob - 1028. Japanese kob garrison poob 1018 cov neeg tua tau 300.

peb kob

Yuav kom peb teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub kawg ntawm tsov rog tsiv kiag li tag nrho cov Kurile Islands tuaj, thiab lub rebuilt Sakhalin cheeb tsam coj lawv nyob rau hauv nws cov tswv cuab. Nyiv tseem thov lub South Kuril Islands tuaj, hu lawv cov Northern Territories.

Kev sib khom lus rau cov tswv cuab ntawm cov Islands tuaj, uas lub tshav microscopic lub teb chaws twb tsis muaj txoj cai rub kom deb li deb. Nyiv yog heev ntshaw, thiab nyob rau hauv thiaj li ua, nws yuav pab US muab nplua nuj priceless, nrog rau cov tshiab khiv qhib rhenium co yav qab teb Kuril Islands. Nyiv thiab Russia ntawm tsis yog zoo caij kev coj cwj pwm ntawm cov thawj yuav tej zaum yeej tsis pom zoo.