Ib suam ntawm kev nyab xeeb

Security yog ib tug nyiaj txiag ntsuas uas muab txoj cai tau txais cov nyiaj tau los mus rau tus tswv nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej. Ib daim ntawv lees tias txoj cai rau vaj tse, uas tshwm sim tsuas yog thaum kev nthuav qhia ntawm cov kev ruaj ntseg. Securities zaum yuav nyob rau daim ntawv los yog nyob rau ib tug sib nqus nruab nrab. Ib suam ntawm kev nyab xeeb yuav tsum ua nyob rau txawv chaw. Muaj ob yam loj cov chav kawm ntawm kev nyab xeeb: yooj yim thiab muab tau.

Derivatives yog yav tom ntej muas los yog kev sib cog lus thiab kev xaiv.

Major kev nyab xeeb raug muab faib ua ob pawg: thawj thiab. Thaum cov tub ntxhais ntawm cov thawj kev nyab xeeb yog cov cuab tam (stocks, bonds, ntawv cog lus). Secondary kev nyab xeeb muab raws li cov thawj thiab nyob rau hauv kev nyab xeeb yog lawv tus kheej kev nyab xeeb (warrants, deposit receipts).

Muaj ntau ntau yam yam ntxwv ntawm cov kev nyab xeeb uas underlie lawv cais. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm lub hav zoov paub qhov txawv ceev thiab perpetual kev nyab xeeb. Los ntawm hom ntawm kev siv ntawm cov faib peev thiab uas tsis yog-peev kev nyab xeeb. Tus duab ntawm qhov kev tso tawm yog emission thiab uas tsis yog-emission, thiab los ntawm cov tswv cuab qhov txawv pej xeem thiab lwm cov kev nyab xeeb. Tsis tas li ntawd qhov txawv ntawm pheej hmoo ua thiab yuav raug tsis pub kev nyab xeeb, cov nyiaj tau los thiab unprofitable, kev ncaj ncees thiab cov nuj nqis, ob qho tib si domestic thiab txawv teb chaws.

Tej kev nyab xeeb yam raug cai qhia cov substantive cai ntawm tus tswv tsev. Txhua yas dhos ntawm kev nyab xeeb paub li cas lub tswvyim thiab faib ntawm kev nyab xeeb. Teb ua tib zoo tiv thaiv tiv thaiv cuav, daim ntawv thiab number case muaj ob peb degrees ntawm kev tiv thaiv.

Cov feem ntau lug siv tsoom fwv bonds, shares, cov nqi kho mob, cov tshev mis, savings thiab daim ntawv pov of deposit, cov nqi kho mob ntawm lading. Lub shares yog dog dig, sau npe shares, nyiam shares thiab cov neeg uas hnov. Ib suam ntawm kev nyab xeeb nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov shares yog muab faib mus rau hauv sau npe shares, nrog rau cov qhia thiab cov neeg uas hnov cov uas warrants thiab floating dividends. Shares yuav muab tso thiab tshaj tawm. Tag nrho cov shares muaj ib tug me me nqi thiab cov lag luam los yog kev ua lag luam tus nqi ntawm. Action yog lobar kev ruaj ntseg uas muab txoj cai tau txais dividends thiab raws li thaum liquidation ntawm lub cuab tam ntawm lub tuam txhab.

A daim ntawv cog lus yog ib tug nqi ruaj ntseg, uas regulates qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm tus uas koj qiv thiab cov borrower. Heev feem ntau, cov bonds muab los ntawm lub xeev, tab sis lawv muaj peev xwm nqa thiab tso ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov lag luam thiab cov koom haum. Ib suam ntawm kev nyab xeeb - bonds muaj xws li, nyob rau hauv lem, sau ntawv, nyiaj cov nqi kho mob, nyiaj cov nqi kho mob los yog daim ntawv pov. Tab sis bonds yog muab tsuas yog rau ib tug taag lub sij hawm, nrog rau yuav tsum tau rov qab. Bonds yuav tsum renewed deferred convertible, indexed nyiaj txais muas tsev, nrog sinking nyiaj, nrog rau cov kev cia siab rau fiduciary collateral nominal daim coupon no thiab dawb hu rau thiab tuav ib tug tsawg ntau yam, thiab kev txaus siab-free. Bonds yeej ib txwm ua kom muaj nyiaj.

Cov cog ceeb toom yog ib cog ntawv muab los ntawm tus uas koj qiv thiab muab nws txoj cai rau demand ib sum ntawm cov nyiaj teev nyob rau hauv tus nqi tom qab lub sij hawm.

Cov tshev mis yog sau npe, rau kev txiav txim, cov neeg uas hnov, nyiaj ntsuab, kev sib hais haum, Privatization. Raug them nyiaj yug los ntawm check yog yeej ib txwm lub txhab nyiaj uas muab cov tshev.

Ib suam ntawm kev nyab xeeb, xws li cov sij hawm thaum daim ntawv pov, muab faib los ntawm hom ntawm investor nyob rau hauv lub daim ntawv, uas siv tsuas yog ib tug kev cai lij choj qhov chaw thiab cov nyiaj khaws tseg siv los ntawm cov pejxeem. Tag nrho cov ntawv pov thawj lub sij hawm kev nyab xeeb yog muab rau ib tug lub sij hawm ntawm ib mus rau peb lub xyoos. Rau tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov kev nyab xeeb, muaj qee yam uas yuav tsum tau nyob ntawm lawv lub nominal tus nqi, lub sij hawm ntawm kev kho mob thiab hom.