Humoral kev tiv thaiv

Lub cev tiv thaiv cov tib neeg lub cev los ntawm parasites, cov kab mob, teeb meem kab mob, tshuaj lom cov khoom ntawm lawv lub neej thiab tsis yog. Nws yog tsim nyog los paub qhov txawv ntawm lub cev kuj mus kab mob xws li innate (non-kev) los ntawm lub mas yuav kis tau hom (tej). Tsis tseem ceeb tiv thaiv tawm tsam tus kab mob no yog tshwm sim los ntawm caj. Mechanisms nonspecific (los yog tsis tseem ceeb) tiv thaiv rau ntau pathogens yog yam tseem ceeb phagocytosis thiab o.

Cov kev tiv thaiv yog ib qho txaus Sensor nrhiav kom tau system ntawm lub cev. Nws txiav txim no yog qhia rau tus nyeem ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm pathogenic aggressors - antigens thiab khaws cia rau lawv. Intracellular mas yuav kis tau kuj mus kab mob ua hauj lwm los mus tiv thaiv lub hlwb ntawm lub puab qhov chaw. humoral kev tiv thaiv Nws nqa tawm nyob rau hauv extracellular kua.

Thawj tiv thaiv hlwb raug tus kab mob kab mob macrophages uas mus dawb nyob rau hauv lub intercellular kua, khi rau ib tug antigen, nws yog qhia tau. Los ntawm inducing ib tug tiv thaiv teb txuas koom haum pab T pab hlwb thiab tshuab txais B-lymphocytes. Tsis ntev lymphocytes yog hloov, hloov mus rau hauv ntshav hlwb, uas tsim ib qho tshuaj. Yog li tsim mas yuav kis tau humoral nruab teb nrog tsim ntawm kev nco hlwb, khaws cia ntaub ntawv rau ib tug antigen. Thaum ob antigen nkag mus rau hauv lub cev zoo xws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv khiav haib antibody teb provoking, piv txwv li, tsis haum tej yam kev mob.

Humoral kev tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv lub piv ua nyob rau hauv lub hlwb pob txha ntawm T-pab thiab T-suppressors, advantageously 2: 1. Qhov no piv yog ua txhaum nyob rau hauv AIDS raws nraim cov lus rov 1: 2, rau tuag T-pab hlwb, tus kab mob no kis tus kab mob. Yog li ntawd, tej kab mob tseem unrecognized, uas yog qhov ua rau ntawm kev tuag ntawm tus kab mob.

Suam ntawm cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv lub extracellular nruab nrab ntawm tus kab mob

Antigens kawm kom varied uas los tswj lawv humoral system yuav ua tau 108 txawv los ntawm cov kev tshuaj. Muaj ntau seem ntawm DNA cov nqaijrog yog txawv nyob rau hauv lawv cov qauv, lawv txiav txim seb lub antibody muaj ntau haiv neeg.

Immunoglobulins tsib chav kawm muab ruaj khov tiv thaiv teb antigens.

1. Cov tub kawm G.

Immunoglobulin G chav kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev tshaj tus so (mus txog rau 18 g ib liter). Ig G tua toxins, cov kab mob, kab mob yog nyob rau hauv cov ntshav thiab cov qog.

2. Hoob A.

Immunoglobulins yog ntshiab-chav kawm ntawv, cov neeg uas circulate nyob rau hauv cov ntshav thiab secretory qog nyob rau hauv lub cev. Globular cov nqaijrog ntawm cov ntshav ntshiab yog lub luag hauj lwm rau cov general tiv thaiv. immunoglobulin secretion muab lub zos tiv thaiv tawm tsam tus kab mob, co toxins, tsim ib tug teeb meem mus rau lub allergic ntawm lawv pawg. Humoral kev tiv thaiv yog muab los ntawm IgA tshuaj no yog muaj nyob rau ntawm lub Ari, mob ntsws, mob lesion hlauv taws xob.

3. Hoob E.

Class E immunoglobulins yog ncaj qha mus muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub neej puas toxins nyob rau hauv lub phagocytosis ntawm txawv teb chaws li hais, lawv tsevneeg thiab neutralization, rhuav tseg sab sauv khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm cov kab mob hlwb. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm Ig E nyob rau hauv lub intercellular kua tsub kom nyob rau hauv cov kab mob xws li kab mob nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus thiab cov me nyuam. Cov pab pawg neeg kuj muaj xws li cov Ig E tshuaj rau erythrocytes txawv teb chaws tuaj.

4. Hoob D.

Immunoglobulin hauv chav kawm ntawv D circulate mas nyob rau hauv cov ntshav daim nyias nyias ntawm lub hlwb, thiab ntshav dej concentration yog kuj tsis tshua muaj. Muaj nuj nqi nqaijrog Ig D B lymphocytes qhia specialization yuav tsum tau, lawv muaj nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm autoimmune dab.

5. Class M.

Immunoglobulin Ig M circulate hauv cov hlab ntsha, ntawm hloov ntshav hlwb nyob rau hauv tus neeg mob cov thawj ingress antigens rau hauv lub cev. Protein Ig M muaj xws li ib tug haib humoral kev tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv mob.