Homogeneous mixtures: txhais ntawm lub tswvyim, muaj pes tsawg leeg, piv txwv

Chemistry kev tshawb fawb tshuaj thiab lawv cov khoom. Thaum tov, cov khoom siv sib xyaw es thiaj li tau txais txiaj ntsim zoo tshiab.

Dab tsi yog qhov sib tov

Cov dej sib tov yog hu ua cov khoom sib xyaws ntawm ib tus neeg. Lawv tsuas tsim los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb hauv cov chaw soj ntsuam hauv qee lub caij xwb. Txhua txhua hnub peb pib nrog ib qho tshuaj yej los yog kasfes, uas muaj suab thaj ntxiv. Los yog ua noj qab haus kua zaub, uas yuav tsum tau salted. Qhov no yog qhov sib tov tiag. Tsuas yog peb tsis xav txog nws li.

Yog tias nws tsis paub qhov txawv ntawm cov khoom siv nrog lub qhov muag liab, homogeneous mixtures (homogeneous) ua ntej koj. Lawv tuaj yeem tau los ntawm dissolving tib qab zib hauv tshuaj yej lossis kas fes.

Tab sis yog tias koj ntxiv cov xuab zeb mus rau cov piam thaj, lawv cov zauv tau yooj yim dua. Xws li sib tov yog suav tias yog heterogeneous los yog heterogeneous.

Inhomogeneous mixtures

Nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov mixtures ntawm no hom yuav tsum tau siv tshuaj nyob rau hauv txawv sau ua ib pawg xeev: khoom los yog kua. Ib qho sib tov ntawm av kua txob ntawm ntau hom los yog lwm yam seasonings feem ntau tsuas yog qhuav tsis tov qhuav.

Yog hais tias muaj kua yog siv nyob rau hauv kev npaj ntawm ib tug heterogeneous khoom, lub resulting loj yog hu ua slurry. Thiab lawv muab faib ua ob peb hom. Thaum nws cov kua nrog khib nyiab tsim slurry. Cov piv txwv yog sib xyaw dej nrog xuab zeb los yog av nplaum. Thaum ib tus tsim kev tsim tawm tshuaj cement, lub khob ua kom hmoov nphoo nrog dej, tus menyuam ntxuav hniav nrog cov tshuaj txhuam hniav - lawv txhua tus siv kev rho tawm.

Lwm hom heterogeneous mixtures tuaj yeem tau los ntawm qhov sib tov ob dej. Lawm, yog tias lawv cov ntsiab lus yog qhov txawv. Kapnite zaub roj hauv dej - thiab tau txais ib qho emulsion.

Homogeneous mixtures

Qhov nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm cov pab pawg neeg no yog huab cua. Txhua tus menyuam kawm paub hais tias nws muaj xws li ib tug xov tooj ntawm gases: nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, dej vapor thiab impurities. Lawv yuav pom thiab pom nrog lub qhov muag liab qab. Tau kawg tsis.

Yog li, cov cua thiab dej qab zib yog homogeneous mixtures. Lawv tuaj yeem sib txawv hauv cov xeev sib txawv. Tab sis feem ntau kua homogeneous mixtures siv. Lawv muaj lawv qhov hnyav thiab xis. Thiab thawj tivthaiv yog kua, lossis noj hauv lub ntim loj dua.

Cov tshuaj tsis tuaj yeem ua tsis taus pa hauv ib qho nyiaj. Piv txwv, nyob rau hauv ib liter dej, koj muaj peev xwm ntxiv ob kilograms suab thaj. Ntxiv mus, txoj kev no tsuas yuav tsis tshwm sim. Xws li ib qho kev daws teeb meem yuav dhau los ua.

Ib qho phenomenon nthuav yog ib qho khoom sib xyaw homogeneous. Yog li, hydrogen yog yooj yim faib rau ntau hom hlau. Qhov kev siv ntawm kev sib nrauj yog nyob ntawm ntau yam. Nws nce nrog rau kev sov dua ntawm cov kua thiab huab cua, nrog kev sib tsoo ntawm cov khoom thiab vim li cas lawv cov khoom siv.

Kev xav tsis thoob yog qhov tseeb tias tsis muaj kev sib txuam tsis meej hauv cov xwm txheej. Txawm nyiaj ions raug faib tawm ntawm cov dej cev, ua ib homogeneous sib xyaw. Cov kev daws teeb meem no yog siv rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub thiab tib neeg lub neej. Piv txwv, txhua tus neeg nyiam thiab siv tau mis yog homogeneous sib tov.

Txoj kev rau kev sib sau ua ke

Qee lub sij hawm nws yuav tsim nyog tsis yog los ntawm kev nrhiav homogeneous cov ntsiab lus, tab sis kuj cais cov homogeneous mixtures. Cia peb hais tias tsuas muaj dej hauv lub tsev xwb, tab sis koj xav tau kom nws cov nplais nyias. Rau qhov no, ib qho zoo sib xws yog evaporated. Uniform mixtures, cov piv txwv uas tau muab saum toj no, feem ntau yog sib cais ua li no.

Raws li qhov sib txawv hauv boiling kub, distillation yog raws li. Txhua leej txhua tus paub tias dej pib ntuav ntawm 100 degrees Celsius, thiab cov cawv cawv ntawm 78. Cov kua dej yog sib tov. Ua ntej, vapors evaporate. Lawv condense, uas yog, lawv raug xa mus rau ib lub xeev kua, nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog tej yam txias nto.

Nrog kev pabcuam ntawm cov hlau nplaum, cov khoom siv sib xyaw hlau muaj cais. Piv txwv li, hlau thiab ntoo sawdust. Zaub roj thiab dej tuaj yeem cais tau los ntawm qhov chaw.

Heterogeneous thiab homogeneous mixtures, piv txwv ntawm cov uas tau qhia nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm, yog ntawm zoo nyiaj txiag tseem ceeb. Cov zaub mov, cua, av, dej hiav txwv, khoom noj khoom haus, khoom siv hauv tsev, dej haus, pastes - tag nrho qhov no yog kev sib txuas ntawm tib neeg cov khoom, tsis muaj lub neej yuav yooj yim ua tsis tau.