Hlwb macrophages. Yuav ua li cas yog nws thiab dab tsi lawv muaj zog

Qhov tsab xov xwm no tham txog tsim mechanism ntawm kev tiv thaiv, i.e. thaj chaw ntawm lub cev mus rau tiv thaiv nws cov hlwb tiv thaiv txawv teb chaws tshuaj (antigens) los yog pathogens (cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob). Tiv thaiv peev xwm yuav tsim nyob rau hauv ob txoj kev. Tus thawj yog hu ua humoral thiab tsiag ntawv los ntawm cov cim ntawm tshwj xeeb kev tiv thaiv cov nqaijrog - gamma-globulin, thiab lub thib ob - tus cell, uas yog raws li nyob rau tshwm sim ntawm phagocytosis. Nws yog tshwm sim los ntawm lub tsim nyob rau hauv lub nruab nrog cev muaj feem xyuam rau lub endocrine thiab tiv thaiv kab mob, tshwj xeeb hlwb: lymphocytes, monocytes, basophils, macrophages.

Hlwb, macrophages: yog dab tsi?

Macrophages ua ke nrog rau lwm cov kev tiv thaiv hlwb (monocytes) yog loj lug phagocytosis - capture txheej txheem thiab kev zom ntawm txawv teb chaws tshuaj los yog pathogens uas hem lub cev lub neej ntawm tus kab mob. Piav kev tiv thaiv mechanism twb tshwm sim thiab kawm los ntawm Lavxias teb sab physiologist Mechnikov nyob rau hauv 1883. Nws kuj tau pom tias cellular tiv thaiv hais txog phagocytosis - kev tiv thaiv teb uas tiv thaiv lub hlwb los ntawm lub genome ntawm cov ua hauj lwm ntawm kev txawv teb chaws cov neeg ua hauj, hu ua antigens.

Nws yog tsim nyog los nkag siab txog cov teeb meem: lub macrophages - hlwb uas yog qhov no? Nco qab lawv cytogenesis. Cov hlwb yog muab tau los ntawm monocytes, uas tau ncaim cov hlab ntsha thiab txeem mus rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg. Qhov no yog hu ua diapedesis. Cov tshwm sim ntawm nws yog lub tsim ntawm macrophages nyob rau hauv lub parenchyma ntawm lub siab, mob ntsws, cov qog ntshav hauv thiab po.

Piv txwv li, alveolar macrophages twb xub hu nrog txawv teb chaws tshuaj daig nyob rau hauv lub pulmonary parenchyma los ntawm kev receptors. Ces cov tiv thaiv kab mob hlwb engulf thiab zom antigens thiab pathogens, li no tiv thaiv cov pa kabmob los ntawm pathogenic cov kab mob thiab toxins, raws li zoo raws li kev rhuav tseg cov hais ntawm tshuaj lom tshuaj rau hauv lub ntsws los ib feem ntawm huab cua thaum lub sij hawm kev tshoov siab. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws twb pom tau tias cov theem ntawm lub cev kev ua ntawm alveolar macrophages zoo xws li cov kev tiv thaiv cov ntshav - monocytes.

Nta ntawm cov qauv thiab cov kev ua ntawm lub cev hlwb

Phagocytic hlwb muaj ib tug kev cytological qauv, uas txiav txim rau cov kev ua ntawm macrophages. Lawv cell daim nyias nyias muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm txoj kev pseudopodia pab rau gripping thiab enveloping txawv teb chaws hais. Lub cytoplasm yog tag nrho ntawm digestive organelles - lysosomes los xyuas kom meej lysis ntawm toxins, cov kab mob los yog kab mob. Mitochondria yog tseem tam sim no, synthesizing cov molecule adenosine triphosphate, uas yog lub ntsiab lub zog tshuaj macrophages. Muaj yog ib tug system ntawm cov hlab thiab tubular - lub endoplasmic reticulum rau cov protein ntau-synthesizing organelles - ribosomes. Yuav tsum tau muaj cov ib los yog ntau tshaj nuclei, feem ntau ntawm cov lus zoo. Polynuclear macrophages hu ua symplasts. Lawv tsim raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm intracellular karyokinesis, tsis muaj nraug feem ntau ntawm cov cytoplasm.

hom macrophages

Nws yog tsim nyog los xav txog cov nram qab no, uas yog siv lub sij hawm "macrophages" hais tias qhov no yog tsis ib hom ntawm cev lug thiab muaj ntau haiv neeg tsitosistema. Piv txwv li, qhov txawv taag thiab dawb lub tiv thaiv hlwb. Cov thawj pab pawg neeg no muaj xws li alveolar macrophages, phagocytes parenchyma kab noj hniav thiab hauv nruab nrog cev. Tsis tas li ntawd tas lub cev hlwb tam sim no nyob rau hauv nyob tus yeees ntawm osteoblasts thiab cov qog ntshav. Depot thiab cov ntshav-sib sau ua kabmob - siab, po thiab liab pob txha - kuj muaj tsau macrophages.

Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug cell-kho hom haum xeeb kev tiv thaiv

Qhov saum toj no hom ntawm phagocytes makrofagicheskuyu ua ke nyob rau hauv ib tug heev npaum system uas ncaj qha muab lub peev xwm los tiv thaiv pathogenic thiab lom sawv cev, thiab ua puas rau lawv los ntawm capturing thiab digestion. Ntxiv mus, los ntawm cellular tiv thaiv system muab tshuaj ua los ntawm T- thiab B-lymphocytes, uas khi nto antigens ntawm cov kab mob, kab mob thiab intracellular cab rickettsiae thiab chlamydiae.

Peripheral tiv thaiv kab mob ntshav-sib sau ua kabmob, hais tonsils, tus po thiab cov qog ntshav, tsim ib txoj kev haumxeeb ib system uas muaj raws li thiab cov ntshav, thiab immunogenez.

Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm macrophages nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm lub cev nco

Tom qab kev sib cuag nrog antigen hlwb muaj peev xwm ntawm phagocytosis, lub tom kawg yuav tau "nco ntsoov" lub biochemical profile ntawm lub pathogen thiab lub luag hauj lwm rau antibody ntau lawm nws rov nkag mus rau hauv lub chav cell. Muaj ob hom ntawm immunological nco: zoo thiab tsis zoo. Ob leeg ntawm lawv yog cov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua si ntawm lymphocytes ua nyob rau hauv lub thymus, tus po, plaques nyob rau hauv lub plab hnyuv phab ntsa thiab cov qog ntshav. Cov no muaj xws derivatives thiab lymphocytes - hlwb thiab monocytes - macrophages.

Ib tug zoo immunological nco yog tshuam physiological yog vim li cas rau ib tug txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv raws li ib tug txoj kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Txij li thaum lub cim xeeb hlwb sai sai paub antigens uas yog nyob rau hauv lub tshuaj tiv thaiv, lawv tam sim ntawd raws li cov ceev ceev tsim ntawm kev tiv thaiv cov tshuaj. Cov tshwm sim ntawm ib tug tsis zoo cev nco yog muab rau tus account nyob rau hauv kev sib hloov rau txo lub theem ntawm rejection ntawm transplanted nruab nrog cev thiab cov nqaij.

Cov kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov hematopoietic thiab muaj zog

Tag nrho cov hlwb muab kev koom tes cev rau txoj kev tiv thaiv tawm tsam pathogens thiab tej yam tshuaj lom generated nyob rau hauv lub hlwb pob txha, uas yog tseem lub hematopoietic hloov khoom nruab nrog. Thymus los yog thymus muaj feem xyuam rau lub endocrine system, cov kev ua ntawm lub hauv paus qauv kev tiv thaiv. Nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev, thiab liab pob txha, thymus thiab yog, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, tus thawj xib fwb hauv lub nruab nrog immunogenesis.

Phagocytic hlwb puas pathogens uas feem ntau yog nrog o nyob rau hauv lub mob ntaub so ntswg thiab kabmob. Lawv tsim ib tug tshwj xeeb muaj - platelet activating tau (PAF), uas tsub kom lub permeability ntawm cov hlab ntsha. Yog li, ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm macrophages los ntawm cov ntshav mus cuag qhov chaw ntawm lub pathogen thiab txov nws.

Tom qab kev kawm macrophages - dab tsi zoo ntawm hlwb nyob rau hauv dab tsi kabmob lawv ua dab tsi thiab kev khiav dej num yog nqa tawm - peb pom tau hais tias, nrog rau lwm yam hom lymphocytes (basophils, monocytes, eosinophils), lawv yog cov tseem ceeb tiv thaiv kab mob hlwb.