Hloov tsam department los ntawm Vladimir rau Moscow (hnub tim)

Hloov tsam department los ntawm Vladimir rau Moscow - ib tug tseem ceeb kauj ruam nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias teb sab xeev thiab cov sawv ntawm Moscow. Lub cim thaj chaw, lub loj hlob cawv ntawm cov Moscow nqi zog nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb-sab hnub tuaj lub xeev thiab txuas txoj cai ntawm lub Moscow Princes sai sai ua Moscow tus tshiab center ntawm Lavxias teb sab lub hwj chim.

KEEB KWM nce

Vaj Keeb Kwm sau tom qab kev tuag ntawm Andreya Bogolyubskogo, mention ntawm Moscow, raws li lub nroog nyob rau hauv uas lawv nyob Muscovites - lub inhabitants ntawm Moscow. Lub nroog lub npe yog pom nyob rau hauv lub annals ntawm ntau cov tub rog txheej xwm ntawm lub sij hawm. Moscow tau los ua ib tug taw tes nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia uas cov phooj ywg sib ntsib thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam lub onslaught ntawm cov tsiaj. Lub zos me me yog sai sai ua tsis ntev los no tshwj xeeb nroog tus kheej reign. Hloov tsam department los ntawm Vladimir rau Moscow yuav tsis muab qhov chaw yog hais tias tus nruab nrab ntawm lub kaum plaub caug xyoo, lub tom kawg tsis muaj qhov tsim nyog loj thiab cawv.

Tsim kom muaj ib tug tshiab Orthodox chaw

Ivan Kalita ua nto moo chaw ntawm Moscow, tsis tsuas nom tswv tab sis kuj kev cai dab qhuas lub neej. Ua ntej ntawd, qhov chaw ntawm kev teev tiam thiab ib qho chaw ntawm mus tas li qhov chaw nyob ntawm Metropolitan Vladimir yog nyob rau hauv lub Klyazma. Tus zaj uas lub sij hawm thiab lub qhov Maneuvering ntawm lub kws pheej faav xeeb princes Tatar puppets thiab lawv tus kheej pheej faav xeeb lyudom txo tus nqi ntawm Vladimir. Lub sib ntaus sib tua rau tus txheej xwm ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab Orthodox center thiaj tawg ntawm Moscow thiab nws nyob mus ib txhis rival - Tinpelias.

Cov tawm tsam rau lub Metropolitan

Tshem los ntawm lub Department ntawm lub Metropolitan Vladimir twb nrog los ntawm ib tug ntsim nriaj ntawm Moscow thiab Tver. Cov thawj ntawm lub teb chaws vied nrhiav kom haum lub Tatar Khan, sim kom koj yaum tau tag nrho cov-haib Mongols rau lawv sab. Meanwhile, ib tug ntawm cov monk ntawm Tver monasteries nyob rau hauv Constantinople sau ntawv tsis txaus siab mus rau lub Metropolitan Peter. tseeb simony (lub tsev ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj chaw ua hauj lwm) tau qhia thiab kev tsis saib xyuas lub tsev teev ntuj lub luag haujlwm.

Rau tus tswv ntawm tag nrho cov zog ntawm Guj kuj muaj yog ib tug tiag tiag kev hem thawj rau lub deposition. Tab sis xws li ib tug tshwm sim yuav tsis tau tau tsis tau cov kev tso cai ntawm heev heev Lavxias teb sab txiv plig, thiab nyob rau hauv lub affairs ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj Tatar khans thiab lawv brokers xum tsis mus cuam tshuam. Tseem ceeb heev rau lawv tau cov se thiab tribute, tsis tu ncua coj los ntawm Lavxias teb sab princes. Thiab sab ntsuj plig sab ntawm lub neej Khans nyiam tsis txhob sib tham txog kev nom kev tswv thiab lub Koom Txoos muaj tsis ntxim.

Peter lub ascent mus rau lub zwm txwv ntawm lub Metropolitan yog tsis yog tsis muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub Moscow princes. Nrhiav sab ntsuj plig cai tshaj Orthodox, Peter twb tsis nco qab lawm cov kev pab cuam mus thiab tag nrho cov kev pab txhawb lub Muscovite rulers. Nws twb nyob rau hauv Moscow, nyob rau hauv tib lub qhov chaw thiab tuag, thiab raug faus. Heev heev offerings thiab thov ntawm lub Moscow princes ua lawv txoj hauj lwm - lub caij Tsam Peter twb canonized nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm tus thawj Moscow thiab Wonderworker ntawm Tag nrho cov zog ntawm Guj kuj. Tshem los ntawm lub Department ntawm lub Metropolitan Vladimir rau Klyazma nyob rau hauv Moscow twb ib nrab ua deal.

Lub successor mus rau lub txuj ci tseem ceeb neeg ua hauj lwm

Peter twb ua tau zoo los ntawm tus tshiab khiv hu ua Greek Fiognost. Qhov kawg ntawm 1327 tus Patriarch ntawm Constantinople Yaxayas tsa nws li tsam ntawm Kiev nrog tas hauj lwm qhuab qhia nyob rau hauv Moscow.

Nyob rau hauv 1328 Fiognost mus xyuas lub sab qaum teb-eastern Lavxias teb sab pawg neeg thaj av, uas, nyob rau kev thov los ntawm cov Galician thiab Lithuanian princes, tau raug faib ib tug cais archdiocese. Tab sis Fiognosta tsis haum rau txoj hauj lwm ntawm tus yawg koob ntawm coj lub xeev lub zos. Nws aim yog mus sib sau ua ke rau hauv lub qaum teb thiab sab hnub tuaj Russia nyob rau hauv tib Orthodox ntoo khaub lig. Yog tias thaum nws thaum kawg los ua tau mus rau cov hloov tsam department los ntawm Vladimir rau Moscow. Lub hnub tom ntej kev tshwm sim muaj tau pom zoo nrog Constantinople. Fiognost teem tawm mus tshaj tag nrho cov paub Lavxias teb sab lub zos thiab mus ua Moscow ib qho chaw ntawm lub Orthodox ntiaj teb no.

Accomplishment ntawm capital

Tej zaum cov kev hloov ntawm lub Department ntawm lub Metropolitan Vladimir rau Moscow los ntawm tub huabtais Kalita thiab yuav tsis muab qhov chaw yog hais tias nws twb tsis tau no active kev pab txhawb nqa ntawm lub tshiab Tsam. Nyob rau hauv nws kev tsim kho ntawm lub Assumption Koom Txoos tiav, thiab nyob rau hauv 1328, ob tug pob zeb churches tau ua - ib tug unheard ntawm innovation rau lub capital. Lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm St. Peter tus Thwj Tim thiab St. Ivana Lestvichnika los ua lwm kauj ruam nyob rau hauv ntxiv dag zog rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Moscow.

Lub ceremonial hloov lwm lub tsev

Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-30s ntawm lub 14th xyoo pua Theognost active ua hauj lwm rau lub Metropolitan chaw ua hauj lwm coj cov thawj tseem ceeb tau. Lub Canonization txuj ci tseem ceeb ua hauj lwm attracted Peter rau Moscow ib tug ntau ntawm cov pilgrims thiab tus xib hwb. Cob phum tsausmuag kev cai dab qhuas kev ua ub no tsis dhau tsis paub los ntawm lub Patriarchate ntawm Constantinople - tej yam uas cov tshiab Tsam ntev rau tag nrho cov Lavxias teb sab pawg neeg thaj av.

Thaum lub siab tshaj plaws ntau pib tham txog cov kev hloov ntawm lub Department ntawm lub Metropolitan Vladimir rau Moscow. 1326 yog ib lub sij hawm ntawm ib tug txiav txim zaum kawg. Tag nrho cov kev pom zoo ntawm cov Moscow princes, twb hnav lub title ntawm "Tag nrho cov zog ntawm Guj kuj", them nyiaj yug rau lub Patriarch ntawm Constantinople thiab txoj cai uas tsis yog-cuam ntawm lub Golden Horde kom tiav txoj hauj lwm. Hloov tsam department los ntawm Vladimir rau Moscow tau ua tiav.

Lub txim ntawm tsiv teb tsaws

Qhov kev tshwm sim yog ib tug milestone rau tus tub huabtais ntawm Moscow. Nws multiplies txoj hauj lwm ntawm secular cai, equating nws nrog sab ntsuj plig. Fiognost yog nkaus nyob rau sab Ivana Kality, pab rau tom kawg nyob rau hauv lub accession ntawm neighboring pawg neeg thaj av mus rau lub Moscow nqi zog. Piv txwv li, dav Fiognost cib fim popes mus yaum thiab tshem tawm cov foom tsis tsuas yog nyob rau cov tib neeg, tab sis txawm nyob rau hauv lub nroog thiab lub teb chaws. Yog li ntawd nws muab tso rau ib tug foom tsis zoo rau cov neeg ntawm Pskov thiab nws cov chaw rau qhov tseeb hais tias lawv tsis kam muab tus tub huabtais ntawm Tver Khan Ulugbek, yog li provoking tus tswv ntawm lub Golden Horde nyob rau hauv lub tshiab raids thiab kev puas tsuaj. Anathema muab tangible tau - tus tub huabtais Tverskoy Aleksandr Mihaylovich sab laug lub Pskov thiab mus rau Grand Duchy ntawm Lithuania. Tom qab no, cov foom phem twb tsa.

Cov tsim ntawm Moscow li qhov chaw ntawm lub Orthodox lub ntiaj teb no

Nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau muab ib tug tag nrho cov kev luj xyuas ntawm tag nrho cov kev pab cuam uas coj tus tshiab capital ntawm lub tuam tsev kev thauj ntawm lub Metropolitan Vladimir rau Moscow. Lub hnub ntawm qhov kev tshwm sim (1326) yog reflected nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntawm lub annals thiab keeb kwm raws li ib tug raws taw tes rau hauv lub neej ntawm lub Moscow nqi zog.

Raws li cov ancient conception ntawm lub ntug ntawm lub ntaus ntawv, thiab cov worldly thiab sab ntsuj plig hwj chim yog muaj sib npaug thiab koom. Yog li ntawd, qhov tseeb hais tias nyob rau hauv lub nceeg vaj ntawm lub nroog nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nyob thiab cov huab tais, thiab cov Metropolitan, yog ib tug natural thiab ntshaw.

Txoj thiab lub Koom Txoos

Raws li tej ntsiab cai, thiab secular thiab sab ntsuj plig hwj chim yog Attendance zoo rau cov kev hloov ntawm lub Department ntawm lub Metropolitan Vladimir rau Moscow. Xyoo 1328 yog nco chroniclers lub tsev teev ntuj festivities uas cim tshwj xeeb tshaj yog zoo thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no.

Nws yog ib lub sij hawm ntawm tus thaj yeeb coexistence ntawm lub Moscow nqi zog thiab cov Golden Horde - Moscow loj hlob nplua nuj thiab vam meej. Lub None lub tsev hais plaub thiab lub tsev hais plaub ntawm Metropolitan nyob ze, thiab lub hwj chim twb thiab wealth tsis inferior mus rau txhua lwm yam. Lush processions thiab pe hawm Vajtswv rau lub sij hawm ntawm qhov kev nthuav qhia rau cov npis sov yog sau nyob rau hauv lub capital ntawm cov qab zib ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj hierarchy nrog high-qeb duas qhua los ntawm cov sab hnub tuaj Lavxias teb sab pawg neeg thaj av thiab ntawm Constantinople nws tus kheej. Tag nrho cov sumptuous kev noj kev haus twb muaj nyob rau hauv Moscow nrog ib tug loj sib sau ua ke ntawm cov neeg. Yuav cam Moscow tus neeg pab leg ntaubntawv mus rau lub surrounding av, tab sis tus kev cai dab qhuas kev cai yog undeniable: uas raug nqi ntau cov tsam ntawm Moscow twb raug teeb meem nrog excommunication.

Vim li cas nws tshwm sim

Ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws cov lus tseeb, vim hais tias cov neeg uas cov kev hloov ntawm lub Department ntawm lub Metropolitan Vladimir rau Moscow tseem muaj, yog los muab ib tug ntau yam tseem ceeb cov kev pab cuam thiab nyiaj. Piv nrog rau uas tau txais los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub Koom Txoos cov tub ceev xwm nyob rau hauv lub zos nyob sib ze principalities, cov kev pab cuam twb unheard ntawm, thiab donations - lossis loj. Moscow princes risked tsis muaj dab tsi - lawv txoj hauj lwm yog li ntawd muaj zog hais tias lawv muaj peev xwm xaiv nrog cog qoob loo ntawm cov npis sov feem ntau loyal. Tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm ua si los ntawm lub cim thaj chaw ntawm Moscow, thiab cov txav los nyob ze ntawm kev sib raug zoo nrog Constantinople. Ib qho tseem ceeb sib cav yog qhov tseeb hais tias lub tsam ntawm Tag nrho cov zog ntawm Guj kuj tsis infringe raws li qhov twg nyiam nrog lub tsev teev ntuj cov tub ceev xwm, yog li ntawd, yog Attendance loyal rau tag nrho cov npis sov. Tsam Peter pib ua superiority ntawm lub Moscow Patriarchate, thiab nws successor tsim nyog lawm transformation ntawm Moscow mus rau lub capital ntawm cov Orthodox txoj kev ntseeg.