Gothic architecture nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees: Keeb kwm thiab nta

Ib tug rog xav txog ntawm German keeb kwm nyob rau hauv lub architecture yog lub hallmark ntawm lub teb chaws no. Cia rau txhua txhua theem ntawm nws cov keeb kwm kev loj hlob twb nrog los ntawm cov emergence ntawm tshiab architectural tiam sis thiab tswv yim. Uas yog vim li cas niaj hnub tourists nrog paj nyob rau hauv mus saib lub zos attractions uas npaj txhij mus qhib ib tug neeg cob ib tug ntau ntawm nthuav tej yam hais txog lub teb chaws thiab nws cov neeg. Lub Gothic style ntawm architecture nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees yog lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab tseem cia nrog. Nws pib los tsim ntau tom qab tshaj nyob rau hauv Fabkis, tab sis yog li ntawd merged nrog cov kev cai cov kev cai ntawm lub teb chaws uas rau ntau xyoo nws twb xam tau tias nws cov xeeb ntxwv. Niaj hnub no peb yuav qhia rau koj lub feem ntau nthuav lus tseeb hais txog tus architecture ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees, qhov tseem ceeb lub German Gothic style, npe nrov thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb no rau nws zoo kawg li lub tuam tsev.

Ob peb lo lus hais txog cov kev cai cuab yeej cuab tam

Lub teb chaws Yelemees architecture tsim thiab tsim nyob rau hauv tus ntawm thaj thiab keeb kwm nta. Lub fact tias feem ntau ntawm lub teb chaws rau ib tug ntev lub sij hawm twb kav los ntawm princes, warring ntawm lawv tus kheej.

Qhov no tau pab mus rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov lus qhia nyob rau hauv architecture nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees. Txhua lub nroog tau ua nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej style, uas yog tsis yooj yim sua kom replicate nyob rau hauv lwm yam localities. Tag nrho cov no tso cai rau peb tham txog lub teb chaws architecture ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees, cov style uas yog ua los ntawm ntev xyoo ntawm craftsmen tau kawm nyob rau hauv Fabkis thiab Ltalis.

Sadly, thaum lub sij hawm ob ntiaj teb rog hauv lub teb chaws poob lawm feem ntau ntawm nws historic monuments. Lawv yuav tsum tau muab txum tim rov sai li sai tau, yog li ib co ntawm cov sights thiab tsis tau rov qab mus rau nws qub tsos. Niaj hnub nimno architecture nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees nyob ze rau qhov Art Nouveau style, nws yog nws leej twg npaum li cas raws li ib lub hauv paus rau qhov kev siv ntawm lub zos nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub thib nees nkaum caug xyoo. Kom txog rau thaum tam sim no, feem ntau ntawm cov tshiab lub tsev hais txog qhov style.

Gothic: ib nyuag lus piav qhia txog

Gothic style pib coj zoo lawm raws li ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib thiab kev style nyob ib ncig ntawm lub lem ntawm lub kaum ob xyoo pua. Thaum lub sij hawm no lub sij hawm, lub caij nyoog nruab nrab neeg twb sau loj kev kawm txawj thiab kev txawj ntse mus rau ib tug tshiab saib rau lub erection ntawm vaj tse. Feem ntau cov architects yog xav siv cov kev ancient daim ntawv thom nug, thiab lawv cov kev paub ntawm geometry ua rau nws tau mus simulate sib txawv qhov chaw. Qhov no maj coj mus rau lub fact tias cov Romanesque style uas prevailed thoob plaws teb chaws Europe, tau pib muab txoj kev mus ib yam dab tsi tshiab, raws li nyob rau hauv sib txawv kiag li lub tswv yim.

Nws yog nthuav tias lub sij hawm "Gothic" nyob npaum li cas tom qab ntawd. Nws tau tshwm sim raws li ib tug contemptuous los ntawm tus poj zoo sib xws ntawm cov kab lis kev cai thiab cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm ancient Rome thiab ib tug tshiab qauv, uas tau ua cov teb chaws Europe tus barbarians. Feem ntau ntawm lawv muaj ib tug lub npe menyuam yaus "Goths", thiab yog li ntawd rau tus tshiab style twb tsau tib eloquent lub npe.

Gothic architecture: general hauj lwm

Gothic yuav qhov kev siv ntawm cov vaj tse uas seemed rau nqa lub irrepressible tswv yim thiab yuj siab rau saum ntuj ceeb tsheej, hais lus tim khawv txog tus greatness ntawm tus txiv neej. Rau xws li vaj tse yuav tsum tau ib tug heev competent drawings thiab ib tug nplua mais ntawm lub tsev ntaub ntawv. Ntoo twb hloov los ntawm ib lub pob zeb, uas tso cai rau siv tag nrho cov tswv yim ntawm architects thiab yog resistant heev thaum nyob rau hauv European lub zos hluav taws kub.

Nws yog nthuav tias nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej gothic architecture los ua tus impetus rau heev heev inventions. Tseeb, thaum lub sij hawm qhov kev siv yuav tsum tau muab nqa mus rau ib tug ntau dua altitude zuag qhia tag nrho cov pob zeb blocks, uas yuav tsum tau kev kho mob uas txawv hlau cov cuab yeej. Nyob rau hauv parallel, lub builders yuav tsum tau tsim tshiab hmoov sib tov nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm txiv qaub thiab xuab zeb, uas muaj peev xwm ntawm nrees tsevneeg nrog txhua lwm yam pob zeb.

Qhov zoo kev kawm tau ntawm cov Gothic masters invention yog suav tias yog framing system. Nws tso cai rau xam cov taw tes ntawm loj heev lug txhawb nqa thiaj li mus txo tus naj npawb ntawm kab, tsa lub qhov rais thiab cia nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntau li ntau tau lub teeb. Xws li ib tug mus kom ze tau los ua ib tug tiag tiag boon rau tej kev sab laj, uas twb tau mus ua ke nrog txhua lwm chav rau ua qhov chaw ntau luxurious thiab impressive.

Lawm, lub tshiab style tau tau nws cov nta nyob rau hauv txhua European lub teb chaws. Qhov no yog feem ntau kom meej meej qhia nws tus kheej Gothic architecture nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees. Tag nrho cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov style twb hloov mus rau hauv ib yam dab tsi tshiab uas tau ua tus txwm ntawm lub teb chaws. Kuj ceeb tias, txawm lub Germans lawv tus kheej rau ntau xyoo ntseeg tias Gothic yug nyob rau hauv lawv lub teb chaws thiab xwb tom qab kis tau thoob plaws hauv teb chaws Europe. Nrhiav nyob rau zoo kawg li lub tsev teev ntuj, ua los ntawm German craftsmen, tej zaum nws yuav zoo li hais tias lawv tsis deb ntawm qhov tseeb - lub Gothic yog ib tug tiag tiag thiaj yuav rau kab lis kev cai thiab kev cai ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees.

Gothic nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees: Architecture

Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias ib tug tshiab qauv tau yuav lub minds ntawm German ntxias npaum li cas qeeb qeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv ces thiab Fabkis. Nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws, cov Gothic twb tsim raws li thaum ntxov raws li lub kaum ob xyoo pua, thiab nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees tus thawj qauv uas hais los ntawm ib tug muab style, nyob tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub kawg ntawm lub thib kaum peb.

Great cawv rau cov architecture ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees yog Fabkis, los ntawm no tuaj tus tswv, inspired thiab admiring Gothic lub tswv yim. Ua tsaug rau lawv, muaj cov thawj tsev nrog cov ntsiab ntawm cov tshiab style. Lawv yog cov tseem nyuaj rau tus cwj pwm mus ua kom tiav cov vaj tse uas Gothic architecture nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, tab sis lawv tau los ua ib tug zoo ntawm txoj theem ntawm lub Romanesque style. Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no muaj xws masterpieces li St. Michael lub Koom Txoos, Chapel ntawm St. Palaumais lub Cathedral thiab St. Kilian.

Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, cov monumental tsev pib xa mus rau lub Romanesque-Gothic style, ua poob lawm nws qhov tseeb mus rau thaum xaus ntawm lub thib kaum peb caug xyoo.

Txoj kev loj hlob thiab tsim ntawm lub German Gothic architecture

By pib ntawm lub kaum plaub xyoo pua German architecture nyob rau hauv lub Gothic style, lawm mas nws kaj kheej, lub hwj chim thiab hnyav nta borrowed los ntawm Fabkis. Nws thiaj li, tag nrho cov uas tau coj los ntawm lwm lub teb chaws thiab haiv neeg, hloov mus rau hauv ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov nta uas peb yuav sib tham txog rau lwm lub seem ntawm qhov tsab xov xwm.

Contemporaries ntseeg hais tias cov feem ntau cov tawm tsev nyob rau hauv lub Gothic style los ua ib tug lub Koom Txoos tseeb of Our pojniam. Nws pib yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv lub khiav ceev txog nyob rau hauv lub thirtieth xyoo ntawm lub thib kaum peb caug xyoo. Nws pom qhov txawv feature yog lub hom phiaj ntawm ib tug tsis tu ncua tus ntoo khaub lig. Zoo li cov lug twb muaj nuj nqis nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees tsis nyob rau hauv lwm yam European lub teb chaws. Builders cov txheej txheem ntawm nyob rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj ob chapels symmetrically nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov kab rov tav qauv. Qhov no masterpiece admired los architects los ntawm ib ncig lub ntiaj teb no.

By lub sij hawm ntawm flowering ntawm Gothic kuj muaj xws li Magdeburg Cathedral thiab lub Koom Txoos ntawm St. Elizabeth.

Nta German architecture

German Gothic mas yuav kis tau rau nws tus kheej nta tshwj xeeb uas tau ua nws txwm. Cov qhov tseem tseem ceeb yog cov nram qab no:

• Nruj geometric. Muaj ntau historians taw tes kom paub tias cov German architecture ntawm lub sij hawm yus muaj los ntawm lub zoo kawg simplicity ntawm kab. Feem ntau yog muab piv rau cathedrals nrog monumental chaw tiv thaiv, tsim los tiv thaiv lub zos.
• Tsis muaj ornamentation nyob rau sab hnub poob facade. Fabkis yog heev tsim kom zoo zoo hniav ntsiab, thaum lub Germans yog kom tsis txhob ntev tus naj npawb ntawm ntxiv hais thiab xav huv kab.
• Muab Siab Npuab rau ib tug los yog plaub yees. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov European lub teb chaws rau kev tsim kho ntawm lub Gothic style yog raug ntawm lub synods ntawm ob yees. German masters tau ploj mus ntxiv - lawv siv crowned ib tug pej thuam uas siab los yog plaub symmetrically txheej txheem ib ncig ntawm lub perimeter ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj.
• Tshem tus nkag rau hauv lub sab facade. Rau lub Gothic lug paub npaj nkag rau hauv lub central pem hauv ntej, tab sis muaj ib tug sab nkag rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees feem ntau ntawm cov vaj tse. Qhov no pub rau peb kom peb txaus siab rau cov kev zoo nkauj ntawm lub tsev mus rau lub hom phiaj zoo.
• Cib Gothic. Qhov no kev taw qhia tau coined sawv cev ntawm cov pej xeem hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab ua ntau nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb yog ib feem ntawm lub teb chaws.

Qhov no peb yuav qhia rau koj nyob rau hauv ntau yam.

cib Gothic

Tus tshiab style ntawm architecture dictated tej yam kev mob thaum xaiv tsev cov ntaub ntawv. Lub disadvantage yog cov cheeb tsam uas muaj loj tso ntawm cov pob zeb thiab xuab zeb, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees lawv muaj teeb meem loj. Tshwj xeeb yog cov neeg pluag nyob rau hauv no hwm yog tus sab qaum teb thaj tsam, uas coined xws li ib tug tshaj plaws raws li ib tug "cib gothic".

Nws yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm monumental tsev ua los ntawm cib. Qhov no cov ntaub ntawv uas yuav tsis muaj nyiaj yuav tsim xws li zoo kawg li vaj tse, uas yog ib tug rog xav txog ntawm lub Gothic style, tab sis tag nrho cov lwm yam tsis yog tag nrho raws li cov kev kawm sib.

Model cib Gothic yuav ua tau, piv txwv li, lub Koom Txoos ntawm St. Nicholas. Interestingly, nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam nyob qhov twg siv yog siv cib, Gothic vaj tse supplemented lub zos nrog, guild tsev thiab txawm lub tsev nyob.

cologne Cathedral

By lub sij hawm ntawm flowering ntawm Gothic architecture nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees muaj xws li cov kev siv ntawm cov Cologne Cathedral. Siv cov kev faib pib nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-thib kaum peb xyoo pua, tas tsuas yog tom qab ib puas xyoo. Lub tuam tsev no los ua lub ntsiab lub cim ntawm lub teb chaws, sib txuas ib tug yeej muaj tseeb German thiab Fabkis Gothic. Tus neeg sau ntawm lub grandiose project yog Gerard von Rila, uas ua hauj lwm rau nws rau ntau tshaj li ob lub xyoos. Cov kws kes duab vajtse txiav txim siab los mus tsim ib lub tsev teev ntuj rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm ib tug ancient tuam tsev ntawm lub Roman era, siv nws lub hauv paus. By lub sij hawm ntawm nws txoj kev tuag, ib tug txawj ntse artist tswj saib ib feem ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj, uas sawv nyob rau hauv ib tug tsis tiav daim ntawv kom txog rau thaum nruab nrab-puas tawm xyoo dhau.

Tiav siv engineer Ernst Friedrich Zwirner, coj raws li ib lub hauv paus cov cua ntsawj ntshab ntawm nws cov thawj, tab sis hloov outdated ntaub ntawv rau sawv daws yuav tshiab. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, uas nyob ntawm lub nroog los tshwm ua ntej rau sawv daws, uas muaj ob tug luxurious yees tshaj ib puas thiab tsib caug meters, thiab ib lub hauv paus nyob rau hauv lub yim caum-rau meters dav.

Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias cov Cologne Cathedral yuav tsis tau kiag li ntaus nqi mus rau lub Gothic architecture, nws yog tseem suav hais tias yog feem ntau tseem ceeb historians ntawm nws incarnation nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees.

Gothic kaum plaub xyoo pua

Peb yuav hais tias los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub kaum plaub xyoo pua, feem ntau monumental lug uas ntes tau cov tswv yim ntawm lub contemporaries, nws twb ua tau. Nyob rau hauv lub zos thiab me me settlements pib tshwm txawv kiag li lub tsev nyob rau hauv lub Gothic style.

Yog nqus tau rau qhov kev paub ntawm ob centuries, craftsmen pib ua pej xeem chaw thiab lub tsev rau lub hom phiaj ntawm muaj myiaj cov pej xeem. Raws li ib tug keeb kwm kev cai cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv tau txais lub zos nrog, lub nroog nrog thiab lub guild tsev.

Thaum lub caij, ntau ntawm lawv yog cov tsev ceev teej tug, rau kis ntawm cov uas yog zoo txaus siab rau tourists los ntawm ib ncig lub ntiaj teb no.

Renaissance architecture nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees

By pib ntawm lub thib kaum tsib caug xyoo, lub teb chaws mus rau hauv ib lub xeev ntawm hwv fragmentation. Ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm principalities waged protracted tsov ua rog, uas tiag hindered txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug tshiab architectural style.

Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias nws yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm lub thib kaum tsib mus rau lub thib kaum xya xyoo pua. Thaum lub sij hawm no, ntshiab thiab nruj proportions tau hloov los ntawm ib tug nplua mais ntawm kho kom zoo nkauj nrog ib tug tej yam li antiquity. Lub rooj txhawb siab twb nrog los ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov tshiab technologies uas ua rau nws tau siv lwm yam ntaub ntawv.

Rau ib tug muab ntu yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm lub xauv, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm ntawm armed teeb meem yog ib qhov nyuaj mus nrog rau cov kev siv ntawm ib yam dab tsi monumental.

Renaissance architecture muab lub ntiaj teb no lub castles nyob rau hauv Dresden, City Hall nyob rau hauv Leipzig, lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm St Michael thiab ntau lwm yam vaj tse.

Ob peb lo lus nyob rau hauv xaus

Peb xav hais tias nws yog tseeb los ntawm qhov tsab xov xwm cia li yuav ua li cas kom meej meej nyob rau hauv lub architecture ntawm sij hawm sib txawv ib co kua nplaum rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm lub teb chaws. Muaj ntau tourists hais tias lub teb chaws Yelemees muaj peev xwm tsuas yog kawm nyob rau hauv nws cov qauv, txhua tus uas yog ib tug tseem ceeb kev cai monument.