Glycolysis - nws ... Thiab cov qauv rau kev piam thaj oxidation

Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm peb xav txog nyob rau hauv kom meej lub aerobic glycolysis, nws cov dab, tsom xam cov theem thiab theem. Ib tug saib ntawm cov co oxidation qabzib, kawm txog cov kev hloov kev hloov kho ntawm tus txheej txheem thiab txiav txim seb nws lom tseem ceeb.

Yuav ua li cas yog glycolysis

Glycolysis - yog ib tug ntawm peb cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov piam thaj oxidation txheej txheem nyob rau oxidation txheej txheem nws tus kheej yog nrog los ntawm qhov kev tso tawm ntawm lub zog, uas yog cia nyob rau hauv lub NADH thiab ATP. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm glycolysis los ntawm zib molecule ua ob molecules ntawm pyruvic acid.

Glycolysis - ib tug txheej txheem uas yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv tus ntawm ntau yam lom catalysts - enzymes. Lub ntsiab oxidant yog cov pa - O _2, Txawm li cas los, cov kev ntawm glycolysis yuav npaj mus nyob rau hauv nws qhaj ntawv. Qhov no hom yog hu ua glycolysis - glycolysis co.

Glycolysis txheej txheem nyob rau hauv qhov qhaj ntawv los ntawm cov pa

Co glycolysis - glucose oxidation theem txheej txheem nyob rau hauv uas piam thaj yog tsis qoos oxidized. Nws cov ntaub ntawv ib tug qauv ntawm pyruvic acid. Thiab nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm lub zog, glycolysis tsis tuaj kawm ntawv ntawm cov pa (co) yog tsis tshua zoo. Txawm li cas los, kev txais neeg kawm ntawm cov pa mus rau hauv lub cell ib co oxidation txheej txheem yuav tsum hloov dua siab tshiab rau aerobic thiab ntws mus rau hauv tag nrho cov daim ntawv.

mechanisms ntawm glycolysis

Tus txheej txheem ntawm glycolysis - ib tug rau-carbon zib decomposition pyruvate li ob peb carbon molecules. Cov txheej txheem nws tus kheej yog muab faib ua 5 theem ntawm kev npaj thiab 5 theem, nyob rau hauv uas lub zog yog nyob rau hauv ATP.

Tus txheej txheem ntawm glycolysis 2 theem thiab 10 theem uas raws li nram no:

• Theem 1, theem 1 - glucose ntsev. Raws li ib tug sixth carbon atom ntawm cov zib nws tus kheej saccharide yog tshuab txais los ntawm ntsev.
• Kauj ruam 2 - Isomerization ntawm glucose-6-phosphate. Rau ntawm no theem catalytic fosfoglyukozoimeraza thim zib mus rau hauv fructose-6-phosphate.
• Kauj ruam 3 - Fructose-6-phosphate, thiab nws ntsev. Kauj ruam no yog lub tsim ntawm fructose-1,6-diphosphate (aldolase) los ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm phosphofructokinase-1, uas accompanies phosphoryl pab pawg neeg los ntawm adenosine triphosphate mus rau ib tug qauv ntawm fructose.
• Kauj ruam 4 - yog tus txheej txheem ntawm splitting cov aldolase tsim ob triose phosphate molecules, namely eldozy thiab ketose.
• Kauj ruam 5 - triose thiab isomerization. Rau ntawm no theem, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate yog xa mus rau lub tom ntej cov kauj ruam ntawm splitting piam thaj thiab dihydroxyacetone phosphate nyaij nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate los ntawm cov enzyme.
• Kauj ruam 2, kauj ruam 6 (1) - Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate thiab nws cov oxidation - cov kauj ruam nyob rau hauv uas lub molecule yog phosphorylated thiab oxidized rau 1,3-diphosphoglycerate.
• Kauj ruam 7 (2) - raws kev coj kom hloov phosphate pab pawg neeg kom ADP 1,3-diphosphoglycerate. Qhov kawg cov ntawm no lub theem yog cov tsim ntawm 3-phosphoglycerate thiab ATP.
• Kauj ruam 8 (3) - txoj kev hloov los ntawm 3-phosphoglycerate 2-phosphoglycerate. Qhov no txoj kev yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv tus ntawm mutase enzyme. A yuavtsum tau kawm uantej ntawm cov tshuaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog lub xub ntiag ntawm magnesium (Mg).
• Kauj ruam 9 (4) - 2 fosfoglitserta lub cev qhuav dej.
• Kauj ruam 10 (5) - nyob rau hauv PEP thiab ADP kis phosphates uas ua los ntawm lub tso cai ntawm lub yav dhau los theem. Zog yog pauv mus rau fosfoenulpirovata nrog ADP. Yuav kom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau ib tug poov tshuaj ion (K) thiab magnesium (Mg).

Mutated ntaub ntawv ntawm glycolysis

glycolysis txheej txheem yuav tsum tau nrog los ntawm ntxiv tiam ntawm 1,3 thiab 2,3-bifosfoglitseratov. 2,3-phosphoglycerate pawg lom catalyst yog tau rov qab mus thiab tsiv mus nyob glycolysis nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm 3-phosphoglycerate. Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm cov enzymes varied, e.g., 2,3-bifosfoglitserat ua nyob rau hauv cov qe ntshav liab ua pa kom dhau mus rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg, yooj yim dissociation thiab txo O ₂ affinity thiab erythrocytes.

Muaj ntau cov kab mob hloov qhov zoo ntawm glycolysis nyob rau ntau lub theem, txo lawv cov tag nrho cov, los yog Process lawv nyob rau hauv tus ntawm ntau yam enzymes. Ib tug me me ib feem ntawm cov anaerobes muaj lwm txoj kev carbohydrate degradation. Muaj ntau thermophiles tsis muaj tsuas 2 enzyme ntawm glycolysis, uas enolase thiab pyruvate kinase.

Glycogen thiab starch, disaccharides, thiab lwm yam ntawm monosaccharides

Aerobic glycolysis - ib tug txheej txheem yam ntxwv thiab lwm yam kev carbohydrate, tab sis yeej nws yog xam qhovkev nyob rau hauv cov hmoov txhuv nplej, glycogen, feem ntau disaccharides (Muñoz, galactose, fructose, sucrose, thiab lwm tus). Lub zog ntawm tag nrho cov hom ntawm carbohydrates muaj feem tswj generating zog, tab sis cov specifics tej zaum yuav txawv nws lub hom phiaj, siv thiab thiaj li nyob .. Piv txwv li, glycogen amenable glycogenesis tias nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, yog fosfoliticheskim mechanisms tswj generating zog nyob rau hauv lub splitting ntawm glycogen. Tus heev tib yam glycogen yuav muab cia rau hauv lub cev raws li ib tug thaub qab zog qhov twg los. Yog li, piv txwv li, qabzib, tau thaum lub sij hawm noj mov, tab sis tsis metabolized los ntawm lub paj hlwb, thiab sau nyob rau hauv daim siab yuav tsum tau siv nrog ib tug tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm zib nyob rau hauv lub cev los tiv thaiv tus neeg tiv thaiv loj failures homeostasis.

Lub ntsiab lus ntawm glycolysis

Glycolysis - ib tug tshwj xeeb, tab sis tsis yog tib hom oxidation ntawm zib nyob rau hauv lub cev, cell li prokaryotes thiab eukaryotes. Glycolytic enzymes yog dej-soluble. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv glycolysis nyob rau hauv ib co ntaub so ntswg thiab hlwb yuav tsuas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv no txoj kev, e.g., nyob rau hauv lub hlwb thiab mob hlwb, nephron. Lwm yam txoj kev oxidation ntawm zib yog tsis siv nyob rau hauv cov kabmob. Txawm li cas los, tsis yog txhua txhua tib lub zog ntawm glycolysis. Piv txwv li, roj thiab daim siab cov ntaub so ntswg thaum lub sij hawm kev zom extract cov kev tsim nyog substrates rau lub synthesis ntawm zib los ntawm cov roj. Muaj ntau cov nroj tsuag siv glycolysis raws li ib tug txoj kev mus rau lub ntsiab ib feem ntawm lub zog ntau lawm.