Geneva Convention: lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm siab zoo tsov rog

Lub Geneva Convention yog ib tug txheej ntawm losis tswvyim dabtsi cai ntawm kev cai lij choj los ntawm txhua lub xeev, tswj kev cai lij choj tiv thaiv rau cov neeg raug loj kev tsov kev rog thiab lub zos tsis sib haum (ob thoob ntiaj teb teev, thiab domestic xwm). Qhov no raws li txoj cai cov ntaub ntawv tseem yog lom zem ntau tsawg txheej txoj kev thiab txhais tau tias ntawm kev tsov kev rog, raws li nyob rau hauv lub chaw ntawm cov tib neeg thiab cov tib neeg. Lub Geneva Convention yog lom zem ntau hloov brutal guise ntawm tsov rog, ua rau nws civilized thiab siab zoo.

Lub keeb kwm ntawm tib neeg kev vam meej, thiab loj, peb yuav kawm txog cov keeb kwm ntawm lub loj loj tus naj npawb ntawm kev tsov kev rog ntawm cov zaubmov ntawm kev ua phem thiab bloodshed. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua suab mus nrhiav tsawg kawg yog ib xyoo pua, mus dispense nrog cov tub txheem powers thiab haiv neeg. Los ntawm lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm cov puas tawm xyoo dhau, thaum tsov rog pib mus nce unprecedented scale, loj thiab siab phem, thaum lub science nyob rau hauv symbiosis nrog hauj kev kawm twb nyob rau hauv ib txoj hauj lwm los muab cov tub rog barbarism ntawm loj kev puas tsuaj cuab yeej, muaj yog ib qho mob ceev yuav tsum tau tsim kom muaj xws li ib daim ntawv tseem ceeb li lub Geneva Convention. Nws tau streamlined lub kev sib raug zoo ntawm ob tog tom ntej confrontations thiab txo tus naj npawb ntawm pej xeem casualties.

Geneva Convention nyob rau hauv 1864, los ua tus thawj xws daim ntawv nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm, muaj ib tug nqi uas yog lus dag nyob rau hauv lub fact tias nws twb sawv multilateral daim ntawv cog lus qhib rau yeem accession los ntawm tag nrho cov teb chaws. Qhov no me me daim ntawv muaj tsuas ib tug kaum cov khoom pib thoob plaws hauv lub daim ntawv cog lus kev cai lij choj ua tsov ua rog, thiab tag nrho cov humanitarian thiab txoj cai ntawm kev cai lij choj nyob rau hauv lawv cov niaj hnub txhais lus.

Ob xyoos tom qab tus thawj Geneva Convention twb muaj, yog tias tej zaum kuv yuav hais li ntawd, ib tug kev cai raus dej ntawm hluav taws nyob rau hauv lub battlefields ntawm lub Austro-Prussian ua tsov ua rog. Prussia, uas yog ib tug ntawm cov thawj mus pom zoo no treaty, adhered mus rau nws kev cai. Lub Prussian Army muaj zoo-txawm peem rau tsev kho mob thiab cov Red Cross yog ib txwm muaj nyob qhov twg yuav tsum tau nws kev pab. Lwm yog qhov teeb meem no nyob rau hauv lub opposing camp. Austria tsis yog ib tug signatory rau lub convention, cia li muab lawv cov raug mob nyob rau hauv lub battlefield.

Lub hom phiaj ntawm lub tom ntej tshooj ntawm no thoob ntiaj teb treaty, raws li nyob rau hauv qhov kev paub ntawm yav dhau los kev tsov kev rog, yog tus tiv thaiv tsis tsuas yog ntawm cov cai ntawm cov neeg raug kaw ua tsov ua rog, tab sis kuj cov neeg uas tsis yog cov muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv hostilities (civilians thiab kev cai dab qhuas ua hauj lwm, kev kho mob neeg ua hauj lwm), raws li zoo raws li lub Nkoj Tawg Tas, muaj mob, raug mob, tsis hais uas ntawm lub warring ob tog lawv muaj. Tej yam khoom, xws li cov tsev kho mob, ambulances thiab ntau yam civil koom haum nkaus thiab, muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm cov khoom ntawm lub Geneva Convention thiab yuav tsis tau rov los ua ib tug arena sib ntaus sib tua.

Qhov no normative thoob ntiaj teb daim ntawv kuj qhia cov kev hais txwv tsis pub txoj kev mus ua rog. Nyob rau hauv kev, nws yuav tsis tso cai rau kev siv ntawm civilians rau cov tub rog lub hom phiaj, txwv tsis pub siv kev lom thiab tshuaj riam phom, anti-neeg mines. Ntxaum lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub Geneva Convention yog sim los xyuas kom meej ib tug tsim nyog nqi koj tshuav ntawm cov tub rog thiab tactical yuav tsum nyob rau hauv ib txhais tes thiab tib neeg nyob rau lwm yam. Nrog rau cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub qhov ntawm siv thiab Scope ntawm tsov rog muaj ib tug xav nyob rau hauv lub tshiab ib tsab ntawm tus Geneva Convention. Piv txwv li, raws li cov txheeb cais ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, tawm ntawm txhua txhua puas neeg raug wartime thiab yim caum-tsib yog civilians. Nyob rau hauv kev no siv rau cov bloodiest tsov rog nyob rau hauv keeb kwm - Ntiaj teb ua tsov ua rog II, thaum yuav luag txhua lub xeev, mus koom nyob rau hauv nws, tsis tsuas ua txhaum cov kev cai ntawm lub Geneva Convention, tiam sis tag nrho conceivable hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm universal morality.

Cov plaub Geneva cov rooj sib txoos ntawm 1949, ob tug ntxiv twg ntawm 1977, yog loj thiab multipage ntaub ntawv yog universal. Lawv kos npe rau 188 lub teb chaws ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias hais cov rooj sib txoos yog losis tswvyim dabtsi rau tag nrho cov xeev, txawm mus rau uas tsis yog-koom.