Etching - nws yog ib qhov txheej txheem? hom etching

Etching - ib yam ntawm cov kos duab prints, luam duab los ntawm lub kawg cliché. Classical engraving yog ib tug reprint ntawm ntoo, yas (linoleum) los yog ib tug acrylic khoom, txiav los ntawm ib tug cutter nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm tej qauv. Cov nab npawb ntawm cov impressions nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no xwb. Etching - ib tug woodcut, uas yog manufactured siv ib tug tshwj xeeb technology. Hauv plawv ntawm etching sau - hlau phaj, tooj liab, steel los yog zinc.

etching

Hlau phaj, billet cliché ua acidic tshuaj. Rau steel siv nitric acid, rau tooj liab - chloro reactant.

Cov hlau phaj ntawm haum loj yog polished mus rau ib tug ci, degreased thiab them nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb acid-resistant lacquer. Tom qab so qhuav, lub workpiece yog patterned, uas tej zaum yuav ntxhib thiab yuav tsum tau tom qab rework. Nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, cov duab yuav tau kiag li lawm. Nws tag nrho cov nyob rau cov nyiam ntawm tus tswv. Muaj ntau ntxias nrhiav tau tus tsim nyog fine-tuning ntawm ib tug cliché, tab sis ib txhia ntseeg tias muaj tseeb kos duab tsis yuav tsum tau rectified. Txawm li cas los, txoj kev no yog tsis tseem ceeb, tab sis zaum kawg tshwm sim. Txawm li cas los, etching - ib tug tiag tiag kos duab uas yuav tsum tau zoo kev txawj ob leeg nyob rau kev npaj thiab thaum lub sij hawm qhov kev npaj ntawm ncaj qha prints.

ua circuit Court

Tom qab printing rau ntawm qhov chaw seem tswv scratched nyias ntse koob tag nrho cov kab, tshem nrog acid-resistant txheej nyob rau hauv cov yam qhov chaw. Yog li lub hlau yuav raug muaj reagent tsuas yog nyob rau cov ntsiab lus qhov twg nws yog tsim nyog los ua tus so. Npaj proshtrihovannaya preform raus nyob rau hauv acid, thiab cov etching txheej txheem yuav pib. Da dej nrog cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau securely them los mus tiv thaiv splashing. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yog kom muab qhib lub chav tsev, yog li cov huab cua yog tsis feeb meej lom acid pa.

tshuaj ntaub ntawv

Etchings - yog ib tug complex txheej txheem uas yuav tsum tau tej yam tej yam kev mob los xyuas kom meej qhov muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov artist. Tsis Saib Xyuas ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev ntsuas yog tsis tau tso cai. Tshuaj ntaub ntawv no yog siv nyob rau hauv lub machining ntawm nws yog xim hlau workpieces rau etching, yog yus txaus, lawv tsis zoo los rau tus tib neeg lub cev yuav tsum tau kiag li neutralized, los yog tsawg kawg nyoog. Tom qab etching lub tiav lawm ncoo twb ntxuav nyob rau hauv khiav dej, thiab nrog nws scraping xim residues.

Tom ntej no, lub substrate yog thov rau tus number case uas nyob rau hauv tag nrho si nraum zoov. Tshaj number case yog muab tshem tawm los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub rwb. Ces etching board prints no yog los ntawm nias. Cov ntawv yog nias rau lub hauv paus ntawm lub siab imprint puv ntse thiab sib piv. Yog li, lub etching txheej txheem tso cai rau koj los mus tsim drawings ntawm tej complexity; thinnest kab, curls, dots thiab khawb saib heev organically. Yog hais tias cov xov tooj ntawm prints ntawm kaum thiab pua pua, lub cliché yog maj erased thiab loses zoo. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no nws yog tsim nyog los tsis tseg hloov lub rooj tsavxwm, dua npog nws nrog lacquer, thiab acid-etching mus tob zuj zus rau hauv daim duab.

printing ntaub ntawv

Cov hlau phaj ua paab, dua yav tag los pickling txheej txheem, tseem yuav siv tau ib tug xov tooj ntawm lub sij hawm. Txhua phaj yog ib tug printing phaj, uas ua rau etching prints. Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, qhov no artistic duab. Engraving etching yog suav tias yog ib qho ntawm feem nthuav ntaub ntawv ntawm cov kos duab. Nws yog tsim nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 16th caug xyoo.

muaj tswv yim ua tau

Nyob rau hauv 1515 tig mus rau tus txheej txheem ntawm etching tus naas ej neeg pleev kob Albrecht Dürer, nws cam hlau etching thwmsim tau pib ntawm ib tug era ntawm zoo engraving kos duab. Dürer ua ke lub creation ntawm lub classic engravings etchings, ob tug hom kev kawm tau ntev muaj ib tug sib npaug tus nqi nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm.

Italian cov neeg pleev kob Parmigianino, unsurpassed tswv ntawm etchings, tsa lawv rau cov nyob qib ntawm yeej muaj tseeb kos duab. Tom qab ntawd, lub Dutch neeg pleev kob Rembrandt ua nyob rau hauv cov dluab ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb kev ua si ntawm lub teeb thiab duab ntxoov ntxoo, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws pib xyaum re-etching, uas tau muab unprecedented tsuj taw qhov tob.

aquatint

Nyob rau hauv 1765, Fabkis cov neeg pleev kob Jean-Baptiste Leprens sab ib txheej txheem tshiab rau cov mos heev tones, reminiscent ntawm watercolor. Cov cuab yeej no yog hu ua "aquatint". Rau cov duab thawj zaug etched contour kis los ntawm khij txoj kev nakalyvaniya ces them ntaub qhwv to nyob rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj nti chaw rosin. Board rhuab, cov hmoov melted thiab them tus nto ntawm lub granular txheej. Kaj chaw tau tiav nyob rau hauv lub niaj zaus txoj kev. Aquatint feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv ua ke nrog nrog rau xim printing, ib tug yav dhau los tus tswv ntawm cov txheej txheem no yog pom tias yuav Francisco Goya, ib tug ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws-Etchers ntxias nyob rau hauv keeb kwm.

Zhak Kallo

Txij li thaum lub etching - yog ib tug yuav luag tsis paub kos duab, qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntxias ntawm lub 16-18th centuries sim los ua pov thawj rau lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv ib tug yooj yim ib hom ntawv nyeem. Txawm li cas los, txoj kev vam meej twb nrog los ntawm tsuas yog tus feem ntau feemxyuam. Ib qho ntawm feem nto moo masters ntawm etching rau hauv thaum ntxov 17th caug xyoo yog ib tug Fabkis txoj artist Zhak Kallo. Cov artist ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv grim realism style, nws nto moo tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm yog ib feem ntawm ib tug series ntawm "horrors ua tsov ua rog", thiab feem ntau eloquent tswv ntawm etching hu ua "Hung."

hom etching

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th engraving txheej txheem ntse siv nyob rau hauv iconography. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub Flemish tsev kawm ntawv ntawm painting, cov artist Anthony Van Deyk, los ua ib tug zoo etcher, xyaum tu yus dawb huv nuj nqis. etching kos duab tso cai rau kom ntes cov feem ntau hloov maj mam nuances ntawm iconic dluab.

Lwm yam yog qhov thiaj li hu ua tu tub tu kiv etching. Nws tau txais lub publisher. Zoo tag nrho cov illustrations nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv luam tawm thaum lub sij hawm lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm cov 18th pua, nws tau ua nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm etching. Qhov no Duab Style yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws haum rau kev sau ntawv tej hauj lwm. Nuj nqis tau yeeb yuj thiab zoo dhau essence ntawm zaj dab neeg. Technically etching lub sij hawm yog muaj, kuj pheej yig kom tau raws, thiab cov duab zoo tseem muaj ib theem siab.

Mezzotint - zoo ntawm cov feem ntau lub sij hawm-siv, tab sis zoo heev. Nws yog raws li nyob rau kev siv ntawm tones vim lub "graining" qhov chaw ntawm lub cliché. Tus me tshaj ua si nraum zoov muab roughness uas sau qhia du zaus los ntawm lub teeb rau tus duab ntxoo. Etchings ua nyob rau hauv lub caij ntawm mezzotint txawv velvety richness thiab ntxoov.

Cov "thawj" saib - heev artistic dluab uas tau los ntawm cov chaw nto moo tshaj plaws masters. Rau ntau ntxias, etching tau los ua ib tug zoo ntawm qhov hluav taws xob, los ntawm kev uas lawv muaj peev xwm kom siab twb paub lawm lawv muaj tswv yim ntshaw. Qhov tseem zoo heev engraver ntawm lub 18th xyoo pua yog suav tias yog lub Italian kes duab vajtse Giovanni Piranesi, ib tug sau ntawm ntau cov dluab ntawm Roman cityscapes thiab Antiques. Tsis muaj tsawg nto moo ntxias ntawm lub sij hawm twb etcher Giovanni Battista Tiepolo ,, Francisco Goya, Antuan Vatto, Canaletto, Fransua Bushe.

rebirth

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19 lub kos duab ntawm etching poob mus rau hauv disrepair, nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tus ntawm cov tsos ntawm cov printing technologies nyob rau hauv ib tug yeeb yuj yam. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua ntxias engravers reiterated tam sim no. Tshiab etchings tau tsis pom raws li ib tug hais lus piv txwv rau hauv phau ntawv tsab, lawv tau ua tag nrho-fledged tej hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab, artistic tiam sis nyob rau hauv daim ntawv. Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov xyoo pua 20th, lawv tau mus los ntawm ntau Fabkis painters xws li Charles-Fransua Dobini, Kamil Koro thiab lwm tus neeg. Nws tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm etching thiab Parisian Impressionist neeg pleev kob Edouard Manet. Ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab ntxias Engraving txheej txheem mastered Valentin Serov thiab Ivan Shishkin. American etcher yog Dzheyms Uistler, Swedish - Anders Zorn nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees tshaj cov ceev xwm txheej ua hauj lwm Adolf Mentsel.