Eastern lus cog tseg - ib tug ... Congenital malformations. Valvular mob plawv

Congenital - dab tsi yog qhov no? Lo lus teb rau lo lus nug no, koj yuav kawm tau los ntawm cov hais cov khoom. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, peb yuav qhia rau koj seb hom uas tsis xws luag nyob ua ib ke, vim li cas lawv tsim, thiab hais txog.

General ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv yug me nyuam tsis xws luag

Vice - yog txawv txav kev loj hlob, zoo li sau los ntawm tej deviations los ntawm lub cev (standard) rau hauv tus qauv ntawm tus tib neeg lub cev uas tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm me nyuam hauv plab kev loj hlob (tsawg postpartum).

Feem ntau, xws alterations yog tsim nyob rau hauv tus ntawm ntau yam sab nraud thiab sab hauv yam (e.g., hormonal ntshawv siab, caj, inferiority kab hlwb, kis kab mob, ionizing tawg, oxygen tsis txaus thiab thiaj li nyob.). Txij li thaum lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua, cov kws txawj pib mus pom ib tug tseem ceeb acceleration ntawm lub pathological kev hloov. Feem ntau cov me nyuam yug los tsis xws luag tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov neeg uas nyob rau hauv tsim lub teb chaws.

Tej zaum yog vim li cas

Nyob rau hauv 40-60% ntawm cov neeg tsis paub qhov ua rau ntawm hloov ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Tej cov neeg mob lub sij hawm siv, uas suab zoo li "thawm yug defect." Qhov no qhia hais txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm lo lus los yog tsis paub hais tias ua, raws li tau zoo raws li yuav raug txo rov tshwm sim ntawm ib tug yav tom ntej tiam.

Rau 20-25% ntawm cov neeg yug los tsis zoo yog tsim los ntawm lub "multi-tau" ua, uas yog ib tug uas txoj kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic tsis xws luag (feem ntau yog me me) los yog muaj tej yam ntawm ib puag ncig. 10-13% ntawm anomalies txog xwb rau tej kis. Thiab tsuas 12-25% uas tsis xws luag tsuas yog qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic txoj kev loj hlob ntawm qhov ua rau.

Yog li, peb xav txog nyob rau hauv ntau yam yog vim li cas tej yam neeg yog congenital malformations.

teratogen

Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov yam tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub tshuaj. Txawv teratogenic los nyob rau hauv hom sib txawv tej zaum yuav muaj feem xyuam rau metabolic nta suction muaj peev xwm ntawm ib yam khoom mus txeem lub tsho me nyuam thiab ri mus thoob lub cev.

Cov feem nrov thiab kawm teratogenic yam

Malformation yog feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv cov neeg uas muaj kev kawm rau cov nram no influences:

• Kis kab mob uas kis tau ntawm ib leej niam mus rau fetus. Ib tug ntau yam ntawm tej kab mob cov kab mob kis thaum lub sij hawm nyuam raws li kab mob ua qog, rubella los yog inklyuzionnaya cytomegaly, tej zaum yuav zoo ua rau kom txoj kev loj hlob kev kho raws.
• Haus dej cawv. Ntawm kev tseem ceeb yog lub alcoholism ntawm cov niam txiv, los yog es, nws niam. Haus dej haus cawv thaum lub sij hawm cev xeeb tub yuav tau yooj yim ua rau me nyuam hauv plab haus dej haus cawv syndrome.
• Ionizing tawg. Raug tej isotopes, raws li zoo raws li X-rays yuav muaj ib tug tsis zoo feem nyob rau kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic apparatus. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov tawg (ionizing) thiab muaj ib tug tshuaj lom nyhuv. Tias qhov no qhov tseeb yog qhov ua rau ntawm feem ntau congenital anomalies.
• Cov tshuaj. Rau hnub tim, muaj yog tsis muaj tej tshuaj uas yuav tau raug lees paub tias kev ruaj ntseg kiag rau lub fetus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub sij hawm thawj ob trimesters ntawm cev xeeb tub.
• Nicotine. Haus luam yeeb yav tom ntej leej niam (thaum lub sij hawm cev xeeb tub) yuav yooj yim heev ua rau lub fact tias tus me nyuam yuav poob qab nyob rau hauv lub cev txoj kev loj hlob.
• Nutrientnye tiv nujnqis. Qhov uas tsis muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov as-ham (e.g., iodine, myo-inositol, folate thiab thiaj li nyob.) Yog ib tug pov thawj uas muaj feem yuav ceeb rau congenital plawv tus kab mob thiab neural raj tsis xws luag.

Xav txog qhov no ntau anomaly yog ib lub plawv kho raws valve nyob rau hauv ntau dua kom meej.

lub plawv tsis xws luag

Lub plawv tus kab mob yog ib tug pathologic hloov valve, tsis muaj kev thoracic hlab ntsha, lub plawv phab ntsa, uas ua nyob rau hauv cuam tshuam cov ntshav ntawm tej zog. Nws yog sau tseg hais tias xws li hloov yuav yog kis tau los yog congenital.

Feem ntau cov feem ntau, tus vices ntawm lub plawv li qub tshwm sim vim ntev tiv thaiv kab mob kev sib ntaus los rog ntawm tib neeg lub cev nrog infiltrated rau hauv nws teeb meem microorganisms. Kev kho mob ntawm qhov hloov tus nqi nyiaj mus hloov lub natural, tab sis lub puas li qub, dag surgically.

Thaum tsim kho raws

Qhov no pathological phenomenon (txhua yam) yog feem ntau tsim nyob rau thaum lub sij hawm embryonic morphogenesis (ie, 3-10 lub lis piam). Qhov tseeb yog vim lub fact tias nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm no, ua txhaum cov txheej txheem ntawm tu tub tu kiv, ntau yam zoo, tsiv teb tsaws thiab cell tuag. Cov phenomena tshwm sim nyob rau hauv interstitial kua, intracellular, mezhorgannom, extracellular, hloov thiab cov ntaub so ntswg ntau ntau ntau.

uas twb muaj lawm hom

Congenital - yog lub broadest qeb, uas muaj xws li cov kev sib txawv heev tej yam kev mob ntawm me cev anomalies (eg, loj moles, birthmarks, etc ..) Yuav kom loj ua txhaum ntawm ib tug neeg lub nruab (eg, lub plawv valve tsis xws luag ntawm lub nqua, thiab thiaj li nyob.). Tseem muaj ua ke nrog kev txawv txav uas cuam tshuam ob peb qhov chaw ntawm lub cev ib txhij. Tsis xws luag nyob rau hauv metabolism kuj xam tau tias yog congenital.

Nyob rau hauv kev kho mob xyaum, muaj peb theem pib hom ntawm yug:

• inborn uas tsis metabolism;
• congenital lub cev anomaly;
• lwm yam kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic tsis xws luag.

zaus ntawm tshwm sim

Long-term kev tshawb fawb ntawm congenital anomalies tau qhia hais tias ib tug los yog lwm yam malformation ntawm lub fetus tshwm thaum lub zaus, nyob ntawm seb tus txiv neej pw ntawm tus me nyuam. Piv txwv li, clavate nres thiab pyloric stenosis muaj ntau ntau nyob rau hauv cov tub hluas, thiab congenital hip dislocation - nyob rau hauv cov ntxhais.

Cov me nyuam uas yug los nrog ib tug lub raum, thiab ntau cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub zog txiv neej pw. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias feem ntau ntawm cov anomalies, raws li tshaj xov tooj ntawm tav, cov hniav, pob txha caj qaum thiab lwm yam kabmob, muaj nyob ntawm cov me nyuam mos cov ntxhais.

Daim ntawv teev cov malformations

Niaj hnub no, muaj ntau ntau yam tsis xws luag. Feem ntau cov feem ntau lawv nrhiav tau thaum lub sij hawm ib tug ultrasound niam txoj kev tshawb fawb. Yog hais tias ib tug anomaly yog loj txaus, tus poj niam muaj cai lub cev xeeb tub. Qhov no yog vim feem ntau mus rau lub fact tias tus me nyuam yuav yug tag nrho nws lub neej nyob rau kev pheej hmoo, thiab xav tias ua tsis (nyob ntawm seb lub hom abnormality).

Cia xyuas ua ke li cas malformations tshwm sim:

• aortic defect;
• atresia ntawm lub jejunum ;
• agenesis ntawm lub ntsws;
• acrania;
• ob sab sib dho raum agenesis;
• anencephaly;
• congenital dislocation ntawm lub duav;
• unilateral raum agenesis;
• esophageal atresia;
• congenital cloaca;
• albinism;
• Association VACTERL;
• aplasia ntawm lub ntsws;
• cleft palate;
• qhov quav atresia;
• clavate nres;
• Down syndrome ;
• congenital cretinism;
• congenital megacolon;
• congenital plawv kab mob;
• hydrocephalus;
• hernia;
• hypoplasia ntawm lub ntsws;
• esophageal diverticulum;
• syndactyly;
• polysomes los ntawm X-chromosome;
• Meckel lub diverticulum;
• Patau syndrome ;
• cleft di ncauj;
• polysolid;
• Klinefelter lub syndrome;
• cryptorchidism;
• malformations ntawm kev sib deev kabmob;
• clubfoot;
• Klippel-feil syndrome;
• megacolon;
• CRI du sib tham;
• microcephaly;
• Turner lub syndrome;
• hypoplasia ntawm lub femur thiab tibia cov pob txha;
• me nyuam hauv plab haus dej haus cawv syndrome;
• omphalocele;
• txha caj hernia;
• fibrodisplations;
• pyloric stenosis;
• polydactyly;
• Edwards syndrome ;
• synophtalmia;
• exencephalocele;
• exstrophy ntawm lub zais zis;
• epispadias;
• ectrodactyly.

Yuav kom saib lub ntsab lug

Raws li koj tau pom, muaj ib tug heev heev ntawm yug tsis xws luag uas tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub fetus nyob rau hauv utero txoj kev loj hlob. Yuav kom tsis txhob muaj cov tshwm sim ntawm tej kev txawv txav nyob rau hauv lawv tus me nyuam lawm yav tom ntej cov niam txiv yuav tsum tsis txhob raug tus kab mob rau cov yam tseem ceeb pab rau lawv kev kawm ntawv. Yog li, yav tom ntej leej niam thiab txiv, nws yog pom zoo kom muab haus cawv rau 6-9 lub hlis ua ntej conception, thiab tsis txhob siv lawv thaum lub sij hawm cev xeeb tub (rau cov poj niam). Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, koj yuav tsum tau txiav luam yeeb haus luam yeeb, tsis txhob muaj cov chaw uas tej zaum yuav muaj ionizing tawg, tsis txhob noj cov tshuaj, tsis kho los ntawm tus kws kho mob ntau zaus yuav tawm sab nraud thiab noj tag nrho cov tsim nyog vitamins thiab minerals.