Diethyl ether - siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj

Esters ntawm - hloov khoom ntawm Hydrogen atom ntawm lub hydroxyl pab pawg neeg nyob rau hauv alcohols los yog phenols carbon radical R: R1-O-R2. Diethyl ether - cov mis H3C-O-CH3. Rau cov raug ester isomerism hydrocarbon saw thiab metamerism. Tus thawj hom isomerism vim branched hydrocarbon saw. Metamerism - hom isomerism nyob rau hauv uas ob los sis ntau ester muaj tib lub molecular mis, tab sis ib tug txawv molecular qauv, vim qhov sib txawv radicals rau ob tog ntawm lub oxygen "choj".

Diethyl ether: muab

Ethers yog npaj synthetically (nyob rau hauv cov xwm lawv tsis tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub dawb lub xeev). Coj los ua ke esters yuav siv ob peb txoj kev: lub cev qhuav dej ntawm alcohols siv mineral acids, alcoholates ntawm reacting nrog lub halogen alkyl. Dimethyl thiab methyl ethyl esters yog gaseous lub xeev, lub tom ntej no ob peb cov neeg sawv cev - lub ntsiab, ntau dua - khib nyiab. Esters ntawm tsis zoo soluble nyob rau hauv cov dej, tiam sis nkag nyob rau hauv cov organic solvents, thiab hauv nruab nrab cov neeg sawv cev (diethyl ether, dipropyl ether, thiab propyl) - zoo heev organic solvents. Lub cev thaj chaw ntawm lawv tej zaum yuav txawv nyob ntawm seb lub molecular ceeb thawj. Diethyl ether yog zoo tov nrog ib tug dej cawv, chloroform, benzene, ether, thiab fatty roj. Thaum ua txhaum ester cia tej yam kev mob yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub heev thiab lom tebchaw - hydroperoxides.

Diethyl ether siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj. Nws yog siv rau nqus tau pa tshuaj loog. Qhov no hom yog yus muaj los ntawm ib tug qhia tau tshuaj loog excitation kauj ruam (amplified mob kev ua si, tsub kom vascular laus, txais catecholamine feem, lub concentration ntawm qab zib nyob rau hauv cov ntshav nce, pyruvic acid thiab lactate, yog inhibited secretory thiab lub cev muaj zog cov kev ua ntawm cov hnyuv). Thov tsum paub hais tias thaum uas siv cov hom ntawm ether tshuaj loog tshwm sim maj mam, nws yog ntau heev tsim nyog los soj ntsuam cov muaj zog arousal thiab lub cev muaj zog ua si. Ib tug ua kom tsaug zog muaj ib tug multifaceted ntxim rau cov tib neeg lub cev (nqaij relaxant, analgesic thiab narcotic).

Local Action ester manifested raws li stimulation ntawm cov hlab txoj, uas tus neeg mob muaj kev ib tug txias nyhuv. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, tej zaum nws yog siv rau hauv ib tug lub cev muaj zog los tswj cov pais plab kom, thiab subcutaneous - rau excitation ntawm cov reflex ua tsis taus pa thiab txhim kho kev. Nqus tau pa khub ester thab plaub hauv txoj hlab pa uas ua rau lub thawj reflex inhibition ntawm kev ua pa, ces qhib lub tso pa tawm ntawm bronchial qog. Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm rau ib tug nqus tau pa tshuaj loog diethyl ether twb siv los ntawm tus neeg zoo tshaj Lavxias teb sab kws phais neeg NI Pirogov, founder ntawm daim teb kev phais, thaum lub sij hawm lub Crimean ua tsov ua rog (1853-1856 gg.).

Diethyl ether yog nkag absorbed txheej nyias nyias ntawm lub pa ib ntsuj av tau, tab sis ua tiav tshuaj loog los tom qab tshaj nrog chloroform. Narcotic nyhuv manifested tsuas los ntawm nqus tau pa ntawm 5-8% ethyl ether vapor thiab tag nrho tshuaj loog tshwm sim tsis pub dhau 30 feeb ntawm nqus tau pa ntawm 10% ntawm cov sib tov. Narcotic nyhuv ntawm cov tshuaj yog ib tug concentration ntawm los ntawm 110 rau 150 mg ib 100 ml ntawm cov ntshav, ua pa tuag tes tuag taw tshwm sim nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm 200 mg / 100 ml ntawm cov ntshav. Tag nrho cov toxicity ether tseem ceeb txaus. Licas los ntawm tshuaj loog tshwm sim tom qab 20-40 feeb tom qab cessation ntawm nqus tau pa ntawm ether, tab sis mus rau li qub lub cev los cia li ob peb teev. Muab ether pa ib ntsuj av tau thiab ob lub raum. Kwv yees li 50% ntawm tag nrho cov nyiaj tas rau hauv lub cev thaum lub sij hawm thawj 30-60 feeb tom qab lub tshuaj loog. Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias ib co ntawm cov khoom ntawm hydrolysis ntawm diethyl ether yuav laus nyob rau hauv triglycerides thiab lwm yam lipids mus rau ob peb hnub.