Dej nyab kev tshwm sim. Ceeb toom rau pej xeem txog cov xwm txheej ceev

Nws yuav tsum tau pib nrog lub ntsiab txhais ntawm dej nyab. Nws yog ib qho aqueous theem hom dej. Qhov no periodic luv luv-term raising ntawm cov dej theem nyob rau hauv tus dej ntws, uas yog tshwm sim los ntawm ib tug muaj zog melting ntawm glaciers, daus, ntau ntau los nag.

Lub ntsiab sib txawv ntawm cov dej los ntawm dej nyab - lub sij hawm ntawm tshwm sim, namely - thaum twg lub sij hawm ntawm lub xyoo. Tshaj dej nyab yuav ua tau kom dej nyab. Nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm nws txav dej nyab tsis tsim los ntawm cov hav dej.

Cov dej nyab kev ruaj?

Lawv ntshai ua ib qhov teeb meem ntawm lub teb chaws tseem ceeb, raws li nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm lawv tshwm sim ob peb puas koom kilometers nrog / agricultural av, txhiab hozpostroek txhua xyoo muaj pheej hmoo ntawm lwm cov dej nyab. Yog hais tias natural disasters muaj peev xwm tsis tsum lom zem ntau tawmtsam niaj hnub siv tshuab thiab cov kev kho nyob rau hauv science, lub txim uas yuav ua rau enormous khoom puas tsuaj, txawm tsis ntawm lub neej.

dej nyab kev tiv thaiv

Ntuj, nyem, tej yam ntuj tso txoj kev ntawm kev tiv thaiv yog tsis txaus rau counter lub influx ntawm cov dej. Yuav ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm ib cheeb tsam uas nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw uas cov neeg uas dej nyab los, thov tag nrho cov xaiv ntawm cov designs uas yuav tiv thaiv nws.

Cov nram qab no dej nyab kev tiv thaiv:

1. Fortification System.
2. Lub koom haum basins uas khaws cov dej.
3. Siv cov kev faib ntawm dams.

Yog vaj tse - ib feem ntawm lub infrastructure, lub ntuj toj roob hauv pes, cityscape.

Nthuav dej nyab txheej xwm koom nrog tseem ceeb nyiaj txiag peev. Nyob rau hauv no kev twb kev txuas, yeej ib txwm nws tseem yog ib tug topical qhov teeb meem hais txog cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem rau qhov teeb meem, uas yuav muab ua hauj lwm efficiency nrog economic kom zoo dua. Optimum piv txwv - puas dowels. Lawv siv tso cai rau kom tau lees tias yog ib qhov kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv tej yam ntuj tso kev puas tsuaj xws li dej nyab, thaum tswj ib tug pristine toj roob hauv pes (tua lug tsis tuaj kawm ntawv).

Dej nyab kev tiv thaiv: ntsuas

Nyob rau hauv cov tej yam kev mob, lub ntsiab hauj lwm ntawm tag nrho cov theem ntawm tsoom fwv thiab lub zos nws tus kheej-tsoom fwv, thiab pej xeem administrations, kev puas tsuaj - kev tiv thaiv (nrhiav) cov teebmeem ntawm dej nyab, kom ntseeg tau kev tiv thaiv ntawm ob cov pej xeem thiab tus tseem ceeb economic chaw.

Dej nyab kev tiv thaiv yog ua tiav los ntawm adopting uas tsim nyog ntsuas, uas yog muab faib mus rau hauv kev (tiv thaiv) thiab ua hauj lwm zoo (ceev). Cov yav tas feem ntau tsis daws tau tag nrho cov teeb meem, lawv yuav tsum tau nyob ua ke nrog rau cov kev. Cov yav tas muaj ib tug tiv thaiv kev cim. Yuav kom siv lawv yuav tsum ua tus tsim, kev tsim kho Tshwj xeeb Lug, uas koom nrog tseem ceeb cov ntaub ntawv uas cov nqi.

Kev ntsuas dej nyab tswj

Cov muaj xws li:

• ntws kev cai rau ntawm tus dej txaj;
• obvalivanie;
• Dej nyab dej qhov hluav taws xob;
• dredging, wires ntawm cov hav dej txaj;
• kev cai rau spillways runoff;
• kev siv ntawm tshwj xeeb hydropower sib;
• txwv siv nyob rau hauv qhov chaw xav tias dej nyab;
• ntaub pua chaw pw, thiab lwm yam zastraivaemogo feem.

Yav tag los kev ntawm cov kev ua ub nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws lawm hais tias lub feem ntau txhim khu kev qha kev tiv thaiv cheeb tsam (floodplain) ntawm lub dej nyab raws li zoo raws li ib tug tseem ceeb nyiaj txiag nyhuv yuav ua tau tiav xwb los ntawm kev siv ntau yam kev ua ub no: active kev tiv thaiv kev ntsuas (kev cai ntawm runoff), passive (ruslouglublenie, obvalivanie thiab PR.).

Yam influencing cov kev xaiv ntawm txhais tau tias kev tiv thaiv

Muaj tsawg kawg yog rau:

• lub hydraulic tsoom fwv ntawm lub watercourse;
• geotechnical, hydrogeological tej yam kev mob;
• qhov chaw ntawm economic chaw, kev kawm mus rau dej nyab;
• topography;
• nyob rau ntawm engineering lug nyob rau hauv dej nyab tiaj thiab nyob rau hauv kab (dams, txoj kev, dams, txuas hniav, intakes, etc ..).

Ntsiab chaw rau kev txiav txim nyob rau hauv cov kev hem thawj ntawm dej nyab

Lawv yog:

1. Analysis ntawm qhov teeb meem no nrog nrhiav kom tau qhov chaw kwv yees cov sij hawm poob dej nyab.
2. Ntsuam xyuas ntawm tus liam scale ntawm dej nyab.
3. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev ntsuas kom tiv thaiv tau nws.
4. Planning, npaj cawm haujlwm rau hauv ib ncig ntawm qhov raug iab liam dej nyab.
5. Nqa tawm anti-dej nyab ntsuas.

Feem ntau cov feem ntau, txhua qib neeg hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm tsoom fwv hauv zos tsim dej nyab commission, lawv chairmen yog feem ntau yog lub 1 deputy ntawm lub hau ntawm Administration.

dej nyab Commission

Lawv yog cov nyob rau hauv cov kev hem thawj ntawm dej nyab khiav lag luam nyob rau hauv standby hom. Cov nqe kev nram qab no dej nyab kev tiv thaiv:

1. Round lub moos xyuas ntawm dej nyab teeb meem no nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub luag hauj lwm uas txuas mus rau tus ncej siv Roshydromet tus kheej pom.
2. Tswj qhov kev sib txuas lus, cov kev pauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nrog lub Commission rau Xwm Ceev, ua hauj lwm zoo luag hauj lwm pej xeem administrations, kev puas tsuaj.
3. Ua kev kawm nyob rau hauv dej nyab xai, lub koom haum kev kawm neeg yuav ua li cas coj, ua thaum lub sij hawm los dej nyab.
4. Xa lus ceeb toom mus rau lub siab dua cov tub ceev xwm.
5. Meej, kho protivopavodnyh txiav txim kev pab them nqi, raws li nyob rau hauv lub prevailing teeb meem no.
6. Raws li qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub taub hau ntawm lub tsoom fwv hauv zos lub koom haum ua rau lub luag hauj thawm niaj thawm lub moos cawm dag zog, nyiaj.
7. Tshe qhov chaw ntawm ib ntus tos ntawm cov neeg nyob uas nws tsev dej nyab, rhuav tshem cov koom haum ntawm txoj kev kawm ntawm pej xeem vaj tse (clubs, cov tsev kawm ntawv), tsev pheebsuab camps rau ib lub tsev neeg khiav tsev nyob rau hauv lawv.
8. Tsim ib txoj kev khiav lawv.
9. Nws muab rau neeg khiav tsev nrog tag nrho cov tsim nyog.
10. Sib haum nrog cov hwv lub cev ntawm Lavxias teb sab sab hauv Ministry, tsoom fwv hauv zos hais txog cov kev tiv thaiv ntawm tej khoom, uas yog nyob rau hauv lub flooded cheeb tsam.
11. Lub koom haum ntawm lub moos luag hauj lwm ntawm saib xyuas rau cov dej theem kev hloov nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov qhov chaw ntawm dej nyab.
12. Kev Koom Tes nyob rau hauv lub koom haum, cov khoom lug es tsis txhob ntawm dej nyab txoj kev.
13. Control ntawm strengthening lub twb lub tsev dams obvalivany, qhov kev siv ntawm cov tshiab sawv daws yuav.
14. Lub koom haum, txij nkawm kev sis raug zoo nrog cov Lavxias teb sab Ministry ntawm kws muaj txuj ci, Ministry of Internal Affairs ntawm Russia cov pawg ntawm Roshydromet, rau tagnrho-Lavxias teb sab muaj teeb meem loj tshuaj Service.

Leej twg cov pejxeem: essence, hom kev kis tau tus mob

Raws li ib tug pab tau nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm thaum muaj xwm ceev tshwm sim ntawm ntshai ntawm cov pejxeem. Twv seb lub sij hawm ntawm xws sentiments ntawm cov loj loj ntawm cov pejxeem yog heev yooj yim, lawv txhawb ntxiv rau tsis zoo los ntawm kev puas tsuaj.

Yuav kom txo tau lawv, thiab lub koom haum kev ua ub no aimed ntawm kom lub livelihoods ntawm cov neeg, infrastructure, kev koom Alarms nkag kis tau rau hauv ua ntej, thiab cov txheej txheem qhia txog lawv.

Ceeb toom rau pej xeem txog cov xwm txheej ceev - nws ceeb toom txog cov tab tom yuav muaj dej nyab (av qeeg txhua, hav zoov hluav taws kub, etc ..), Lub kis tau tus mob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov kev huam yuaj, kev puas tsuaj. Rau lub hom phiaj no, thov tag nrho lub uas twb muaj lawm txhais tau tias ntawm wired xov tooj cua thiab TV sib txuas lus.

Nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws yog thoob plaws txaus zoo Broadcasting Network. Broadcasting units yog muaj nyob rau hauv tag nrho lub zos, loj zos. Ntau tshaj ib nrab ntawm cov Enterprises, cov tsev kawm ntawv, s / s khoom yog lub zos broadcasting chaw. Cov no yog complemented los ntawm ib tug haib system ntawm hwv, regional, lub teb chaws TV chaw zov me nyuam, repeaters, thiab hauv zos tshaj tawm hauv xov noj.

Ceeb toom rau pej xeem txog cov xwm txheej ceev los ntawm sirens, hlau broadcasting tes hauj lwm tshaj tawm hauv xov rau 2-3 feeb.

Cov yav tas los yog npaj xa ib lub teeb liab "Attention tag nrho!" Pejxeem. Qhov no teeb liab tau attracted tus neeg lub xim rau qhov yuav tsum tau mus mloog ntxiv yooj yim, thaum muaj xwm ceev qhia Pib ntsais koj teeb rau cov mus. Nws kav tsis muaj ntau tshaj li 165 vib nas this.

Rau lub hom phiaj no, nws yuav siv tau thiab whistles tsheb lag luam. Tsis tas li ntawd heev zoo txhais tau tias ntawm leej twg cov pej xeem nyob sab nraum lub tsev - sab nraum zoov tham.

Nyob deb nroog Settlement: dej nyab kev tiv thaiv kev ntsuas

Feem ntau cov dej nyab nyab, dej nyab yog tau twv seb, txo losses los ntawm lawv. Yuav kom qhov no kawg, lub nram qab no dej nyab txheej xwm nyob rau hauv uas nyob deb nroog qhov chaw:

• tsim dej nyab Committee yuav xyuas dams, weirs, tag nrho cov hom ntawm tsis heev pes tsawg riam phom;
• Nws kuj qhia rau cov pej xeem hais txog cov tab tom yuav kev hem thawj;
• Yog hais tias tsim nyog, dej nyab Commission deploys engineering (piv txwv li, ua embankment, khawb tshwj xeeb kua raws, thiab lwm yam);
• nws qhia txog txoj kev ntawm kev khiav tawm.

Siv qhov chaw: dej nyab kev tiv thaiv kev ntsuas

Ib tug dej nyab los mus siv tus cawm cawm teams siv, uas yog nruab nrog txoj kev flotation. Lawv ua kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov neeg raug, cov neeg ntes tau nyob rau hauv dej nyab tsam, muab lawv nrog pab, khiav tawm lawv rau kev ruaj ntseg qhov chaw. Nws yog tam sim no tau twv seb qhov pib ntawm lub dej nyab lub sij hawm, nws tus cwj pwm, thiab ces npaj qhov tsim nyog precautionary ntsuas.

Tag nrho cov dej nyab tswj ntsuas ntawm qhov kev siv kawm ntawv yuav tsum tau muab nyob rau ntawm lub tus tsim theem ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm ib tug kwv. Nws ua dams, ib ntus tshwj xeeb fencing jumper rau lub txuas ntxiv siv ntawm lub ntsiab vaj tse ntawm ib yam taw tes. Rau txhua lub taub hau ib lub zuj zus tas cheeb tsam ntawm lub luag hauj lwm. Nws yuav tsum tau nqa tawm moos xyuas dej nqa.

Loj ntawm cov nyiaj rau dej nyab kev tiv thaiv yog teem rau lub hauv paus ntawm tej ntaub ntawv coj mus rau hauv peb tes num rau kev tsim kho. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas, yog tias koj xav mus nqa tawm dej nyab tswj ntsuas ntawm qhov kev siv qhov chaw, cov nyiaj rau cov hom phiaj yuav tsum tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm tus nqi kwv yees ntawm peb tes num cov ntaub ntawv.