Cov T-80U nrog ib tug roj turbine engine: thiab ib tug roj specifications

Nws thiaj li tau tshwm sim hais tias yuav luag tag nrho cov ntawm cov MBT (ntsiab sib ntaus sib tua tso tsheb hlau luam) ntawm lub ntiaj teb no muaj ib tug diesel cav. Tsuas muaj ob zam: lub T-80U thiab "Abrams". Yuav ua li cas xav txog kev teem coj los ntawm Soviet tshwj xeeb, txoj kev kom tus naas ej "vosmidesyatki", thiab dab tsi yog lub zeem muag ntawm no tshuab tam sim no?

Yuav ua li cas nws tag nrho cov pib?

Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm domestic T-80U twb tso tawm nyob rau hauv 1976, thiab nyob rau hauv 1980 nws "Abrams" tsim lub Americans. Kom txog rau thaum tam sim no, tsuas yog Russia thiab lub tebchaws United States yog armed nrog tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm ib tug roj turbine fais fab nroj tsuag. Ukraine tsis coj mus rau hauv tus account, vim hais tias muaj no xwb armed nrog T-80UD, lub diesel version ntawm tus naas ej "vosmidesyatok".

Nws tag nrho cov pib nyob rau hauv 1932 thaum lub tsim chaw ua hauj lwm teej tug Kirov Hoobkas tau raug tsa nyob rau hauv lub USSR. Nws twb nyob rau hauv nws lub siab tau yug los rau lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsim ib fundamentally tshiab tank nruab nrog ib tug roj turbine fais fab nroj tsuag. Nws yog los ntawm qhov kev txiav txim depended rau ntawm zoo li cas ntawm cov roj tank T-80U yuav siv nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej: ib tug pa diesel los yog kerosene.

Lub npe nrov designer zh. Ya. Kotin, uas ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub layout formidable ISov, nyob ib lub sij hawm xav txog kev tsim ib tug ntau haib thiab zoo dua armed tsheb. Yog vim li cas ces nws muab nws lub xim rau cov roj turbine cav? Qhov tseeb hais tias nws npaj mus ua ib tug tank uas nyob rau hauv ntau ntawm 55-60 tons rau ib qho kev mus ncig ntawm lub cev muaj zog uas yuav tsum tau muaj peev xwm ntawm tsis tsawg tshaj li 1,000 litres. ib tug. Nyob rau hauv cov xyoo ntawm xws diesel xyaw yuav tsuas npau suav. Uas yog vim li cas, thiab muaj lub tswv yim ntawm txoj aviation thiab shipbuilding yees (ie SDT) nyob rau hauv lub tank.

Twb tau nyob rau 1955, ua hauj lwm pib nyob rau hauv ob pheej kuaj tau tsim. Tab sis nws los ua tseeb hais tias cov engineers ntawm lub Kirov tsob nroj, ua ntej xwb tsim xyaw rau ships, tsis to taub kev siv technology tshiab ua hauj lwm. Cov ua hauj lwm twb txiav, thiab ces kiag li lawm, raws li N. S. Hruschev kiag li "screwed up" rau tag nrho cov kev loj hlob ntawm hnyav tso tsheb hlau luam. Yog li ntawd nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm tshwm sim rau lub T-80U, lub cav uas yog tshwj xeeb, nws twb tsis yog yuav tsum tau.

Txawm li cas los, dag liam Nikita Sergeyevich, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no nws tsis yog tsim nyog: thaum uas tig mus rau nws tau tau pom hais tias thiab yav tom ntej diesel xyaw, tiv thaiv uas frankly ntsia heev crude GTD maloobeschayusche. Kuv yuav hais tias, yog hais tias tus "sau npe" nyob rau hauv cov tank, qhov no cav yuav tsuas mus rau hauv lub 80s ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo, thiab txawm hnub no xws hwj chim rau lwm nyob rau hauv ntau cov tub rog tus cwj pwm tsis yog heev ci. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias muaj ntau heev hom phiaj vim li cas.

txuas ntxiv

Txhua yam hloov tom qab lub creation ntawm lub ntiaj teb no tus thawj MBT, Kojima los ua tus T-64. Tsis ntev, qhov designers pom tau hais tias qhov ntau zoo meej lub tank yuav ua raws li nws ... Tab sis qhov teeb meem yog cov stringent uas yuav tsum tau muab tso rau pem hauv ntej los ntawm lub teb chaws tus coj noj coj: nws yuav tsum tau raws li koom nrog cov uas twb muaj lawm cov cav tov, tsis pub tshaj lawv loj, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm yuav tau yuav tsum tau siv raws li ib tug txhais tau tias "dhia caws qia yam hauv cov lus Askiv Channel."

Thiab ces tag nrho cov tshaj dua nco ntsoov txog cov SDT, raws li ib tug ib txwm powerplant T-64 twb lub sij hawm uas yuav tsum tau xav zoo ib yam. Nws yog ces Ustinov txiav txim siab los ua ib tug T-80U. Lub ntsiab roj thiab lub cav ntawm tus tshiab tank yuav tsum tau txhawb nws raws li ib tug high-ceev yam ntxwv.

cov teeb meem ces yuav tsum

Ib tug lossis loj teeb meem yog hais tias tus tshiab powerplant nrog cua tshuaj yuav tsum tau mus ua cas kom haum raws li tus qauv MTO T-64A. Ntxiv mus, lub Commission yuav tsum tau thaiv system: nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, lub cav twb yuav tau ua kom nws yuav tsum muab tshem tawm tag nrho thiab hloov nrog ib tug tshiab nyob rau hauv kev kho. Yog tsis muaj kev siv nyiaj, ntawm chav kawm, ib tug ntau lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv nws. Thiab yog hais tias ib tus compact GTE nws yog tus yooj yim, cov huab cua tu cev engineers muab ib tug ntau ntawm mob taub hau.

Tab sis qhov no system yog tseem ceeb heev, txawm rau cov diesel tank, tsis hais nws cov roj turbine analogue rau T-80U. Txawm zoo ntawm cov roj siv, cov hniav turbine cog slag thiab instantly plastered implode yog hais tias tus cua nkag mus rau hauv lub combustion chamber yuav tsis tau txaus ntxuav ntawm impurities contaminating nws.

Nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov hais tias tias tag nrho cov cav designers nrhiav kev los xyuas kom meej tias cov huab cua yuav nkag mus kawm rau hauv lub thooj voos kheej kheej los yog ua hauj lwm rau hauv lub turbine chamber tau ntxuav los ntawm hmoov av los ntawm 100%. Thiab lawv yog cov yooj yim rau to taub, li tej hmoov av cia devours lub insides ntawm lub cav. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nws ua raws li ib tug zoo ntwav txhuam ntoo.

prototypes

Nyob rau hauv 1963, lub hais tsis zoo Morozov twb tsim tsab ntawm tus T-64T, uas twb ntsia roj turbine engine nrog ib tug coj tus muaj peev xwm ntawm 700 liters. ib tug. Twb tau nyob rau xyoo 1964, designers los ntawm Tagil, ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm haujlwm uas yog COy Kartseva tsim ib tug ntau npaum li cas rau pem hauv ntej-tom nrhiav cav, uas yuav muaj tau muab 800 "nees".

Tab sis lub designers, nyob rau hauv Kharkov, thiab nyob rau hauv Nizhny Tagil, kev nyuaj siab nrog ib tug complex set ntawm kev teeb meem, vim hais tias ntawm uas tus thawj Lavxias teb sab tso tsheb hlau luam nrog roj turbine engine yuav tshwm sim xwb nyob rau hauv lub 80s. Nws thiaj li zoo tiag tiag engine tau txais tsuas yog ib lub T-80U. Roj siv rau nws cov mos txwv mov, kuj piv favorably rau lub cev muaj zog los ntawm thaum ntxov prototypes, raws li cov tank yuav siv tag nrho cov hom ntawm cov pa diesel roj.

Peb tsis ntawd pleev xim rau hmoov av saum toj no yam, txij thaum nws yog ib tug teeb meem ntawm zoo huab cua purification tau ua cov feem ntau nyuaj. Lub engineers muaj ib tug yawm kev nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm turbines rau helicopters, xyaw ... tab sis helicopters ua tsis tu ncua, thiab cov lus nug ntawm plua plav cua muaj kuab paug nyob rau qhov siab ntawm lawv ua hauj lwm tsis sawv ntsug nyob rau tag nrho cov. Nyob rau hauv dav dav, lub chaw ua hauj lwm tau txuas ntxiv (oddly txaus) nrog cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Khrushchev, Breda missile tank.

Qhov tseem "zaum" yog ib qhov project ntawm "zaj." Vim nws tau yog tseem ceeb heev rau high-fais fab cav.

sim khoom

Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, nws tsis yog li ntawd nws yog tsis raws li ib qho tseem ceeb rau tej tshuab tau ntau zog muaj, compactness thiab tsawg silhouette. Nyob rau hauv 1966, lub designers txiav txim siab mus rau lwm txoj kev thiab qhia rau cov pej xeem rau ib tug tsav project, lub plawv uas muaj ib zaug ob GTD-350, muab, raws li nws yog ib qho yooj yim to taub, 700 liters. ib tug. Fais fab nroj tsuag ua nyob rau hauv lub NPO. V. Ya. Klimova, uas los ntawm lub sij hawm uas muaj txaus tej tub txawg koom nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm turbines rau aircraft thiab ships. Lawv los ntawm thiab loj, thiab tsim lub T-80U, lub cav uas rau nws lub sij hawm yog tus tiag nws txoj kev loj hlob.

Tab sis nws sai sai no los ua tseeb hais tias txawm ib tug GTD - yog ib tug tham thiab es capricious, thiab txawm tias lawv txim thiab tsis muaj kiag li tsis muaj zoo dua tshaj pa ib-daim Circuit Court. Thiab yog li ntawd los ntawm 1968 nws tau raug muab ib qho hauj lwm tsim tej kev cai ntawm lub tsoom fwv thiab lub USSR Ministry ntawm kws muaj txuj ci rau rov pib dua ua hauj lwm rau ib tug hluas lub hom phiaj. Los ntawm nruab nrab-70s nws yog npaj txhij rau tank, uas tom qab ua lub npe hu thoob ntiaj teb nyob rau hauv lub los T-80U.

Ntsiab nta

Cov kev kho (raws li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm T-64 thiab T-72) classical, nrog rear MTO neeg coob - peb cov neeg. Tsis zoo li yav dhau los cov qauv, ntawm no mehvoda muab peb cia li triplex, uas zoo heev pab txoj kev visibility. Txawm li ntawd zoo kawg rau kev tso tsheb hlau luam luxuries li rhuab chaw ua hauj lwm, muaj tau muab.

Cov kev pab uas lub tshav kub ntawm lub glow turbine yog nyob rau hauv abundance. Yog li ntawd hais tias cov T-80U roj turbine engine yog justifiably ib tug nyiam ntawm tankers, raws li neeg coob ua hauj lwm tej yam kev mob nyob rau hauv nws ntau npaum li cas xis, Yog hais tias koj muab qhov no piv tshuab nrog rau cov T-64/72.

Lub tsev nyob yog tsim los ntawm welding, tus pej thuam yog nrum, daim ntawv inclination lub yog 68 degrees. Raws li nrog rau T-64, yog ua ke armor muaj li ntawm armor hlau thiab ceramics twb tau muab siv. Tsaug rau ib tug muaj kuab ces kaum ntawm inclination thiab cov thickness ntawm lub tank T-80U muab dua txoj kev neeg coob ciaj sia taus nyob rau hauv lub toughest teb tej yam kev mob.

Muaj kuj yog ib tug zoo-tsim system ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm kev puas tsuaj loj riam phom los ntawm cov neeg coob, xws li nuclear. Lub layout ntawm nqe ntaus rog compartment yuav luag tag analogous mus hais tias ntawm lub T-64B.

Cov yam ntxwv engine compartment

Designers tseem yuav tsum tau muab positioned longitudinally nyob rau hauv lub MTO GTE, uas cia li ua nyob rau hauv ib tug me ntsis nce nyob rau hauv lub loj ntawm lub tshuab li piv rau lub T-64. TBG yog tsim raws li ib tug monoblock uas 1050 kg. Nws feature yog lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug iav, tso cai rau koj mus muab cov nyiaj pab ntau tshaj tau los ntawm lub cev muaj zog, raws li zoo raws li cia li ob lub Gearboxes.

Muab siv nyob rau hauv cov plaub tso tsheb hlau luam tam sim ntawd MTO tag nrho ntim yog 1140 liters. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias T-80U roj turbine engine, cov roj rau cov uas yog cia nyob rau hauv xws tagnrho - es "gluttonous" tank uas kov 1.5-2 lub sij hawm ntau roj tshaj lub T-72. Thiab yog li ntawd qhov loj ntawm lub duas paub tso tsheb hlau luam.

GTD-1000T tsim siv ib tug peb-ncej tswvyim muaj ib thiab ob tug neeg sab nraud turbine compressor unit. Muaj nuj nqis engineers - ib tug nozzle hloov los ua ke uas tso cai rau tus tswj ntawm lub turbine lem thiab zoo heev tsub kom nws pab cuam lub neej T-80U. Yuav ua li cas roj nws yog pom zoo kom siv tau rau txuas rau lub durability ntawm lub hwj chim tsev? Developers lawv tus kheej hais tias lub feem ntau noj rau lub hom phiaj no, high-quality dav hlau roj.

Txij li thaum lub hwj chim kev twb kev txuas ntawm lub compressor thiab lub turbine tsuas yog tsis muaj, lub tank yuav tsiv mus nyob confidently rau hauv av, txawm muaj tus txom nyem heev kabmob muaj peev xwm, thiab lub cev muaj zog yuav tsis pog laus txawm yog hais tias tus cia li nres ntawm lub tshuab. Thiab yog dab tsi "txau" T-80U? Roj rau nws lub cev muaj zog tej zaum yuav txawv ...

turbine installation

Lub ntsiab kom zoo dua ntawm lub domestic roj turbine engine roj yog nws omnivorous. Yuav khiav rau lub dav hlau roj, txhua yam ntawm diesel roj, tsawg-octane petrol npaj rau lub cev muaj zog tsheb. Tab sis! T-80U, roj uas yuav tsum tau muaj tsuas tolerable flowability, tsis tau yog heev nkag siab "unlicensed" combustible. Refilling tsis pom zoo fuels muaj xwb nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus los tej yam kev mob, txij li thaum entails ib tug tseem ceeb yuav txo tau ntawm cav lub neej thiab turbine tuaj.

Pib lub cav nyob rau cov nuj nqis ntawm nce qib ntawm compressors, uas yog lub luag hauj lwm rau ob self-muaj electric tsav. Lub acoustic kos npe rau ntawm lub tank T-80U ho qis tshaj li nws cov khub diesel ob vim tus heev yam ntxwv ntawm lub turbine thiab los ntawm ib tug qhia tshwj xeeb uas npaj tso system. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub tshuab yog cim rau qhov hais tias thaum braking yog siv raws li lub hydraulic brakes thiab lub cav nws tus kheej, uas hnyav tank yog nres yuav luag instantly.

Yuav ua li cas qhov no yog ua li cas? Qhov tseeb yog hais tias thaum ib tug tib brake yog nias lub turbine tuaj pib tig nyob rau hauv kev coj rov qab. Qhov no txoj kev muab ib tug zoo kawg li tab kaum rau cov khoom ntawm tuaj thiab cov turbine nws tus kheej, tab sis vim hais tias nws yog tshuaj tshuab hluav taws xob. Vim li no, thaum cia li braking yuav tsum tam sim ntawd utaplivat pedal kiag li. Nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm tam sim ntawd muaj hydraulic brakes.

Raws li rau lwm yam zoo ntawm lub tank, nws muaj ib tug kuj tsis tshua muaj roj "qab los noj mov". Yuav kom ua tau li no cov designers muaj kev tswj kom tsis tau ib zaug. Yuav kom txo tau tus nqi ntawm cov roj noj, cov engineers tau teem tsis siv neeg puv lub turbine tswj system (XUAR). Nws muaj xws li kub sensors thiab controllers, thiab keyboards, lub cev kev cob cog rua nrog cov roj mov system.

Vim SAUR hnav tuaj tswj kom txo los ntawm tsawg kawg 10%, thiab nrog competent ua hauj lwm ntawm tus brake thiab iav ceev ib tus neeg tsav tsheb yuav txo tau cov roj noj los ntawm 5-7%. Los ntawm txoj kev, thiab yog dab tsi rau qhov no tank ntsiab roj? T-80U nyob rau hauv zoo tagnrho tej yam kev mob yuav tsum tau refueled aviation kerosene, tab sis lub haum thiab zoo diesel roj.

Cua purification tshuab

cyclone cua purifier siv, muab 97% tshem tawm ntawm hmoov av los ntawm lub sucked huab cua thiab lwm yam txawv teb chaws muaj teeb meem. Los ntawm txoj kev, lub "Abrams" (vim lub qub ob-step purification), qhov no daim duab yog nyob ze rau 100%. Nws yog vim li no cov roj tank T-80U - lub ntsiab ntawm tus neeg mob, raws li nws yog siv ntau npaum li cas thaum muab piv rau tank ntawm nws American cov yeeb ncuab.

Qhov seem 3% ntawm cov hmoov av tso rau lub turbine hniav nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm coagulated slag. Yuav kom tshem tawm nws, designers tau muab ib qho automatic tu kev pab cuam kev co. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias huab cua inlets yuav tsum txuas nrog rau tshwj xeeb cov khoom rau underwater tsav tsheb. Nws tso cai rau koj los mus kov yeej tus dej mus rau ib tug tob ntawm tsib meters.

tank kis tau tus mob txheem - Neeg kho tshuab, planetary hom. Nws muaj xws li ob thawv, ob Gearboxes, ob hydraulic tsav. Muaj plaub speeds rau pem hauv ntej thiab ib tug rov qab. Khiav chais, roj hmab-loj. Khiav kuj muaj ib tug nrog roj hmab khiav. Vim li no, lub T-80U yog kim heev chassis.

Tensioning yog nqa tawm los ntawm ib tug worm-hom mechanisms. Raug tshem tawm thaum lawv tseem, nws yog tsim los ntawm ob lub Torsion tuav thiab hydraulic poob siab absorbers rau peb rinks.

yam ntxwv ntawm caj npab

Main cuab tam - qauv phom 2A46M-1, caliber yog sib npaug zos rau 125 hli. Raws nraim tib yam phom tau muab tso rau hauv tso tsheb hlau luam T-64/72, raws li zoo raws li tsis paub hais tias tank destroyer "pos i hws".

Arming (raws li nyob rau hauv lub T-64) yog kiag li ruaj khov nyob rau hauv ob dav hlau. Cov tankers hais tias cov ntau yam ntawm ib tug ncaj qha mus txhaj tshuaj rau lub hom phiaj visually cai yuav ncav cuag 2100 m mos txwv txheem :. High-heev, thiab tho zoo li tus-charge projectiles. Ib tug autoloader nyob rau hauv ib theem yuav ua tau mus 28 txhaj tshuaj, thiab ob peb yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua compartment.

Koom haum pab riam phom yog 12.7-hli tshuab rab phom "Utes", tab sis lub Ukrainians tau ntev muab tso rau tej zoo xws li cov riam phom, tsom rau tus neeg muas zaub yuav tsum. Lossis loj drawback yog lub tshuab rab phom hais tias tua tawm ntawm nws muaj peev xwm tsuas ua tau ib tug tank commander, thiab rau cov uas nws nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub nws yog tsim nyog los tawm hauv lub qhov chaw zabronevoe tshuab. Txij li thaum thawj zaug 12.7 hli txhob ballistics zoo heev rau hais tias ntawm lub projectile, qhov loj lub hom phiaj rab phom kuj zeroing tswv yim ntawm lub ntsiab phom tsis muaj munitions.

boeukladki

Mechanized kev sib ntaus los pob tau muab tso rau los ntawm designers nyob ib ncig ntawm lub perimeter ntawm lub habitable ntim ntawm lub tank. Txij li thaum ib tug txiav txim ib feem ntawm tag nrho cov MSW T-80 tso tsheb hlau luam tuav roj, designers rau lub hom phiaj ntawm volume raug yuam mus rau qhov chaw horizontally tsuas yog tus neeg zoo li, whereas propellants yog nyob rau hauv lub nruas upright. Nws yog ib heev hnov qhov sib txawv "vosmidesyatok" los ntawm T-64/72, nyob rau hauv uas lub lifting xwb projectiles txheej txheem horizontally rau chais theem.

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov lag luam ntawm lub ntsiab iav thiab lub loader

Thaum tau txais daim ntawv ntawm ib tug tsim nyog hais kom nruas pib tig, ib txhij summing xaiv hom projectile mus rau lub chaw thau khoom dav hlau. Tom qab ntawd, lub mechanism yog muab tub, thiab ib tug plhaub lifting xwb muab xa mus rau lub twj paj nruag siv ib tug taag ib point loading pas nrig. Tom qab txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv lub tes tsho yog txiav yuav los ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb mechanism thiab muab tso rau hauv lub tsis muaj nruas cell.

"Carousel" loading kuas cov firing nqi ntawm tsis tsawg tshaj li rau mus rau yim rounds ib feeb. Yog hais tias tsis siv neeg loading tsis, koj yuav tau manually them cov phom, tab sis lub tankers ntseeg xws li ib tug kev loj hlob tsis txaus ntseeg (nyuaj heev ua haujlwm hauv tsev rau ib ntev lub sij hawm) cov txheej xwm. Lub tank siv qauv pom TPD 2-49, hais txog ntawm rab phom nyob ruaj hauv ib ntsug dav hlau, uas tso cai rau los mus txiav txim qhov kev ncua deb thiab ntxias ntawm ib lub hom phiaj ntawm mus 1000-4000 m.

ib co kev hloov kho

Nyob rau hauv xyoo 1978, cov T-80U tank nrog ib tug roj turbine engine tau me ntsis modernized. Lub ntsiab innovation yog cov tsos 9K112-1 missile system "nab rajkubsai", lub shooting ntawm uas tsim cuaj luaj 9M112. Lub missile yuav ntaus armored phiaj ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 4 km, thiab qhov no muaj tseeb yog 0.8 mus rau 1, nyob ntawm seb tus struts yam ntxwv thiab lub hom phiaj zog tshaj tawm.

Txij li thaum lub missile repeats loj txheem 125-hli projectile, nws yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv tej tais loader mechanism. Qhov no munition yog "muab tub" thiaj tau tuaj tiv thaiv armored tsheb, tsuas yog tus cumulative warhead. Raws li ib txwm txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv structurally foob pob ua ntxaij muaj ob qhov chaw, uas thaum lawv tseem tshwm sim thaum ib tug qauv daim ntawv loading mechanism. Nws yog ntxias nyob rau hauv semi-automatic hom: thawj vib nas this ntawm lub gunner yuav tsum nrees tuav lub capture num rau lub hom phiaj lub hom phiaj.

Cov kev taw qhia los yog kho qhov muag, los yog directional xov tooj cua teeb liab. Yuav kom maximize lub sij hawm ntawm tsoo lub hom phiaj, tus gunner muaj peev xwm xaiv ib tug ntawm peb hom kev sib ntaus cuaj luaj, ntawm cov tub rog teeb meem thiab lub lwm tus countryside. Kev tau qhia hais tias nws yog pab tau thaum zuj armored tsheb tiv thaiv los ntawm active counter systems.