Cov nom tswv tsoom fwv ntawm North Kauslim: tej yam tshwm sim ntawm totalitarianism. Cov nom tswv system ntawm North Kauslim

Muaj ntau cov kws txawj xa mus rau cov nom tswv tsoom fwv ntawm North Kauslim raws li lub totalitarian ntiaj teb no. Niaj hnub no nws yog lub feem ntau private thiab feem ntau mysterious lub xeev nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Daim ntawv ntawm tsoom fwv nyob rau hauv lub DPRK twb tsis muaj analogues nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Cia peb kawm saib zoo li cas ntawm nom tswv tsoom fwv nyob rau hauv North Kauslim, thiab tej yam cim qhia ntawm totalitarianism nws muaj.

Kauslim thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog II lub ntiaj teb no

Thaum lub sij hawm lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II, tag nrho lub teb chaws twb nyob los ntawm Hitler tus pab pawg phooj ywg - Nyiv. Tab sis Korean neeg waged ib qhov tawm tsam nrog lawv cov uas tsim txom lawv, siv ib tug ntau yam ntawm txoj kev - los ntawm txoj cai seev guerrilla rog thiab ntshai.

Tab sis, Tu siab, lub kuj rog nyob rau hauv Kauslim tau lawm mas fragmented. Dhau txawv, lawv sawv cev rau lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm lawv teb chaws tom qab lub liberation ntawm lub ntxub txoj hauj lwm. Ib txhia ntawm cov kuj cov thawj coj tsom rua lub US thiab Western teb chaws Europe, cov lwm yam - lub Soviet Union thiab Suav Communist underground.

Nyob rau hauv lub kawg, ua tsaug rau lub yeej ntawm cov phoojywg thiab nws tus kheej onslaught ntawm lub Korean neeg muaj kev tswj kom poob lub Japanese quab. Tab sis, ces, raws li tau leej twg, tuaj mus rau qhov chaw tag nrho cov contradictions ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm Kauslim. Division rau kev nom kev tswv yog vim li cas pab mus rau qhov tseeb hais tias tom qab lub yeej tshaj Nyiv, sab qaum teb ntawm lub ceg av qab teb mus txog rau thaum lub 38th thaum uas tig mus tswj lub Soviet Union, thiab rau sab qab zog - lub tebchaws United States of America.

DPRK Kawm

Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub Korean cov neeg tseem ceeb, nyob rau hauv raws li lawv cov nom tswv views, tsiv mus rau ib feem ntawm lub teb chaws tswj los ntawm tsoom fwv, uas nws txoj hauj lwm lawv qhia.

Lawm, ib tug ardent communist thiab supporter ntawm lub Soviet Union Kim Ir Sen tau hais nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb ntawm lub ceg av qab teb. Ces, nyob rau hauv nws coj noj coj ua nyob rau hauv 1948, nws tau tsim lub tshiab lub xeev - lub ywj pheej neeg lub koom pheej ntawm Kauslim Teb, los yog North Kauslim. DPRK nom tswv tsoom fwv raug raws li cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm Marxism-Leninism thiab lub orientation ntawm lub Soviet Union. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, Kim Ir Sen coj nws tus kheej ideology, uas yuav tsum muaj kev cuam tshuam tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub Korean mentality nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm ib tug communist zej zog. Nws twb hu ua Juche. Yog xav paub ntxiv txog nws cov nta yuav tau los sib tham li hauv qab no.

Tsov rog nrog rau South Kauslim thiab cov US

Txhua yam yuav zoo, tab sis ib tug me ntsis ua ntej lawm, nyob rau hauv tib 1948 nyob rau hauv South Kauslim tsim lwm tsoom fwv, uas yog kev txhawb los ntawm lub tebchaws United States. Nws tau teem tsuas yog nyob rau cov kev ywj pheej tseem ceeb ntawm cov Western ntiaj teb no. Cov hauj lwm lub npe ntawm lub xeev no - cov koom pheej ntawm Kauslim.

Txhua yam ntawm tus tshiab khiv tsim lub xeev formations thov cov kom txoj cai mus qhia cov nyiaj ntawm lub Korean neeg thiab nrhiav mus cuag nws sovereignty tshaj tag nrho ib ncig ntawm lub Korean ceg av qab teb. Ua tsov ua rog yog inevitable.

Thiab nws tsoo tawm nyob rau hauv 1950, thaum North Korean rog invaded lub teb chaws tswj los ntawm cov koom pheej ntawm Kauslim. Thawj yog thawj muab zais thiab ces ntau kom meej meej txaus siab los ntawm USSR thiab Tuam Tshoj maoistky, thiab nyob rau lub thib ob sab ntawm lub tebchaws United States ua rau pej xeem. Kev them nyiaj yug twb qhia nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas thiab cov tub rog kev pab.

Tab sis peb lub xyoos ntawm ib qho ntawm cov bloodiest kev tsov kev rog ntawm lub XX xyoo pua, tsis muaj leej twg ntawm ob tog ib tug tseem ceeb kom zoo dua tsis muab. Nyob rau hauv 1953, ib tug ntawv cog lus tau hu uas preserves tus txheej xwm quo, uas yog, paub tseeb hais tias cov kab uas demarcation ntawm lub xeev raws 38th thaum uas tig mus. Txij thaum ntawd los txog niaj hnub no tus DPRK thiab cov koom pheej ntawm Kauslim nyob rau hauv ib qho tsis yooj yim sib yeem lus.

Lub post-tsov rog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub DPRK

Tom qab 1953 pib ib lub sij hawm ntawm kev kaj siab nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm North Kauslim. Tab sis txawm qhov no, cov neeg no nyob rau hauv qhov kev nyab xeeb ntawm ib tug resumption ntawm hostilities. Nws yuav tsis thov thiab ib tug imprint rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ib lub teb chaws zoo li North Kauslim. Cov nom tswv tsoom fwv ntawm North Kauslim, txawm nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog rau cov nplog liab cov nom tswv ntawm lwm lub teb chaws, muaj pov thawj tshwj xeeb authoritarianism, totalitarianism thiab kaw. Mus ntsib los ntawm Kim Il Sung nyob rau hauv lub socialist lub teb chaws ntawm lub yeej tau tsis tshua muaj heev.

Thaum lub ntiaj teb no tseem nyob bipolar system, lub neej nyob rau hauv North Kauslim proceeded kuj ruaj khov thiab twj ywm, txawm hais tias nyiaj txiag teeb meem vim lub high nqi ntawm cov kev pab tub rog lossi ua phem rau lub teb chaws, tab sis thaum lub Soviet Union collapsed thiab poob sib nrug tag nrho cov system ntawm lub socialist bloc, North Kauslim nyob nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv yuav luag tag nrho rho tawm.

Lwm tshuab, uas tau undergone ib tug nom tswv tsoom fwv ntawm North Kauslim, yog txoj kev tuag ntawm mus tas li tus thawj coj ntawm North Kauslim Kim Il Sung, leej twg tuag nyob rau hauv 1994.

Tom qab Kim Il Sung

Nws yuav zoo li hais tias tom qab xws upheavals tseem ceeb kev hloov nyob rau hauv cov kev tswj system ntawm lub DPRK yog inevitable. Tab sis nws muaj nws yog. Nom tswv North Korean tsoom fwv tsis tau tsuas dim, tab sis txawm tawv thiab ua txawm tougher. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm Kim Il Sung tuaj rau nws tus tub - Kim Chen Ir.

Txij thaum ntawd los nrog cov DPRK txhua txhua xyoo yuav ntau thiab ntau raug kaw, thiab nws cov kev sib raug zoo nrog Teb Chaws Asmeskas thiab South Kauslim yog lossi worsened. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, lub tebchaws United States nyob rau hauv lub qhov muag ntawm tus North Korean coj noj coj ua yog coj mus rau hauv ib lub ntiaj teb ntawm kev phem.

Dua li no, thaum ntawm 1996 mus rau 1999, lub teb chaws thiaj tawg unprecedented scale kev tshaib kev nqhis, los ntawm yog vim li cas ntawm cov uas tuag los ntawm ntau qhov chaw ntawm kaum txhiab rau peb vam tus neeg, lub US muab North Kauslim humanitarian aid. Tab sis twb nyob rau hauv 2005, North Kauslim hais tias nws tau tsim ib tug nuclear foob pob.

Nyob rau hauv 2011, Kim Chen Ir tau tuag lawm, thiab tau ua tau zoo los ntawm ib tug tub hluas - Kim Jong-un, uas nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm tseem twb tsis tseem peb caug xyoo. Tej zaum vim hais tias ntawm lub extremism uas yog xam qhovkev nyob rau hauv nws cov hluas, thaum lub sij hawm nws kev sib raug zoo nrog Teb Chaws Asmeskas thiab South Kauslim txawm ntau strained.

Cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm Juche

Tam sim no ib tug los ze zog saib cov nom tswv tsoom fwv ntawm North Kauslim. Tej yam tshwm sim ntawm totalitarianism yog tam sim no txawm nyob rau hauv nws cov teb chaws tej lus qhuab qhia - Juche.

Lo lus "Juche" nyob rau hauv txhais lus los ntawm ib tug ntawm cov dialects ntawm Korean yog ib lub tswvyim zoo xws li cov nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus mus rau lub qhia "tswv ntawm txhua yam." Nws yog li no tob yuav tsum tau ib tug pej xeem ntawm North Kauslim. Tab sis nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ua tus tswv, nws yuav tsum tam sim ntawd unquestioningly raws li cov ntsiab cai ntawm Juche tsim los ntawm Kim Il Sung.

Qhov no lus qhuab qhia yog los muab cov lus qhia ntawm Marxism-Leninism nrog lub mentality ntawm lub inhabitants ntawm East Asia. Nws tshaj tawm txoj isolationist txoj cai, fueled ib lub tswv yim ntawm militarism, thiab authoritarianism leaderism. Raws li kev khi lus Stalin lub Juche ideology tau teem rau hauv lub tsev ntawm communism nyob rau hauv ib lub teb chaws, thiab thiaj li lub xeev yog North Kauslim. Nom tswv qhov teeb meem no, tsim ua tsaug rau qhov no ideology, yuav tsis ua rau kom txoj kev loj hlob ntawm totalitarian coj qauv.

"Lub communist monarchy"

Nyob rau hauv North Kauslim tsim ib tug ideology cua. Cov nom tswv system, uas yog tsim nyob rau hauv North Kauslim, vim hais tias ntawm cov kev hloov ntawm rulers nyob rau hauv lub voj voog ntawm lub tib lub tsev neeg, ib co kws txawj hu rau "communist monarchy". Ntawm cov hoob kawm, tsis yog txhua tus pom zoo nrog rau qhov no saib, raws li tus thawj coj ntawm cov neeg sab nrauv xaiv, nws muaj peev xwm raws thov mus rau lwm lub tsev neeg. Lwm yam kws txawj, nyob rau hauv view ntawm lub tseem ceeb orientation ntawm lub Korean version ntawm Marxism rau lub teb chaws yam ntxwv, hu ua cov nom tswv tsoom fwv ntawm North Kauslim lub communist nationalism los yog lub teb chaws-communism.

Cult ntawm tus

Thaum lub sij hawm lub neej ntawm Kim Il Sung nyob rau hauv North Kauslim tau lug tsim lub cult ntawm nws tus cwj pwm, uas yog piv nyob rau hauv scale nrog Stalinism. Qhov no yog evidenced los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws nws yog muab tso rau ntau tshaj li tsib puas monuments. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, ib tug ntau ntawm cov chaw thiab cov koom haum tis npe hu ua tom qab Kim Il Sung. Nws biography pib kawm ntau nyob rau hauv kindergarten. Tom qab nws tuag nyob rau hauv 1998, Kim Il Sung tau muab lub npe ntawm Nyob Mus Ib Txhis Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm lub koom pheej. Yog li ntawd nws yog lub sij deification.

Txawm tias nyob rau hauv ib tug me me scale, nws twb tseem tsim ib tug cult ntawm tus ntawm Kim Chen Ira. Nws biography yog qhia nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv, thiab lub hnub yug yog ib lub teb chaws nyiaj so koobtsheej. Tom qab kev tuag ntawm Kim Chen Il twb muab tsub lub title ntawm Generalissimo ntawm lub DPRK thiab cov hero.

Tam sim no, nws pib lub tsim ntawm lub cult ntawm Kim Jong-un. Piv txwv li, ib tug thiaj yog muab rau tag nrho cov txiv neej ntawm lub DPRK hnav no hairstyle, uas yog lawv cov thawj coj.

Cov nom tswv tsoom fwv ntawm North Kauslim kom meej meej muaj ib tug authoritarian thiab autocratic.

Cov huab cua xav tias tsam lawv

Lwm feature ntawm lub North Korean nom tswv system yog lub xeev xav tias tsam lawv tawm tsam tag nrho dissidents los yog tsuas yog pliaj. Lub scale ntawm nws yog tsis tau tag nrho qhia tawm, raws li North Kauslim yog zoo kaw lub teb chaws. Tab sis, dua li no, lub ntiaj teb no tau kawm txog cov pua pua txhiab tus repressed.

Raws li unconfirmed lus ceeb toom, Kim Jong-un kom tus tua ntawm tus tiv thaiv Minister tsuas vim hais tias nws poob pw tsaug zog rau ntawm lub rooj sib tham. Cov kev tua raug xaiv heev sophisticated: lub Minister tua anti-aircraft complex. Lwm minister Kim Jong-un tus kheej hlawv flamethrower. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov hluas Korean thawj coj twb tua los ntawm nws tus txiv ntxawm nrog nws tsev neeg, nrog rau me nyuam me me.

Tab sis qhov no tsuas yog ib feem ntawm lub horrors ntawm kev tsuj, uas yuav tsis pub leejtwg paub North Kauslim. Nom tswv qauv teb chaws yeej txaus siab los ntawm daim ntawv thov lub xeev xav tias tsam lawv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog mob loj heev thaum Kim Chan wHe.

Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm totalitarianism

Yog li, peb yuav tam sim no qhia txog tus yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm totalitarianism xam qhovkev nyob rau hauv lub North Korean regime:

• yuav tsum tau rau tag nrho cov ideology;
• cult ntawm tus;
• censorship;
• ib-tog system;
• teem sij hawm kev khwv nyiaj txiag ;
• uas nws kim heev kev dag;
• kom luag hauj lwm ntawm lub xeev nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov pej xeem affairs;
• ib tug haib repressive apparatus yuam.

Ntawm no ua ntej peb yog ib tug niaj hnub North Kauslim. Nom tswv tsoom fwv - totalitarian communism nrog ib tug kov ntawm nationalism. Qhov no cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov uas twb muaj lawm system yuav yog tus tshaj plaws yog. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub North Korean tsoom fwv yog yus muaj los ntawm roj ntsha kev hloov ntawm lub hwj chim thiab lub huab txav los nyob ze nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog lwm lub teb chaws. Pumped theem ntawm confrontation nrog lub tebchaws United States.

Tu siab, nyob rau hauv lub nyob ze yav tom ntej, tseem ceeb kev hloov nyob rau hauv cov nom tswv system ntawm lub DPRK yog tsis xav tau.