Cov hauj lwm ntawm Aksakov. Sergey Timofeevich Aksakov: daim ntawv teev cov hauj lwm

Aksakov Sergei Timofeevich yug nyob rau hauv 1791 nyob rau hauv Ufa, thiab tuag nyob rau hauv Moscow nyob rau hauv 1859-m. Qhov no Lavxias teb sab txawj sau ntawv thiab cov pej xeem daim duab, cov official, memoirist, txawj critic, thiab sau ntawm cov phau ntawv nyob rau hauv kev yos hav zoov thiab nuv ntses, khaws butterflies. Nws yog leej txiv ntawm cov Slavophiles, pej xeem nuj nqis thiab sau ntawv Ivan, Konstantin Aksakov thiab Vera.

Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm peb yuav saib tej hauj lwm ntawm Aksakov, nyob rau hauv sib lawv liag.

"Buran"

Thaum lub sij hawm 1820-1830 lub ntsiab tswv yim Sergey Kalashnikov kev ua ub no tau txhais, raws li zoo raws li kev sau ntawv thiab ua yeeb yam critic, tsim ob peb kwv huam. Nws thawj tseem ceeb ua hauj lwm nws tau sau xwb nyob rau hauv Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1833. Nws yog tus sau ntawv "Buran", uas yog luam tawm ib xyoos tom qab nyob rau hauv ib tug anonymous anthology hu ua "txoj cai txhais tes". Lub hauv paus ntawm no ua hauj lwm Aksakov yog ib tug tiag tiag kev tshwm sim, uas cov kws ntawv paub los ntawm cov lus ua timkhawv pom. Twb tau qhov no sau ntawv nqa lub ntsiab nta ntawm lub tom ntej creation ntawm tus sau, cov ntsiab ntawm cov uas yog ib qho nyiaj paj nyob rau hauv kev muaj tiag. Qhov no ua hauj lwm twb tau teev tseg rau tus yam ntxwv ntawm Aksakov lub poetics, nyob rau hauv uas peb kawm los ntawm no sau. S. Mashinskii sau hais txog qhov no creation uas cua daj cua dub duab no yog tawm nrog rau tej kev paub qhia lo lub hwj chim, cos xim thiab masculine simplicity, raws li nws yuav sau raws li ntev prose tsuas Pushkin.

Cov khoom tau tom qab tus ntawv ntawm heev qib ntawm ntau yam critics. Sam Alexander menyuam ua Aksakov hauj lwm snowstorm. Tom qab ntawd, tom qab 20 xyoo, qhov kev paub ntawm no cov sau Leo Tolstoy nyob thaum uas tsim ib zaj dab neeg "snowstorm".

Ntxiv rau piav qhia txog cov khoom Aksakova. Daim ntawv teev cov complement "Sau ntawv" hais txog kev yos hav zoov thiab nuv ntses. Txij thaum lig 1830 lub nyob rau hauv Aksakov lub neej pib ib tug tshiab lub sij hawm. Nws, zoo li dreaming, sab laug rau pej xeem cov kev pab, ntawm nkaus rau tus cwj pwm ntawm tsev neeg thiab cov nyiaj txiag affairs.

"Sau rau ib tug nuv ntses mus txawv tebchaws"

Aksakov tej hauj lwm yauv tseem ceeb kev hloov nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm 40-ies. Tom qab ntawd nws proceeded mus rau lub creation ntawm "Tsev Neeg Chronicle", thiab tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv 1845, txiav txim siab los sau ib phau ntawv nyob rau hauv kev nuv ntses. Ua hauj lwm rau nws tau ua tiav ib xyoos tom qab, thiab nyob rau hauv 1847 nws tau hu ua "Sau ntawv rau ib tug nuv ntses mus txawv tebchaws" tau luam tawm. Tus duab ntawm no ua hauj lwm yog ib tug sau ntawm sketches angler. Nrog rau cov unanimous kev pom zoo tau txais thiab hais tias cov creation ntawm Aksakov. Muaj nuj nqis tsam thiab kho ib tsab twb luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1854 nyob rau hauv lub title "Sau ntawv rau angling ntses", thiab ob xyoos tom qab tuaj rau peb.

"Sau ntawv ntawm ib tug phom loj yos hav zoov"

Cov hauj lwm ntawm Aksakov, ib daim ntawv teev cov neeg uas peb ua, yuav Nkij los txuam rau cov phau ntawv hu ua "Lus Cim ntawm ib tug phom loj yos hav zoov." Nyob rau hauv 1849, ua hauj lwm pib Sergey Kalashnikov tshaj cov khoom ntawm tus plob hav zoov. Nyob rau hauv 1852, nws tau sau. Cov style ntawm no zeej zoo li yav dhau los: lub taub hau ntawm nws tsab ntawv lawm. Phau ntawv no yuav kuj sai ua nrov, thiab cov ncig ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm twb instantly muag. Dua rave kev xyuas los ntawm ntau yam critics, xws li Gogol, Turgenev, Chernyshevsky.

"Tsev Neeg Chronicle"

Nyob rau hauv 1840 Aksakov hais kom cov creation ntawm "Tsev Neeg Chronicle". Tab sis, ces switched nws mloog mus rau cov aforementioned phau ntawv hais txog kev yos hav zoov thiab nuv ntses, thiab tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1852 tau resumed ua hauj lwm rau cov memoirs.

Cov sijhawm uas nws Aksakova luam tawm tej hauj lwm raws li sau ntawv nyob rau hauv periodicals. Ib tug me me fragment twb nyob rau hauv 1846, tau luam tawm, thiab nyob rau hauv 1854 nyob rau hauv lub "Moskvityanin" cov thawj rov rau "Tsev Neeg Chronicle", uas tau ua raws li los ntawm ib tug thib plaub (nyob rau hauv "Lavxias teb sab tham" nyob rau hauv 1856) thiab tsib (nyob rau hauv lub "Lavxias teb sab Gazette" nyob rau hauv 1856 xyoo). Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm muab lub "Puas", uas ua tom qab ib tug thib peb, nyias muaj nyias ib phau ntawv ntawm lub trilogy.

Nyob rau hauv uas nyob rau hauv 1856, lub thib ob tsab muaj ob ntau excerpts los ntawm no ua hauj lwm, uas thaum kawg tau ua zaum kawg daim ntawv.

Exit "Tsev Neeg Chronicle" twb txuam nrog censorship tensions. Aksakov kuj ntshai cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov neeg zej zog thiab txheeb ze, uas yeej tsis xav kom lub tawm ntawm tsev neeg secrets. Yog li ntawd, cov txawj sau ntawv hloov ntau thaj npe thiab ntsej muag. Cov phau ntawv qhia txog tus nyeem ntawv nrog rau ib daim duab pomeschechego lub neej nyob rau hauv lub xeev. Qhov no trilogy tau noj ib qho tseem ceeb qhov chaw nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv, tau ntsib ib tug zoo siab txais tos ob critics thiab cov txawj nyeem ntawv.

"Childhood Xyoo Bagrov tus tub xeeb ntxwv"

Qhov no ua hauj lwm twb tsim nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 1854 mus 1856. Tus sau xav kom tsim ib tug tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv-zoo phau ntawv rau cov me nyuam, uas yuav tsum tau sau raws li yog hais tias tus neeg laus tsis xyaum mus rau lub hnub nyoog ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib, nrog cov tsis muaj kev ua tau yog. Cov me nyuam yug ntawm no ua hauj lwm Aksakov rau cov me nyuam coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv 1858. Cov phau ntawv qhia tau hais tias cov transformation ntawm lub puab ntiaj teb no ntawm tus hero nrog lub hnub nyoog.

Tales Aksakov, daim ntawv teev cov uas yog, nruj me ntsis hais lus, tsuas yog los ntawm ib tug ua hauj lwm - "Lub xoo pob liab vog Paj", ib co ntseeg hais tias ua cas heev heev. Nws yog ib qhov tseeb: xws li ib tug zoo nkauj fairy taleas yuav tsim ib tug kws muaj txuj sau. Aksakov thiab yog ib tug heev txog tej, tab sis ua hauj lwm feem ntau nyob rau hauv lwm yam lwm yam. Qhov no ua hauj lwm npaum li cas los ntawm tus sau nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawv ntxiv rau hauv phau ntawv "Childhood Xyoo Bagrov tus tub xeeb ntxwv". Aksakov ua hauj lwm rau cov me nyuam, raws li koj tau pom, ob peb nyob rau hauv xov tooj, tab sis heev interesting thiab nrov txawm niaj hnub no.

Lub tswv yim ntawm "xoo pob liab vog paj" yog ib qho tswv yim zoo txheej txheem (tsis yog thawj zaug), tus naas ej zaj dab neeg txog ib tug lub rooj sib tham kev zoo nkauj thiab cov tsiaj nyaum. Nws tuaj tawm nyob rau hauv sau ntau lub sij hawm nyob ib leeg, ua rau feem ntau cov Sergei Kalashnikov luam tawm cov khoom thiab tsim ib tug tswvyim hais ua dabneeg "fairy taleas Aksakov."

Daim ntawv teev cov hauj lwm ntawm no sau tsis yog lawm tsis tau, tom qab sau ntawv mus rau lawv ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm tau tsim thiab lwm tus neeg.

lwm yam tej hauj lwm

Ua hauj lwm rau lub trilogy inspired los ntawm cov txawj sau ntawv, uas tau loj hlob tuaj los lub tswv yim ntawm tsis tau lwm memoir ua hauj lwm mob siab rau lub sij hawm ntawm nws lub neej nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 1820-1830. Nws, txawm li cas los, tsis muaj lub sij hawm kom paub nws, tab sis kev kawm tau tsim ib tug xov tooj uas interesting memoirs tsab ntawv. "Introduction to Derzhavin", "Biography MN Zagoskina" thiab "Puas MN Zagoskina" nyob rau hauv 1852.

Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 1856 mus 1858 tus sau tsim memoir tsab ntawv, uas txuas ntxiv ib tug series ntawm Shishkov, JE Shusherine thiab G. R. Derzhavine. Phau ntawv no tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub "Lavxias teb sab kev sib tham" daim, thiab ces, nyob rau hauv 1858, muaj nyob rau hauv tus sau hu ua "Txawv ua hauj lwm S. T. Aksakova". Lub sij hawm no, lub memoirs yog greeted tsis muaj tej yam txaus siab los ntawm critics, xws li N. A. Dobrolyubovym. Tus sau twb liam ntawm ntsejmuag thiab subjectivity nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau nws cov phooj ywg ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas.

Tsis ntev los no tej hauj lwm

"Sau los ntawm butterflies" - zaj dab neeg, sau nyob rau hauv 1858 rau tus sau "Bratchina" sib hlub sib txhawb tsab nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv nyob Kazan University. Creation yog thematically uas nyob ib sab mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv recollections ntawm tus sau. Nws tuaj mus rau lub teeb tsuas yog tom qab nws tuag. Aksakov 4 lub hlis ua ntej tus tuag dictated lwm ua hauj lwm - "Essay on ib lub caij ntuj lub hnub." "Rooj sab laj nrog" Martinists "yog qhov tseeb creation luam tawm nyob rau hauv Sergei Kalashnikov lub neej thiab luam nyob rau hauv" Lavxias teb sab tham "nyob rau hauv 1859.