Congress of princes nyob rau hauv Liubech: Antecedents thiab yuav tshwm

Nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm Russia, rau cov uas muaj teeb meem, lwm yam lub teb chaws, muaj ntau ntau yam tsaus ntuj nti nplooj ntawv, thaum cov ntshav civil tsov kev rog los ua qhov ua rau ntawm kuj zoo kawg puas tsuaj rau cov neeg thiab tsim dej siab tej yam kev mob rau invaders ntawm tag nrho cov kab txaij. Nws yog nyob rau hauv qhov teeb meem no, Russia yog nyob rau hauv lub lig 11th xyoo pua vim infighting ntawm Oleg Svyatoslavich, Vladimirom Monomahom thiab Svyatopolk II ntawm Kiev, qhov kawg ntawm uas yog tsim los muab tso rau lub princes nyob rau hauv Congress Liubech.

prehistory

Yuav kom to taub dab tsi tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 1093 rau 1097 xyoo, nws yog tsim nyog los pib ib zaj dab neeg uas muaj ib tug piav qhia ntawm tsov rog peb tug tub Svyatoslav Yaroslavich rau lub qub txeeg qub teg. Nyob rau hauv kev, Oleg Svyatoslavich, hu rau raws li qhov Polovtsian, yuav coj mus los ntawm nws tus viv ncaus - Vladimir Monomakh - Chernigov, uas yog hu ua lub capital nroog ntawm nws tus txiv. Tom ntej no tub huabtais coj Ryazan thiab Murom tua nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus los Izyaslav kav, yuav nws capital, raws li zoo raws li Suzdal thiab Rostov. Xws li ib tug txoj cai, txawm nyob rau hauv cov hnub suav hais tias raws li tus loj tshaj kev ua txhaum, thiab tag nrho cov ganged up against Oleg cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Monomakh, uas muaj kev tswj kom rov lawv pog koob yawm txwv lub tebchaws. Tab sis lwm cov kev hem thawj dai tshaj lub teb chaws, ua ntsim yeeb ncuab yuav tau xav txog hais tias, yam tsawg kawg ib ntus tsis nco qab txog lub contradictions thiab tsis muaj zog ntawm Guj kuj internecine kev tsov kev rog.

Cov tswv cuab ntawm lub princely Congress nyob rau hauv Liubech

Lub initiator ntawm tus sau los ntawm lub npe nrov tshaj rulers ntawm lub tsev thaum lub sij hawm yog Vladimir Monomakh - tus tub xeeb ntxwv ntawm Yaroslava Mudrogo , thiab cov Byzantine Emperor Constantine IX. Qhov no None yog tseem nyob rau hauv nws thaum ntxov cov tub ntxhais hluas tsom yuav luag tsis muaj kev txawj ntse thiab muaj peev xwm rau nruab nrab. Nyob rau hauv kev, nyob rau hauv 1093, yuav tshoom rau lub zwm txwv ntawm Kiev, nws poob nws Svyatopolk kom tsis txhob tsov ua rog, thiab nyob rau hauv lub 1094th yeem tshuav Chernigov vim pom tau hais tias nws yuav tsis sawv ib leeg tiv thaiv Oleg Svyatoslavich thiab Polovtsy. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yog ib tug tsis tshua muaj neeg ambitious txiv neej nrog far-xeeb nom tswv lub hom phiaj.

Cov caw tuaj rau lub congress ntawm princes nyob rau hauv Liubech twb xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm Yaroslava Mudrogo Svyatopolk II ntawm Kiev, Davyd I., thiab Davyd thiab Oleg Svyatoslavichy. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, Terebovlya twb tshwm sim los ntawm nws kuj zoo kawg-tub xeeb ntxwv - Vasylko Rostyslavych.

Xyoo 1097: Congress of Princes nyob rau hauv Liubech

Qhov yuav tsum tau rau kev sib tham hauv lub teb chaws tus feem ntau influential rulers tau ntev lawm. Txawm li cas los, Vladimir Monomakh yuav tsis tswj kom koj yaum tau Oleg Svyatoslavich tuaj rau Kiev, vim hais tias nws ntshai tsam ib tug nres. Thaum kawg nws tau txiav txim siab los tuav ib tug congress ntawm princes nyob rau hauv Liubech. Qhov no tsev fuabtais kuj tau koom Monomakh, tab sis muaj yog ib tug ntev lub sij hawm tsis muaj ib tug ua neej nyob. Raws li cov chronicle ntawm cov xyoo, Mr tub huabtais hais rau tus kwv tij thiab txhawb kom lawv rau tsis nco qab lub ua yeebncuab thiab los mus tiv thaiv cov motherland tiv thaiv tus yeeb ncuab - Polovtsian.

Cov qhabnias ntawm lub Congress nyob rau hauv Liubech

Tom qab rhuab kev sib tham, cov thawj ntawm cov nqi zog rov muaj yais tawm raws li nram no:

• Syatopolku Izyaslavich mus Kiev rau Pinsk thiab tours;
• Vladimir Monomakh tau txais Pereyaslavl nqi zog, Smolensk, Rostov-Suzdal av Beloozero;
• Davyd I. yuav tsum tau tswj nrog Vladimir-Volyn Lutsk;
• Vasilyek Rostislavich nrog nws tus tij laug Valadar muab Terebovl, Przemysl thiab Cherven;
• Davyd thiab Oleg Svyatoslavichy pib kav rau nyob rau hauv Chernihiv thiab nyob rau hauv Seversk av, Ryazan, Murom thiab Tmutarakani.

Yog li, lub Congress of Princes nyob rau hauv Liubech hais tias lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm qub txeeg qub teg Lavxias teb sab princes ntawm av teej tug mus rau lawv poj koob yawm txwv, thiab nws tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tshwm sim yog tsim nyob rau hauv Russia ntawm ib tug tshiab kev nom kev tswv system raws li nyob rau hauv lub rov tshwm sim ntawm loj feudal av tswv cuab feeb meej nyob rau hauv lub ob txhais tes ntawm txawv ceg ntawm lub Rurik dynasty.

tom ntej cov txheej xwm

Tu siab, lub Congress ntawm Lavxias teb sab princes nyob rau hauv Liubech yuav tsis ua rau ib tug ntev kev sib haum xeeb nyob rau hauv Russia, raws li David I. nyiag xa ib tug tub txib rau Svyatopolk nrog ib tug cov lus hais txog lub liam tab tom yuav capture ntawm lub zwm txwv ntawm Kiev Vladimirom Monomahom cornflowers Rostislavich. Qhov no treacherous ua coj ntau ills ntawm peb lub teb chaws. Lub fact tias nws ntseeg liam Sviatopolk cornflowers caw mus Kiev, mus rau hauv tsev loj cuj thiab dig muag. Thiab peb fwm pov thawj tias Rostislavich ceeb toom ntawm cov tab tom yuav mag. Txawm li cas los, nws hais tias cov thawj coj hauv lub Liubech "nwj tus ntoo khaub lig," yog li ntawd nws tsis ntseeg hais tias nws yuav nyob nyab xeeb. Tshwm sim ntawm cov kev ua ntawm Svyatopolk thiab David Igorevich yog ib tug tshiab kev tsov kev rog, uas ntawd kub ntev li kom txog thaum 1110.

Council ntawm Uvetichi

Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov ntawm 1110 tuaj rau cov thawj hauv Vladimir Monomakh, Svyatopolk, Davyd thiab Oleg Svyatoslavich thiab "tsim lub ntiaj teb no ntawm lawv tus kheej." Ces lawv hu ua nyob rau hauv David Igorevich rau lub tsev hais plaub, deprived ntawm Vladimir-Volyn nqi zog, tab sis paub meej tias lawv yuav tsis noj kua zaub ntsuab rau nws. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, Svyatopolk muab nws Dubna thiab Chertorizhsk thiab Svyatoslavichy muab ib tug loj sum ntawm cov nyiaj. Raws li lawv tau coj mus rau hauv tus account kev txaus siab ntawm tag nrho ob tog, civil tsov rog tas.

Yog li, lub hom phiaj ntawm lub congress ntawm princes nyob rau hauv Liubech, uas yog mus cuag ib tug ntev kev sib haum xeeb nyob rau hauv Russia, tsis tau tiav vim hais tias ntawm lub ambitions ntawm ib co ntawm nws cov tswv cuab.