City, uas Franks yeej lub koom pheej - learn thiaj li hu ua sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Poitiers

Tej zaum muaj ntau yam ntawm peb muaj tsis nco qab lawm cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv phau ntawv. Math teeb meem, sib lawv liag lub rooj nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ... Thiab rau zoo yog vim li cas. Vim hais tias peb muaj cov me nyuam lawv tus kheej yuav tshwm sim uas yog feem ntau hais kom muab ib lo lus teb rau ib tug keeg puab insoluble teeb meem. Piv txwv li, lo rau koj tus tub los yog tus ntxhais yuav nug koj kom koj qhia rau kuv seb lub npe ntawm lub nroog, uas lub Franks yeej lub koom pheej. Qib 6, lub keeb kwm ntawm lub Nrab Hnub nyoog - yog thawj qhov uas ua tawm kom siab. Tom qab tag nrho, peb tau qhia ib yam dab tsi uas zoo sib xws. Tab sis li cas txog cov lus? Yuav ua li cas yog tiag tiag qab ntawm qhov chaw thiab yuav ua li cas nws yog? Yog lub sib ntaus sib tua coj qhov chaw yog qhov twg? Yuav ua li cas yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kev tshwm sim thiab yog vim li cas nws yog li ntawd nrov hais tias nws yog nyob rau hauv crossword learn thiab cov phau ntawv? Luv luv no keeb kwm thiab lwm yam lus tseeb teev hauv qab no.

City, uas Franks yeej lub koom pheej. 6 tsiaj ntawv nyob rau hauv nws lub npe, los yog 3?

Lub sib ntaus sib tua, uas coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv 732, xa mus rau hauv cov phau ntawv thiab keeb kwm nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev. Lub tsev kawm ntawv phau ntawv feem ntau tham txog lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Poitiers. Yuav ua li cas yog lub npe rau hauv lub nroog, uas lub Franks yeej lub koom pheej (6 cov tsiaj ntawv)? Lo lus nug no yog feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv crossword learn rau ib tug keeb kwm lub ntsiab. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws kuj yog hais txog Poitiers. Tab sis yog hais tias peb saib lub keeb kwm ntaub ntawv, peb yuav pom tias feem ntau heev nws yog ib tug sib ntaus sib tua hu ua sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Tours. Tab sis As chroniclers feem ntau xa mus rau raws li nws lub "sib ntaus sib tua tus khub ntawm martyrs." Lub caij nyoog qhov chaw ntawm lub sib ntaus sib tua yog tsis sau tseg nyob rau hauv tej ntaub ntawv.

Tam sim no lub npe hu. Ib qhov chaw?

Western European thiab as chroniclers hais tias nyob rau hauv 10 Lub kaum hli ntuj 732 sib ntaus sib tua coj qhov chaw nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov rog ntawm lub Franks, uas coj cov tswv nroog ntawm lub palace ntawm Austrasia Karl Martell, thiab cov koom pheej ntawm lub Umayyad Caliphate. Qhov kawg coj tus tswv xeev-dav ntawm Al-Andalus Abdurrahman ibn Abdallah. Nyob rau hauv no sib ntaus sib tua yeej, raws li koj paub, lub Franks. Arab commander raug tua. Thiab Karl Martell ua heev influential kav lub pawg neeg thaj av ntawm yav qab teb chaws Europe. Tab sis raws li nws hu ua lub nroog, uas lub Franks yeej lub koom pheej? Tsis Chronicle tsis muab peb lub caij nyoog lo lus teb rau lo lus nug no. Cia saib nws nyob rau hauv ntau yam.

prehistory

Arab dynasty Umavi los yog Umayyad, muaj ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau haib tub rog nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Nws yeej yog ib tug lossis loj faj tim teb chaws, uas ncua los ntawm av nyob rau hauv tam sim no-hnub Pakistan rau lub Iberian ceg av qab teb. Lawv lub ntsiab tus nrog sib ntaus yog lub nceeg vaj Franks nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe, uas combines cov tam sim no av sab qaum teb thiab hauv paus Fabkis, qhov chaw ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab Holland. Lawv cov thawj coj Karl Martell xav sib sau ua ke nyob rau hauv nws txoj cai rau tag nrho cov ntawm cov teb chaws Europe thiab nws cov transformation mus rau hauv ib tug faj tim teb chaws ib yam li cov Roman. Nruab nrab ntawm nws thiab cov koom pheej yog ib tug neeg sab nraud duchy ntawm Aquitaine. Ob rog twb sim mus ntes nws thiab subjugate, yog li hloov tam sim no tshuav nyiaj li cas nyob rau hauv nws haum. Muaj ntau historians ntseeg tau hais tias lub nroog, uas lub Franks yeej lub koom pheej, los ua qhov chaw ntawm lub sib ntaus sib tua uas txiav txim txoj hmoo ntawm tag nrho cov ntawm cov teb chaws Europe thiab txawm cov ntseeg Vajtswv.

Battlefield thiab nws cov kev kawm

Thaum lub Umayyad troops pib mus txeeb yav qab teb teb chaws Europe, cov Duke ntawm Aquitaine, Ed, los yog Evdon, sim hais nrog lawv nyob rau lawv tus kheej, tab sis ua tsis tau. Ces nws nug rau kev pab los ntawm Karlu Martellu. Nws pom zoo pab, tiam sis tsuas yog nyob rau kev mob uas paub lub primacy ntawm Aquitaine francs. Cov koom pheej tsis xyuam xim rau nws. Lawv commander ntseeg hais tias cov Franks - ib tug tsiaj qus Germanic pab pawg neeg, uas tsis paub yuav ua li cas sib ntaus sib tua. Lawv underestimated lub dag lub zog ntawm cov yeeb ncuab, thiab nws yog ib tug ntawm cov yog vim li cas rau lawv swb.

battlefield xaiv los ntawm lub Karl Martell. Nws xav kom nws pab tub rog twb stationed ntawm ib lub toj them nrog hav zoov, thiab nyob rau hauv thawj nres yuav tau ncaim cov koom pheej. Thiab nws ua tau zoo. Yog li ntawd lub nroog, nyob rau hauv uas lub Franks yeej lub koom pheej, tus tswv zos ntawm lub palace ntawm Austrasia xaiv nws. Qhov no cheeb tsam yog ib nrab-txoj kev nyob nruab nrab ntawm Tours thiab Poitiers. Uas yog vim li cas historians hu rau sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau hauv sawv cev ntawm ib tug los yog lwm yam ntawm lub nroog. Lub caij ntuj no yog los, uas cov koom pheej twb tsis npaj txhij. Karl Martell tos ib lub lim tiam kom tau lawv mus tua nws nyob rau paaj lus, thiab lub sij hawm no nws yog mus reinforcements. Yog li ntawd, thaum lub as cavalry pib dua li lub Woodland, nws kom zoo dua tau raug txo kom zero. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, Carl tswj los ntawm txawv xaiv kis ceeb nyob rau hauv Cov Qib ntawm tus yeeb ncuab, ntxias ntau tus caij mus Retreat, puag khawm tus yeeb ncuab commander thiab tua nws. Yog li ntawd, sib ntaus sib tua twb yeej nyob Tours (los yog Poitiers).

nqi

Feeb ntau, ntau historians ntseeg tau hais tias lub nroog, uas lub Franks yeej lub koom pheej, los ua ib tug landmark. Lawv ntseeg hais tias cov sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Poitiers muab lub keeb kwm ntawm cov teb chaws Europe. Muaj Karl Martell nres cov koom pheej, cov teb chaws Europe yuav ua Muslim, thiab muaj yuav tsis muaj faj tim teb chaws Karla Velikogo, tsis niaj hnub civilization. Lwm pab pawg neeg ntawm historians tau sib cav hais tias qhov tseem ceeb ntawm no sib ntaus sib tua yog overrated. Piv txwv li, cov Muslim chroniclers, tab sis yog muaj leej twg paub yeej ntawm nws pab tub rog ntawm Tours, cuaj kaum sawv cev rau lub sib ntaus sib tua raws li ib tug me skirmish, uas yog tsis tshwj xeeb tshaj yog pab cov ntxiv kawm tuab si lug ntawm cov rog.

Ib txhia niaj hnub historians ntseeg hais tias lub as commander cia li xav mus plunder tus nplua nuj monastery ntawm Tours, thiab cov nquag npaj nws twb tsis. Yog li ntawd, lub assertion tias cov sib ntaus sib tua txais kev cawmdim ntseeg cov teb chaws Europe - tsawg kawg yog ib exaggeration. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, tsis muaj ntawm cov chronicle yog tsis coj tuaj rau peb lub caij nyoog lub npe ntawm lub nroog, uas lub Franks yeej lub koom pheej. Qhov tshaj plaws xwb peb paub yog hais tias muaj yog ib tug sib ntaus ntawm lub txuas ntawm ob dej ntws, lub hav zoov thiab toj, nruab nrab ntawm ob lub zos.