Chukovskiy Nikolay: biography thiab yees duab

Chukovskiy Nikolay Korneevich - tub ib tug naas ej txiv, Lavxias teb sab thiab Soviet txawj sau ntawv Korney Chukovsky, nws firstborn, uas twb tseem txuas nws lub neej mus rau cov ntaub ntawv, translations ntawm prose thiab paj huam. Nws yug los nyob rau hauv Odessa, Kaum ib hlis 4, 1965. Nws niam - Maria B. - yug ib tug Golfeld. Tom qab lub tshoob, nws mus nrog nws tus txiv nyob rau hauv London, uas thaum lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug correspondent ntawm cov ntawv luam ib tsab ntawm "Odessa Xov xwm." Ib xyoo tom qab, nws yog twb nyob rau lub hli kawg ntawm cev xeeb tub, rov qab mus rau Odessa thiab yug tau ib tug tub.

Nikolai Chukovsky: biography

Tag nrho cov kuv thaum yau Nikolai siv nyob rau hauv Petersburg thiab nyob rau hauv lub resort zos Kuokkala (St. Petersburg cheeb tsam). Surrounded los ntawm lawv cov tsev neeg yuav envy. Kuv txiv yog cov phooj ywg nrog zoo-paub nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv sau ntawv thiab paj huam xws li K. vaginitis, N. Z, M. Slonimsky, Kaverin, etc. Yog li ntawd, tus tub nws sai sai nkag tau rau hauv no voj voog. Nicholas yog muaj hmoo txaus mus ntes nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm Alexander BLOK. Lub caij ntuj sov ntawm 1921 nws thiab nws tus txiv yuav tsum tau Litfonda tsev nrog xws li zoo personalities li Osip Mandelstam, Khodasevich, R. Dobuzhinsky thiab lwm tus neeg.

Kev kawm ntawv thiab thaum ntxov creativity

Chukovskiy Nikolay Tenishev kawm tiav los ntawm tsev kawm qib siab nyob rau hauv 1921, nws siv li ob peb xyoos nyob rau cov kev tshawb fawb nyob hauv University of Petrograd iff (kom txog rau thaum xyoo 1924). Ces, nyob rau hauv 1930 nws kawm tiav los ntawm lub WMC ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Art History nyob rau hauv Lenigrada.

Thiab tsis ntev nws pib mus ua hauj lwm nrog Nikolaya Gumileva nyob rau hauv cov zajlus studio "Sounding tog." Thiab ces Chukovskiy Nikolay los ua heev ze nrog rau cov "Serapion cov kwv tij" Petrograd lub koom haum ntawm cov tub ntxhais sau ntawv. Thaum nws txawm tau los ua tus hero ntawm ib tug satirical ua hauj lwm "aristocrat" Mikhail Zoshchenko.

Voloshin

Los ntawm 1922 mus 1928 nws cov paj huam dua luam nyob rau hauv lub pseudonym Nicholas Radishchev. Nws cov paj huam pom zoo Gorky, Nikolai Gumilyov, Khodasevich. Nyob rau hauv 1928, Chukovskiy Nikolay tawm thawj sau los ntawm cov kwv huam "Los ntawm cov tsiaj qus lub vaj kaj siab", tom qab nws pib mus koom nyob rau hauv poetic perevodamm.

Leej Txiv qhia nws tus tub Maximilian Voloshin - ib tug naas ej Lavxias teb sab paj huam, kev sau ntawv critic thiab toj roob hauv pes artist thiab Mykola txawm nyob nrog nws nyob rau hauv Koktebel. Muaj nws ua paub nrog lwm tus naas ej Lavxias teb sab txawj sau ntawv thiab kws sau paj lug - Alexander Dawb.

Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-lub caij ntuj sov 1932 Chukovskij pob ncig saib mus rau ib lub so tsev Litfonda rau Koktebel. Muaj nws pom lub xeem hnub ntawm lub neej Voloshin, leej twg tuag ntawm ib tug thib ob stroke, Lub yim hli ntuj 11, 1932. Nikolai Chukovsky yog nyob rau nws lub ntees tuag. Cov phooj ywg nqa lub hleb rau lawv txhais tes rau saum lub roob Kuchuk Yanyshar.

deal

Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 1937 mus 1938, lub npe ntawm Chukovsky, ua ke nrog lub npe ntawm L. Nikulin, V. Kibalchicha H. Kuklin, B. Lifshitz, thiab lwm tus neeg raug xa mus rau nyob rau hauv lub tsev hais plaub raug rau anti-Soviet ntxhov siab ntawm cov Moscow thiab Leningrad sau ntawv. Ntes, nws dim los ntawm lub caij nyoog.

Nyob rau hauv 1939, Nicholas twb nais tau sau tseg rau hauv cov tub rog. Thaum xub thawj, nws yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub Soviet-Finnish tsov ua rog, thiab ces nyob rau hauv lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog nws muab nyob rau hauv lub tub rog voenkorom ntawv xov xwm "Liab Baltic Fleet." Nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj 41st, Nikolai Chukovsky tuaj rau ko taw los ntawm lub Baltic chaw nres nkoj ntawm Paldiski rau Tallinn nrog nws yog ib tug pab pawg neeg ntawm ob peb cov neeg los ntawm lub 10 Bomber Cua Brigade, yuav luag tag pov tseg los ntawm lub Germans nyob rau hauv thawj hnub ntawm tsov rog.

Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm lub tib lub xyoo nyob ze Moscow tua nws tus kwv Boris. Nikolai nyuaj heev raug kev txom nyem kev tuag ntawm nws tus tij laug.

Leningrad

Thaum lub sij hawm Siege ntawm Leningrad CHUKOVSKAYA kuv yog nyob rau hauv lub zos. Tom qab ntawd nws tau ua phooj ywg nrog tus naas ej critic, bibliophile A. Tarasenkova. Nyob rau hauv Lub kaum hli ntuj 1943 nws raug tsa qhia ntawm lub General Political Department ntawm cov rog ntawm lub Soviet Union, lub publisher ntawm cov rog Department. Ib tug txawj sau ntawv txuj ci tseem ceeb dim, vim hais tias lig overstayer Leonid Rachmaninoff lub tsev, nws tsis tswj kom tsa lub choj. Thaum nws rov los tsev nyob rau hauv thaum sawv ntxov, nws pom hais tias nws lub tsev twb bombed.

Nyob rau hauv 1946, Nicholas twb demobilized. Thiab ces nws pib txhais lus nrov tej hauj lwm uas nto moo txawv teb chaws sau ntawv xws li Mark Twain, R. L. Stivenson, E. Seton-Thompson, J. Tuwim thiab lwm tus neeg.

Nyob rau hauv lub 50s Chukovskij koom memoirs. Los ntawm kawg ntawm nws lub neej nws yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub Union ntawm Writers ntawm lub USSR thiab RSFSR, nws tau txais kev pab raws li tus tswj ntawm lub seem ntawm cov txhais lus ntawm tib lub Union ntawm Writers thiab yog "Soviet txawj sau ntawv" nyob rau hauv cov kev tswj ntawm lub publishing tsev.

Nikolai Chukovsky: Phau Ntawv

Nws artistic hauj lwm nws pib nrog cov paj huam, kiag li tsoos nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thiab lub ntsiab. Nws twb xub sau nyob rau hauv lub anthology "ushkuynikov" nyob rau hauv 1922 nyob rau hauv lub pseudonym IB Radishchev, nws yog peb ntawm nws cov kwv huam: "Nyob rau golden ncaws", "rau tus ntsuj plig" thiab "Thiab lub teeb yuav hlawv nyob rau hauv lub tuam tsev."

Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo nyob rau hauv cov ntawv xov xwm "Hmo" kuj muaj ob peb ntawm nws cov kwv huam. Tom qab ntawd nws pib yuav tsum luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub publishing tsev "Lavxias teb sab Kawm", "Leningrad", "Red uab lag", "Sounding dab dej", thiab lwm yam Gorky xav txhawb cov poetic kev ntawm ib tug txawj ntse txiv neej hluas. nws phau ntawv ntawm cov kwv huam "Los ntawm cov tsiaj qus lub vaj kaj siab" yuav tsum tau tso tawm nyob rau hauv 1928.

Tsis ntev nws pib muab kev koom tes nrog cov me nyuam cov phau ntawv Magazine "hedgehog" thiab "Murzilka" nyob qhov twg sau ntawv paj huam rau cov me nyuam, tab sis lawv qhia thuam yog tsis heev flattering, lawv hais tias, lawv tsis muaj zog thiab lawv yuav tsis tsim nyog nco ntsoov.

Tom qab ntawd nws yoojyim rau cov me nyuam cov paj huam thiab coj rau nws tshiab "Hluas" (1930), ib xyoos tom qab luam tawm ib phau ntawm nws novels thiab dab neeg luv luv, "Lub hnub lub tsev", thiab ces nyob rau hauv 1933 - phau ntawv "Lub taleas", lub xeem critic hais phem txog lawv: tus sau twb liam ntawm lub tsawg horizons.

Creative zoo yog tus tshiab "Yaroslavl" (1938) hais txog cov anti-Soviet uprising nyob rau hauv Yaroslavl nyob rau hauv 1918.

Tom qab tsov rog, cov ntsiab lus ntawm heroism los ua ib tug loj. Nyob rau hauv nws phau ntawv "Hiav txwv Hunter" (1945) yog qhov zaj duab xis. Ib tug ntawm cov brightest thiab qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm nws tej hauj lwm los ua lub tshiab "Baltic Ntuj" (1955).

Lub xeem xyoo ntawm nws lub neej

Nikolay Korneevich Chukovsky tuag Kaum ib hlis 4, 1965. Raws li nws tus poj niam Lydia, tom qab noj hmo nws pw mus coj ib tug pw luv thiab yeej tsis sawv. Cov kev tuag ntawm cov tub ntawm 83-xyoo-laus Korney Ivanovich yog ib tug txaus ntshai teb cog txiv. Nws ces feem ntau sau txog nws nyob rau hauv nws hmoov thiab cov tsiaj ntawv.

N. K. Chukovskogo faus nyob rau hauv Moscow thaum lub Novodevichy toj ntxas. Nws yuav txiv rau Marina Nikolaevna Reinke (1903-1993 gg.). Nws yug nws ob tug tub - Nicholas (engineer-signalman) thiab Dmitri (TV thawj coj).

Nyob rau lub hnub tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev tuag ntawm ib tug ntawm cov "Serapion" sau hais tias Chukovsky yog ib tug tiag tiag txawj sau ntawv 30s, 40s thiab 50s, tab sis ib tug txiv neej ntawm 20 lub, uas yog yus muaj los ntawm kev ras paub txog ntawm lub luag hauj lwm ntawm txoj kev pab cov poj ntaub ntawv, cov kev ntsuas ntawm saj thiab imagery.