Bronchodilators: Ib daim ntawv ntawm cov tshuaj, cov teebmeem thiab daim ntawv thov. kev faib ntawm bronchodilators

Ntawm kuj zoo kawg tseem ceeb rau tib neeg lub neej yog lub pa system. Ib tug tsis muaj zog txaus tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab ntau yam kab mob muaj peev xwm ntxias ua pa kab mob uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm lub neej. Rau cov kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob xws kws kho mob-siv npaj bronchodilators. Tom ntej no, xav txog yuav ua li cas cov tshuaj, lawv kev faib thiab siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam kab mob ntawm lub ntsws kabmob.

Yuav ua li cas yog bronchodilators

Yuav kom muaj xws li bronchodilators tshuaj thiab cov tshuaj uas pab bronchospasm thiab sib ntaus sib tua ua rau bronchial constriction.

Nyob rau hauv dab tsi kab mob tej zaum yuav tshwm sim xws xeev, xav txog ntxiv lawm.

Uas cov kab mob siv bronchodilators

Muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov kab mob nyob rau hauv uas tej zaum yuav tsim lub nram qab no cov tsos mob:

• Bronchospasm.
• O.
• Hypersecretion ntawm hnoos qeev.
• Bronchoconstriction.

Cov kev loj hlob ntawm tej tsos mob yog tau nrog cov nram qab no cov kab mob:

• COPD.
• Bronchial hawb pob.
• Obstructive mob ntsws.
• Bronchiolitis obliterans.
• Bronchiectasis.
• Cystic fibrosis.
• Ciliary dyskinesia syndrome.
• Bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

bronchodilators ntawm ntau hom tej zaum yuav siv los mus tiv thaiv bronchospasm.

hom bronchodilators

Kws kev lag luam ua ntau hom tshuaj nyob rau hauv pab pawg neeg no:

• Ntsiav tshuaj.
• Syrups.
• Tshuaj kev txhaj tshuaj.
• Tshuaj txau.
• Nebulizers.

Kuj yuav tau muab faib mus rau hauv ob peb lub chav kawm ntawm bronchodilators.

Classification thiab daim ntawv teev cov tshuaj

1. Agonists. Qhov no pab pawg neeg no muaj xws li cov tshuaj uas yuav tau tsis txhob tawm tsam ntawm bronchial dab tsi thaiv. By ua kom cov adrenergic receptors relaxes cov nqaij ntshiv ntawm lub bronchi. Yog hais tias peb xav txog cov bronchodilators, tshuaj daim ntawv teev yog raws li nram no:

• "Epinephrine".
• "Isoprenaline".
• "Salbutamol".
• "Fenoterol".
• "Ephedrine".

2. M holinoblokatory. Nws kuj yog siv los thaiv tawm tsam ntawm bronchial dab tsi thaiv. Tshuaj nyob rau hauv pab pawg neeg no yog tsis tau tso tawm rau hauv cov hlab ntsha thiab tsis muaj ib tug mauj kev txiav txim. Tej zaum lawv yuav siv tau rau nqus tau pa xwb. Koj yuav ua tau cov nram no daim ntawv teev cov tshuaj:

• "Atropine sulfate."
• "Metacin".
• "Ipratropium bromide."
• "Flomax".

3. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Brohoobstruktsii cropped tawm tsam los ntawm relaxing lub bronchial tus nqaij los ntawm calcium deposition nyob rau hauv lub endoplasmic reticulum vim yuav txo tau ntawm nws kom muaj nuj nqis nyob rau hauv lub cell. Kev txhim kho peripheral cua, lub aperture muaj nuj nqi. Qhov no pab pawg neeg no muaj xws li:

• "Theophylline".
• "Theobromine".
• "Eufillin".

Siv cov tshuaj tej zaum yuav ua rau kiv taub hau, tachycardia, ntse txo nyob rau hauv cov ntshav siab.

4. Stabilizers roj cell week. Siv heev dua lwm yam rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm bronchial spasm. Thaiv calcium raws thiab tej zaum yuav khaum nkag teb chaws ntawm calcium rau hauv mast hlwb, li no ua txhaum lawv degranulation thiab histamine tawm los. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawm tus nres sawv, cov tshuaj no twb tsis zoo. Lawv yog siv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj los sis cov ntaub ntawv nqus tau cov pa bronchodilators. Daim ntawv teev cov tshuaj yog raws li nram no:

• "Cromolyn."
• "Nedocromil".
• "Ketotifen".

5. corticosteroids. Cov tshuaj siv nyob rau hauv cov kev kho mob ntawm complex ntaub ntawv ntawm bronchial hawb pob. Nws kuj yuav siv rau kev tiv thaiv thiab nyem ntawm bronchospasm tawm tsam. Daim ntawv yuav tsum muaj xws li cov nram qab no cov tshuaj:

• "Hydrocortisone".
• "Prednisolone".
• "Dexamethasone".
• "Triamitsinolon".
• "Beclomethasone".

6. Calcium channel blockers. Siv rau cupping bronhoobstuktsii. Vim lub calcium channel thaiv cov hlab calcium pheej tsis tshua mus rau ntawm tes, uas ua nyob rau hauv lub so ntawm bronchial hlab. Thiaj li chua, ceev coronary thiab peripheral hlab ntsha. Rau cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv pab pawg neeg no muaj xws li:

• "Nifedipine".
• "Isradipine".

7. Tshuaj nrog antileukotriene kev txiav txim. Thaiv cov hlab leukotriene receptors txhawb so bronchi. Siv hom tshuaj rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm bronchial tawm tsam.

Lawv yog cov zoo heev nyob rau hauv kev kho cov kab mob uas ua los ntawm heev siv uas tsis yog-tshuaj, anti-inflammatory siv tshuaj. Pawg no muaj xws li cov nram qab no cov tshuaj:

• "Zafirlukast".
• "Montelukast."

Concluding, nws yuav tsum tau hais tias nws ncaj qha txiav txim bronchodilators feem ntau nyob rau hauv so bronchi, tab sis nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev. Muab cov nta bronchodilators, yam kab mob thiab tus neeg mob lub particular kab mob, yuav tsum muab ib txoj kev kho.

Spirography cov hlab ntsws qhib

Rau ib daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov neeg mob uas feem ntau muaj cov kab mob ntawm lub ntsws kabmob, taw spirography. Feem ntau cov feem ntau nyob rau hauv tus neeg mob qhov twg muaj cov nram qab no cov tsos mob:

• Ib tug hnoos uas tsis nres rau ib tug ntev lub sij hawm twb.
• Txog siav ua tsis taus pa.
• Cov ua tsis taus pa yuav tau hnov hawb pob, whistling.
• Yog hais tias koj muaj teeb meem ua pa.

Qhov no daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas txoj kev tso cai rau koj mus ntes hloov nyob rau hauv lub ntsws ntim thiab functionality. Qhov no txoj kev yog kev ruaj ntseg kiag, tab sis nws muab ib tug ntau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv rau lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj kev kho.

Yuav kom spirography yuav ua tau siv bronchodilators. Daim ntawv teev cov tshuaj muaj xws li cov nram qab no medicaments:

• "Berotek".
• "Ventalin".

Spirography cov hlab ntsws qhib ua ntej thiab tom qab noj cov tshuaj, kom paub yuav ua li cas lub cuab tam rau cov hauj lwm ntawm lub ntsws. Tsis tas li ntawd, Yog hais tias cov tshuaj siv, relaxing bronchial leeg, nws yog txiav txim seb bronchospasm reversible los yog irreversible. Cov tshuaj yog tau txais los ntawm lub Cav Tshuab Pa Tshuaj los yog aerosol.

Kev tshem tawm ntawm muaj mob hawb pob

Tsis txhob koj cov xim rau cov tshuaj siv nyob rau hauv mob hawb pob. Bronchodilators nyob rau hauv hawb pob yog tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tshuaj uas yog tsim nyog rau ib tug asthmatic li los daws cia li tawm tsam raws li zoo raws li rau lawv cov prophylaxis. Qhov no yuav muaj xws li cov nram qab no ntawm bronchodilators:

• Beta-agonists.
• Anticholinergic tshuaj.
• "Theophylline".

Tshuaj ntawm cov thawj ob pawg yog zoo tshaj plaws coj siv ib tug tshuaj txau los yog Cav Tshuab Pa Tshuaj.

Thaum ib tug mob hawb pob nres tau arisen ib qho mob ceev yuav tsum tau muab kev pab rau cov hom phiaj no, ib tug luv luv-acting nqus tau cov pa bronchodilators. Lawv sai sai muab tshem tawm los ntawm bronchospasm bronchus qhia tawm. Tsis pub dhau feeb, bronchodilators yuav alleviate tus mob ntawm tus neeg mob, thiab cov nyhuv tseem rau 2-4 teev. Nrog rau cov kev pab ntawm ib tug tshuaj txau los yog Cav Tshuab Pa Tshuaj yuav tshem tawm bronchospasm nres nyob rau ntawm lub tsev. Qhov no txoj kev ntawm tus me nyuam cov tshuaj mus rau lub pa system thiaj li tus naj npawb ntawm tej kev phiv, tsis zoo li kev noj cov ntsiav tshuaj los yog tshuaj yuav tsum tau mus rau hauv cov ntshav.

Siv luv luv-kuj bronchodilators tawm tsam, peb yuav tsum nco ntsoov hais tias qhov no yog cia li ib tug tsheb thauj neeg mob. Yog hais tias koj yuav tau siv lawv ntau tshaj li ob zaug ib lub lim tiam, koj yuav tsum tham ib tug kws kho mob. Tej zaum nws yog tsim nyog los ntxiv dag zog tswj nyob rau thaum kawg ntawm tus kab mob, tej zaum koj yuav xav tau mus rau reconsider kev kho mob txoj kev.

Tswj tau qhov qaug dab peg bronchodilators

Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav kom cov qaug dab peg nyob rau hauv kev tswj, koj yuav tsum siv ib tug ntev-sawv bronchodilators. Lawv muaj peev xwm kuj yuav npaum li cas los nqus tau pa. Cov nyhuv no yuav khaws cia kom txog 12 teev. Cov tshuaj xws li cov nram qab no:

• "Formoterol". Nws yuav siv sij hawm nyhuv hauv 5-10 feeb. Nws yuav siv tau rau tshem cov kev tawm tsam thiab los kho lawv. Nws yuav siv tau rau cov me nyuam, tiam sis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub saib xyuas ntawm ib tug neeg laus.
• "Salmetorol". Tsis tas li ntawd tshem tawm tawm tsam tsis pub dhau feeb. Cov nyhuv tsawv txog li 12 teev. Qhov no tshuaj yuav siv tau tsuas yog cov neeg laus.

kev kho mob ntawm ntsws

Ntawm cov hoob kawm, feem ntau cia li yuav tsum tau bronchodilators ntsws. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yog hais tias tus kab mob tau tsiv nyob rau hauv lub mob theem los yog bronchial rhuav txhua yog cai. Rau cov kev kho mob ntawm bronchitis, koj muaj peev xwm siv ntau yam ntawm bronchodilators. Daim ntawv teev cov tshuaj tej zaum yuav zoo li no:

• "Izadrin".
• "Ipradol".
• "Salbutamol".
• "Flomax".
• "Eufillin".

Heev zoo zoo nyob rau hauv cov kev kho mob ntawm ntsws yog tiav los ntawm kev siv bronchodilators rau nqus tau pa siv ib tug Cav Tshuab Pa Tshuaj los yog tshuaj txau. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov hlab ntsws qhib, xws li 'Salbutamol', mus ncaj qha mus rau hauv lub inflammatory kom pom tseeb thiab pib muaj kev cuam tshuam qhov teeb meem tsis tau txais mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha nyob rau tib lub sij hawm. Qhov no ho thiaj li manifestation kev phiv tshuaj mus rau yeeb tshuaj. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb tias cov txheej txheem yuav nqa tawm thiab cov me nyuam uas tsis muaj kev raug mob rau kev kho mob, tab sis mus rau kuj zoo kawg thiab nyob rau hauv cov kev kho mob ntawm tus kab mob.

Thiab tam sim no ib tug ob peb lo lus hais txog kev phiv cov txheej xwm bronchodilators.

phiv

Thaum uas siv cov bronchodilators luv luv los yog ntev-acting yuav tsis quav ntsej rau sab los. Thaum koj tau txais ib tug luv luv-kuj bronchodilators - yog xws li 'Salbutamol', 'terbutaline, "" fenoterol "- yog tau undesirable txim:

• Kiv taub hau.
• Mob taub hau.
• Laim, tshee ntawm lub nqua.
• Jitters.
• Tachycardia, palpitations.
• Arrhythmia.
• Nce cov ntshav siab.
• Npau taws me ntsis.
• Hypokalemia.

Cas tso formulations, xws li "Salmeterol" "formoterol", yus muaj los ntawm cov nram qab no tshwm sim tsis zoo:

• Tremor ntawm ob txhais tes thiab ob txhais taw.
• Kiv taub hau.
• Mob taub hau.
• Nqaij laim.
• Palpitations.
• Cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv saj.
• Xeev siab.
• pw tsaug zog ntxaug.
• Hypokalemia.
• Cov neeg mob hawb pob yuav tsim kev mob loj paradoxical bronchospasm.

Thaum tshwm sim ntawm tej kev phiv koj yuav tsum qhia rau koj tus kws kho mob yuav tau kho cov koob tshuaj los yog hloov cov tshuaj noj.

Contraindications

Muaj cov kab mob nyob rau hauv uas siv yog txhob bronchodilators kuj luv luv lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm. Namely:

• Hyperthyroidism.
• Lub plawv tus kab mob.
• Tawg.
• Mob ntshav qab zib.
• Mob npuas paug.

Koj yuav tsum kuj yuav tau ceev faj heev nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm cov tej yam kev mob thaum tau txais bronchodilators lwm pab pawg.

Ceeb toom kuj uas rau cev xeeb tub cov poj niam yog zoo tshaj plaws xaiv ib tug luv luv-kuj bronchodilators. Duration ntawm cov tshuaj "Theophylline" yuav raug coj mus rau lub 2 nqe lus yog tsis ntau tshaj 1 lub sij hawm ib hnub twg. Ua ntej tus me nyuam nyob rau hauv 2-3 lub lim piam yog tsim nyog los tshem tawm qhov ntev-sawv bronchodilators txais tos.

Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias tsis yog txhua txhua ntawm bronchodilators tej zaum yuav muab rau cov me nyuam, niam thiab cev xeeb tub cov poj niam.

Ua ntej siv cov tshuaj no yuav tsum tau sab laj nrog koj tus kws kho mob.

ceev faj

Yog hais tias koj raug bronchodilators, siv cov tshuaj thiab cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau nruj me ntsis cai kom tsis txhob raug mob mus rau lawv noj qab haus huv.

Kev kho mob ntawm cov me nyuam nrog rau cov kev siv ntawm ib tug Cav Tshuab Pa Tshuaj los yog tshuaj txau cov hlab ntsws qhib kev nruj me ntsis nyob rau hauv lub saib xyuas ntawm ib tug neeg laus.

Nws yuav tsum muaj tshwj xeeb ceev faj rau qhov kho tib neeg muaj:

• Lub plawv atherosclerosis teeb.
• Ntshav siab.
• Mob ntshav qab zib mellitus.
• GLAUCOMA.

Ceev faj yuav tsum raug siv nrog rau lwm cov bronchodilators sympathomimetics. Nco ntsoov tias muaj peev xwm tsim hypokalemia nrog concomitant thawj coj nrog theophylline, corticosteroids, diuretics.

Bronchodilators yuav tsum tau coj tsuas yog nyob rau cov tshuaj. Nco ntsoov hais tias nws tus kheej-tshuaj yog txoj sia.