Battleship Gangut: hauj lwm, keeb kwm, commanders thiab nthuav tseeb

Battleship "Hanko" ua ke nrog 3 ships ntawm no series raug tso rau 16.06.1909 Admiralty shipyard. Qhov no yog thaum pib ntawm lub rooj txhawb siab ntawm Lavxias teb sab fleet. Lub community launch tau tuav 24.09.1911, nws finishing ntawd kub ntev li 2 xyoos. Nyob rau hauv 1913, nws tau tso lub xeem, txaus, thiab nyob rau hauv lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1914 tuaj koom lub 1 Brigade ntawm lub nkoj tua rog ntawm lub Baltic Fleet.

KEEB KWM siv tshiab ships

Lub nkag tau rau qhov kev siv ntawm plaub lub nkoj tua rog ntawm lub hiav txwv Baltic, nrog rau cov battleship "Hanko," yog tus ua kom tiav swb ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab-Japanese tsov rog ntawm 1905. Cov xwm txheej no ntawm Tsushima muab ua ntej Nicholas II thiab tsoom fwv hauv lub Lavxias teb sab teb chaws Ottoman, lub ob feem ntau tseem ceeb paub tab uas yuav tsum tau yuav tsum tau nyob urgently:

• Tag nrho cov backwardness ntawm Lavxias teb sab fleet nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog rau lwm cov capitalist lub xeev.
• Tsis mismatch tswj system cov kev xav tau thiab cov hom phiaj ntawm cov kev cob qhia cadre uas tau yuav tsum tau mus nyob rau cov teeb meem ntawm lub tsev thiab kev tsim tsa ntawm lub fleet.

Lub fact tias lub taub hau ntawm lub naval rog ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws twb tsis tau ntsib dua Admirals uas yog me ntsis txog cov nias xav tau kev pab ntawm cov fleet yog tsis hearsay, tsis tau ntsib strategists thiab tacticians, thiab Admiral-General, leej twg tus huab tais tau tsa ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub imperial tsev neeg. Assistant dav dav saib xyuas ntawm lub Admiral yog tus naval department.

Tag nrho cov tseem ceeb kev txiav txim siab thiab kev txiav txim ntawm cov rog muab nws tus kheej tus huab tais, uas tsis to taub nyob rau hauv cov tub rog, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv. Feem xeev yog tsis ua tub rog tej lus qhuab qhia, uas yuav muaj cov kev loj hlob ntawm lub nkoj-tsev cov kev pab cuam thiab kev specifications rau qhov kev siv ntawm ships thiab naval khoom.

Nws tuaj mus rau qhov tseeb hais tias Russia tsis muaj lub tsev hais plaub tsis tau tsuas yog mus rau lub hiav txwv - yuav luag tsis muaj dab tsi los mus tiv thaiv tus ciam teb.

shipbuilding kev pab cuam

ob tug me me cov kev pab cuam tau tsim, raws li uas nyob rau hauv ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm yuav tsum tau ua rau lub Baltic thiab Dub hiav txwv fleets ntawm tsheb tshiab. yog los mus tsim ib lub nkoj 4 yog tsim nyog rau lub hiav txwv Baltic, nrog rau cov battleship "Hanko", 3 submarines thiab ib leej niam nkoj rau lawv cov kev pab.

Rau cov Dub hiav txwv fleet yuav tsum tau tsim 14 ncuab thiab peb submarines. Qaib ntxhw, pom qhov teeb meem no rau hauv lub dub hiav txwv, txiav txim siab ua urgently yuav 3 newest lub nkoj tua rog nyob rau hauv ces thiab Brazil. Yog li ntawd, kev hloov no yog ua los tam sim ntawd thiab yog npaj los tsim kom tau peb zoo xws li cov hom nkoj "Empress Maria", 9 ncuab thiab "Tuav" hom 6 submarines.

Los ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog kuv nyob rau hauv 1914, tsis muaj leej twg ntawm cov kev pab cuam tsis tau ua, Ntxiv, tsis muaj ib lub nkoj twb tsis launched.

Series ships, nrog rau cov battleship "Hanko"

Tag nrho plaub dreadnoughts rau lub Baltic Fleet Series "Hanko" tau tso cia nyob rau hauv ib hnub, 6/16/1909, thaum lub Admiralty shipyard. Lawv siv tau nqa tawm nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm tej Lavxias teb sab engineers. Lub ntsiab lwm tus twb Lavxias teb sab qhauj. Armor yog nrog Izhora, artillery - nrog Obukhov, artillery ntauwd - nrog Putilovsky thiab hlau factories.

Nyob rau hauv lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj, lawv launched rau, tab sis zoo thiab kawm tiav ntawm lub nkoj tua rog ncua. Ua: Lavxias teb sab nroj tsuag yuav tsum tau tsim tshiab technology uas lawv coped uas muaj teeb meem; txawv teb chaws tuam txab, uas tau muab tso rau kev txiav txim rau cov khoom rau ships, txhob txwm tshaj tawm cuam tshuam thiab ncua khoom xa tuaj. Cov tshwm sim ntawm lamentable. Subquality ships tau commissioned nyob rau hauv lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1914, thiab feem ntau ntawm cov tsov rog sawv nyob rau hauv txoj kev, tsis muaj firing ib zaug xwb txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv.

hauj lwm ships

Tej yaam num lub nkoj tua rog, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, tau paub ntau rau cov pib ntawm lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua, tab sis muaj nuj nqis rau lub sij hawm los yog cov txhais tau tias kom coj lawv mus rau lub siab. Nws twb tsis tau mus soj ntsuam ua ntej tus me nyuam ntawm cov ships, uas yuav pub rau kho kom raug. Lawv twb nqa tawm los ntawm cov neeg tsav nkoj, thaum tsis muaj dab tsi yuav muaj tseeb. Cov kev tshwm sim tau disappointing rau cov neeg uas lawv yog tam sim ntawd dej num raws li daim card, thiab cov ships ntawm tsov rog sawv nyob rau hauv txoj kev.

Rau dreadnoughts cov ntaub ntawv twb yus muaj los ntawm ib tug yooj yim silhouette: lub qaum lawj muaj ib tug ncaj kab, qhov plaub yees ntawm lub Civil Code tau nyob rau hauv tib theem, ob choppers thiab ob kav. Cov tag nrho lub cev yog muab faib mus rau hauv kaum peb transverse compartments watertight bulkheads. Peb armored lawj. Ntauwd ntsiab roj teeb teem equidistantly txheeb ze rau txhua tus lwm yam.

Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ib feem ntawm lub nkoj yog ib tug boiler thiab engine installation. Thaj chaw teams nyob rau hauv tus hneev. Nyob rau hauv lub rear - tsis muaj tsev nyob cov tub ceev xwm 'cabins, thaum uas tig kauj iav, lub hwj chim, mloog xov tooj cua hauv chav tsev.

Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov "Hanko" lub nkoj tua rog yog cov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov txiag ntawm artillery. Ntawm no, cov txiaj xu tau ua Obukhov tsob nroj, tsim ib tug tshiab phom 52 caliber thiab kev hlau Hoobkas tsim trohorudiynaya ntauwd installation. Kaum Ob tug 305 hli sai-phom, thiab ntau yam yog nyob rau ntawm ib angular nce 25 degrees siab tshaj 23 km.

Ntauwd installation muaj tus luj ntawm 773 tons thiab tau nruab nrog chaw dim pa thiab cua sov. Nyob rau hauv pej thuam yog cov cia ntawm cov mos txwv. Ob-phom plutongi yam siv 120-millimeter kuv phom. Firing ntsiab thiab caliber ntawm kuv cov twb tau tej tshuaj uas siv Heusler system 2 thiab tus kho qhov muag rangefinders.

Zoo thiab tsis zoo

Lub ntsiab kom zoo dua ntawm lub battleship "Hanko" yog undoubtedly lub artillery, uas nyob rau hauv ntau lub respects superior rau txawv teb chaws analogues. Ntawm no undeniable nqis developers thiab executors ntawm ob Lavxias teb sab nroj tsuag - Obukhov thiab hlau.

Rau tus so, nws paub tseeb hais tias qhov tseeb - lub cev tsis mus rau reconcile lub irreconcilable, tsis pab dab tsi. Nws yog hais txog combining haib riam phom, armor impenetrable, siab khiav ceev, loj Cruising ntau yam. Nws tag nrho ua ke yog tsis yooj yim sua rau lub sij hawm no. Nws yog tsim nyog los txi ib yam dab tsi kom tau los ze zog mus rau lub yam tshwm sim. Qhov no yog ua nyob rau hauv cov nuj nqis ntawm tej cuab yeej thiab nyob tej yam kev mob ntawm cov neeg coob. Zuj zus nyob xwb Japanese sailors.

Lwm tseem ceeb disadvantage tau muaj pov thawj heev uas tsis muaj seakeeping. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua rau noj nyob rau hauv lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib txaus roj vim muaj ib tug catastrophic meltdown. Nws paub tseeb hais tias qhov no Oceanic trek nyob rau hauv 1929.

hostilities

Cuaj kaum, tus battleship "Hanko" koom nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub ntiaj teb ua ntej ua tsov ua rog. Nyob rau hauv Kaum ib hlis 1915 cruisers ntawm lub 1 Brigade, nyob rau hauv lub guise ntawm battleship "Petropavlovsk" thiab "Hanko" nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm cov kob ntawm Gotland muaj los mas ntau tshaj li 550 feeb.

Nyob rau hauv 1918, qhov kev hloov lawm battleship los ntawm Helsingfors rau Kronstadt. Tom qab reconstruction nyob rau hauv 1925, nws renamed lub "Lub kaum hli ntuj kiv puag ncig". Nws yuav siv sij hawm yog ib feem nyob rau hauv lub Russo-Finnish ua tsov ua rog. Thaum lub sij hawm lub Great Patriotic defended Leningrad. Qhov no warship, uas, txawm nws muaj kev tsis zoo tag nrho, ua tsaug rau Lavxias teb sab thiab Soviet sailors thiab tub ceev xwm uas dhau glorious txoj kev.

Nyob 47 xyoo ntawm cov kev pab, cov fleet ntawm Russia, thiab ces - qhov Soviet Union, hloov ib tug ntau ntawm cov commanders ntawm lub battleship "Hanko". Rau feem ntau feem, nws yog zoo tub ceev xwm, los mus rau kev li kev cai ntawm Lavxias teb sab fleet. Cov kev pab cuam, nyob rau hauv 1944, lub battleship muab qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub Red Banner.

Battleship "Hanko" (1890): lub keeb kwm ntawm creation

Battleship "Hanko" - yog tsis tsuas yog lub nkoj nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Navy nrog tib lub npe. 4. Muaj tau hu ua lub nkoj uas zoo kawg nkaus lub npe tau los ua ib tug kev lig kev cai. Txhua lub nkoj nws muaj nws tus kheej destiny thiab lub hom phiaj, tab sis lawv cov ties ua ke ib lub npe thiab koom rau lub glorious Lavxias teb sab Navy. Lub npe ntawm lub nkoj yog muab nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm dhaus Cape ntawm Hanko, nyob ze ntawm lub ceg av qab teb ntawm Hanko, Finland, uas tau ua tiav thawj yeej ntawm Lavxias teb sab fleet tshaj Swedish.

Zaug "Hanko '(1890) yog peb txog ntsha nrog tib lub npe. Nws twb ua tau raws li ib feem ntawm ib tug 20-xyoo shipbuilding kev pab cuam. Raws li kws txawj, cov battleship tsim yog tsis zoo heev, thiab qhov zoo tshaj ntawm kev tsim kho yog ib tug neeg pluag, uas coj nws thiaj li mus rau lub kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub nkoj. Nws lub ntsiab drawback - siab overload, uas, li cas los xij, yog ib tug kev puas tsuaj tsis tsuas mus rau Lavxias teb sab shipbuilding kev lag luam. Qhov no yog ib qho teeb meem ces yuav tsum thiab lwm lub teb chaws.

Battleship Lavxias teb sab Imperial Fleet "Hanko" twb nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg nyob rau Admiralty shipyard nyob rau hauv 1888. Ob xyoos tom qab nws ua nws qhovntsej thiaj tsis mob mus rau cov dej. Tiav nyob rau hauv xyoo 1894. Thaum lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm nws tau txais overload ntawm 600 tonnes, uas coj mus rau ib qho kev nce nyob rau hauv deposits thiab ib tug txo nyob rau hauv ceev.

Cov kev tuag ntawm cov battleship "Hanko"

Nrog rau qhov no nkoj tshwm sim yuav luag mystical zaj dabneeg, uas coj mus rau nws txoj kev tuag. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg 1896 lub battleship rammed lub hauv qab ntawm lub nkoj aground rau ib lub pob zeb uas luag coj mus rau nws txoj kev tuag. Nws tau txais nws txav mus rau Kronstadt, qhov twg nws muab tso rau hauv lub chaw thau nkoj rau kho, uas mus nyob rau hauv lub saib xyuas ntawm tus legendary Admiral Makarov li Nyob rau hauv Lub rau hli ntuj 1897 nws coj ib feem nyob rau hauv tactical ce, rov qab los ntawm uas sau rau hauv uncharted submerged pob zeb.

Rau teev cov neeg coob heroically tiv thaiv rau lub neej ntawm lub nkoj. Tiam sis tag nrho los tsis muaj avail. Txuag lub nkoj yog tsis tau vim txhaum txoj cai ntawm ceev ceev partitions uas tau tso cai thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho. Nws tau mus rau hauv qab thiab yog tseem nyob rau ntawm ib tug tob ntawm Vyborg Bay. Ntawm cov neeg coob tsis yog ib tug tib neeg tuag. Tus tauj ncov loj Tichotsky KM tus kheej kuv mus kuaj txhua ces kaum ntawm ib tug sinking nkoj, thiab tsuas yog tom qab ua ntseeg hais tias tag nrho cov cawm nej dim, tso nws tseg.

Publisher "Hanko". Monograph Series "Midel ncej"

Ships, zoo li tib neeg, muaj lawv tus kheej destiny. Nyob rau hauv ib co nws yog ib tug ntev lub neej tag nrho ntawm victories thiab lub yeeb koob. Ob - thiv, ua tib zoo nqa tawm lawv ua hauj lwm. Tseem lwm tus - cov neeg uas muaj luv luv tab sis kaj lub neej. Rau cov neeg uas xav nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm lub fleet, lub ships, lawv txoj hmoo thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog publishing "Hanko" ua ib tug series ntawm monographs cai "Midel ncej", txhua qhov teeb meem yog nplooj siab mus rau ib tug los yog ib tug series ntawm drawings ntawm ships nrog rau daim ntawv thov rau cov simulation. Nrog qhov kev tso tawm tau raug npaj los ntawm publishing tsev "Hanko" - "Midel ncej", "Battleship" Empress Maria "- drawings".

Battlecruiser "Hanko", tsis zoo li tus battleship "Empress Maria" - yog ib tug qub tub rog, ob lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog. Nws nthuav lub neej, hais txog cov neeg uas tau coj lub yeeb koob rau hauv lub nkoj, lub publishing tsev "Hanko" nyob rau hauv ib tug series ntawm monographs "Midel ncej" yog ib chav tsev nplooj siab mus rau lub battleship "Hanko". Drawings yuav pab cov tub txawg ua tus qauv thiab nyeem nthuav cov lus qhia txog cov hlab thiab lub neej ntawm cov neeg uas lub nkoj nyob hauv tsev thiab cov dej num chaw nres tsheb. Tsim ib lub nkoj nrog lawv tus kheej txhais tes - dab tsi yuav nthuav ntau? Tus qauv ntawm lub battleship "Hanko" nyob rau hauv lub scale ntawm 1: 350.

xaus

Lub keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab fleet yog tag nrho ntawm nthuav cov lus tseeb. Nws yuav zoo li uas kev tuag ntawm tus battleship "Hanko" - zoo, hais tias muaj tej zaum yuav nthuav? Tsis hero raws li lub "Varyag" raug tua sib ntaus sib tua nrog cov yeeb ncuab. Tab sis qhov no tsis yog cov ntaub. Nws yog ib tug tu siab qhov tseeb, thiab, raws li tab sis yog nws yuav sound cynical, qhov no zaj lus qhia, ntxiv dag zog rau qhov yuav tsum tau rau unsinkable ships tau muab rho tawm. Lub tswv yim txog ntawm Admiral Makarov li, watertight bulkheads yog tam sim no tuaj kuaj nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev tshiab, uas rua lub neej ntawm ntau sailors thaum lub sij hawm tsawg feempua sibtsoo ua. Ib tug feat tus tauj ncov loj 1 qib Tichotsky KM thiab nws pab neeg, uas 6 teev, nrog rau thaum hmo ntuj los candlelight, ua txhua yam los cawm hauv lub nkoj, yog tsim nyog ntawm veneration.