Yeej cov lus thiab kev hais lus yeej. Kev lus yeej

Stylesheet Language - yog ntau yam, uas pab ib tug los yog lwm yam sab ntawm lub social lub neej. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv muaj ib co heev chaw: lub hom phiaj los yog kev siv ntawm qhov teeb meem no, rau hauv daim ntawv nyob rau hauv uas lawv muaj nyob, thiab ib co ntawm cov lus pab.

Tus heev tswvyim yog muab tau los ntawm Greek lo lus "stilos", uas meant ib stick mus rau tsab ntawv. Raws li ib tug scientific kev qhuab qhia tau noj zoo nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm tus twenties ntawm lub thib nees nkaum caug xyoo. Ntawm cov neeg uas tau kom huv si tshawb xyuas cov teeb meem ntawm stylistics, yog M. V. Lomonosov, F. Buslaev, G. O. Vinokur, E. D. Polivanov. Loj mloog yog them rau ib tug neeg ua hauj yeej D. E. Rosenthal, VV Vinogradov, M. N. Kozhina thiab lwm tus neeg.

Tsib yeej ntawm kev hais lus nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lus

Kev lus yeej - yog tej yam ntxwv ntawm tus hais lus rau nws tus kheej, los yog nws cov kev sib raug zoo hom, tej lus thiab sau ntawv, uas sib tau tau thiab txoj kev xav.

Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab, lawv feeb muab faib ua tsib hom:

• Elementary;
• official ua lag ua luam;
• soj ntsuam;
• publicist;
• Art.

Standards thiab cov tswvyim txog txhua nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm era thiab hloov lub sij hawm. Kom txog thaum lub XVII xyoo pua colloquial thiab bookish paub cov ntsiab lus differed heev. Lavxias teb sab lus los ua cov zajlus xwb nyob rau hauv lub XVIII xyoo pua, ua tsaug lom zem ntau mus rau lub dag zog ntawm M. V. Lomonosova. Niaj hnub nimno cov lus style pib coj zoo lawm nyob rau tib lub sij hawm.

Yug yeej

Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm muaj lub tsev teev ntuj tej ntaub ntawv, ua lag ua luam ntaub ntawv thiab keeb kwm. Nes mas hais txhua hnub lus differed los ntawm lawv xav txaus. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, domestic thiab ua lag ua luam cov ntaub ntawv muaj ib tug ntau nyob rau hauv ntau. M. V. Lomonosov tau ua kom hloov qhov teeb meem no ib tug ntau ntawm kev rau siab.

Nws tau tso lub hauv paus rau lub ancient kev tshawb xav, qhov tseem ceeb lub siab, tsawg tsawg thiab nruab nrab yeej. Raws li nws, Lavxias teb sab kev sau ntawv lus twb tsim raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov kev sib koom txoj kev loj hlob ntawm phau ntawv thiab colloquial variants. Nws coj raws li ib lub hauv paus stylistically nruab nrab cov ntaub ntawv thiab kab zauv ntawm ib tug thiab lwm yam, tso cai rau kev siv ntawm tus neeg lub kab zauv thiab txwv tsis pub siv ntawm me ntsis-paub thiab kev Slavonicisms. Tsaug rau M. V. Lomonosovu ces uas twb muaj lawm scientific lus yeej Iwj.

Tom qab, A. S. Pushkin muab impetus mus rau lub ntxiv kev loj hlob ntawm style. Nws ua hauj lwm muab lub hauv paus rau lub kos duab style.

Moscow tus txiav txim thiab Peter lub kho tau lub hauv paus pib ntawm lub official-ua lag ua luam yam lus. Cov ancient keeb kwm, cov lus qhuab qhia thiab tej lus qhia tsim lub hauv paus ntawm journalistic style. Nyob rau hauv cov zajlus version, nws pib coj zoo lawm xwb nyob rau hauv lub XVIII caug xyoo. Rau hnub tim, tag nrho 5 yam lus yeej yog dai kom zoo nkauj kom meej meej heev thiab muaj lawv tus kheej subspecies.

conversational tsev neeg

Raws li lub npe paub licas hais, qhov no style ntawm kev hais lus siv nyob rau hauv txhua hnub kev sib txuas lus. Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lub jargon thiab dialects, nws yog raws li nyob rau hauv cov zajlus lexicon. Nws duav txhua yam - ib qhov teeb meem nyob qhov twg muaj yog tsis muaj tseeb official kev sib raug zoo ntawm ob tog. Nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub, siv mas nruab nrab lo lus thiab nqe lus (piv txwv li, "xiav", "nees", "tshuav"). Tab sis koj muaj peev xwm siv cov lus hais nrog coloring ( "cloakroom", "tsis muaj sij hawm").

Hauv hais no muaj peb subspecies: obihodno-neeg, ua lag ua luam-obihodno thiab epistolary. Cov yav tas muaj xws li cov private xov xwm. Colloquially, ua lag ua luam - xaiv los sib txuas lus nyob rau hauv ib tug formal chaw. Elementary thiab official ua lag ua luam lus yeej (ib zaj lus qhia los yog qhuab qhia yuav pab tau raws li lwm cov piv txwv) nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam kev txiav txim zoo, qhov no subspecies yog muab faib nruab nrab ntawm lawv, raws li nws muaj peev xwm yuav ntaus nqi, thiab muaj thiab muaj.

Kev sib txuas lus tso cai paub, kheev thiab txo qhia, raws li zoo raws li cov lus uas muaj evaluative lus (xws li "domische", "luav", "khav"). Conversational style tsev yuav ua tau heev ci thiab lub caj dab vim rau kev siv ntawm phraseology thiab cov lus uas muaj kev xav kev paub qhia lo ntxoov ntxoo ( "slack", "blizehonko", "khub", "pious", "yubchonka").

Lug siv txawv txiav - "unsatisfactory", "tsheb thauj neeg mob", "condensed mis nyuj". Nes mas hais lus yog yooj yim dua ib phau ntawv - tej kev siv participles thiab gerunds, multipartite complex ua ke. Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, qhov no style fits cov zajlus, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws muaj nws tus kheej peculiarities.

scientific style

Nws, raws li zoo raws li official ua lag ua luam, yog nruj heev nyob rau hauv cov kev xaiv ntawm cov lo lus thiab kab zauv uas sharply narrows lub Scope ntawm cov permissible. Kev style ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus tsis pub lub suab hais lus, jargon, colloquial kab zauv, cov lus uas muaj lub siab lub ntsws overtones. Nws ua hauj lwm pab tus kheej ntawm science thiab kev lag luam.

Txij li thaum lub hom phiaj ntawm scientific phau ntawv - los qhia kev tshawb fawb tshawb pom, hom phiaj tseeb, nws yuav ua rau xav tau rau lawv muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov lus siv. Feem ntau, ib theem zuj zus ntawm kev nthuav qhia yog raws li nram no:

• kev taw qhia - daim ntawv ntawm qhov teeb meem, cov hom phiaj, qhov teeb meem;
• ntsiab ib feem - searching thiab sorting los ntawm kev xaiv, yog nqus hypothesis, ntawv pov thawj;
• Thaum kawg - ib lo lus teb rau lo lus nug ntawm lub hom phiaj.

Cov khoom nyob rau hauv no ib hom ntawv nyeem yog lub tsev thiab qhov tawm qhov tseeb, nws tau txais kev pab rau ob hom ntawm cov ntaub ntawv: tseeb, thiab ces, raws li cov neeg sau ntawm lawv organizing.

Kev lus style ua nws kim heev kev siv ntawm cov nqe lus, cov prefix anti-, txawj hais ob, quasi-, super- -skeleton sr, ism, -Tsis-e (antibodies, bipolar, supernova, sedentary lub neej, symbolism, cloning). Ntxiv mus, cov nqe lus tsis nyob ua ib ke los ntawm lawv tus kheej - lawv tsim ib tug complex network ntawm kev sib raug zoo thiab systems: los ntawm cov kev mus rau lub kev, los ntawm tag nrho cov rau qhov chaw, lub genus / hom qhia tias yog leejtwg / opposites, thiab hais txog.

Qhov tseem ceeb kev zoo li text - objectivity thiab raug. Lub hom phiaj cais siab them cov lus, exclamation, kos duab nuj nqis ntawm kev hais lus, yog tsis tsim nyog no mus ua zaj dab neeg nyob rau hauv thawj tus neeg. Raug yog feem ntau txuam nrog rau cov nqe lus. Raws li ib qho kev, ib tug excerpt los ntawm phau ntawv Anatoliya Fomenko, "txoj kev lej tsom xam ntawm cov keeb kwm phau ntawv."

Lub degree ntawm "complexity" ntawm lub scientific ntawv nyeem nyob feem nyob rau hauv lub hom phiaj cov neeg tuaj saib thiab lub hom phiaj - mus rau leej twg nws yog npaj cov khoom, ntau npaum li cas paub tej zaum muaj cov neeg no, seb lawv yuav tsum tau to taub dab tsi yog ceg txheem ntseeg. Nws yog tseeb hais tias nyob rau hauv xws li ib cov kev tshwm sim, xws li ib lub tsev kawm zaj lus qhia ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus, kev hais lus, thiab qhia yeej xav tau tej yam yooj yim, thiab ib tug qhuab qhia rau senior high school kawm yuav nplua thiab complex scientific terminology.

Ntawm cov hoob kawm, muaj ib tug yawm lub luag hauj lwm ua si thiab lwm yam - lub ntsiab (nyob rau hauv cov kev lus ntawm science stricter thiab ntau cai tshaj nyob rau hauv lub humanities) ib hom ntawv nyeem.

Tsis pub dhau no style muaj nruj uas yuav tsum tau rau kev cuv npe ntawm daim ntawv ua hauj lwm: cov tswv thiab doctoral theses, monographs, tsab ntawv.

Substyles nuances thiab scientific hais lus

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub sij tshawb fawb, faib ntau scientific-kev kawm thiab kev-nrov subgenres. Txhua yog siv rau ib lub hom phiaj thiab ib lub cov neeg tuaj saib. Cov lus yeej - piv txwv ntawm sib txawv, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, uas zoo sib xws nyob rau hauv tsos sib txuas lus flows.

Kev tshawb fawb thiab kev kawm sub-yam - ib hom ntawm lub teeb version ntawm qhov yooj yim style, nyob rau hauv uas cov ntaub ntawv yog sau rau cov neeg uas tau cia li pib mus tshawb ib tug tshiab cheeb tsam. Cov neeg sawv cev - phau ntawv rau cov tsev kawm ntawv, kawm ntawv qib siab, tsev kawm ntawv (high school), ib feem ntawm nws tus kheej-kev pab, lwm yam ntaub ntawv, tsim los rau beginners (hereinafter - ib tug excerpt los ntawm cov psychology phau ntawv rau cov tsev kawm ntawv: tus sau phau ntawv Slastenin V. Isayev AI thiab lwm tus, "pedagogy Textbook .. ").

Kev-nrov sub-yam - yooj yim rau to taub tshaj qhov lwm ob. Nws lub hom phiaj - los mus piav qhia rau cov neeg tuaj saib lub complex tseeb thiab dab yooj yooj yim thiab to taub cov lus. Ntau encyclopedias "101 fact txog ..." sau los ntawm nws.

Official ua lag ua luam

lub feem ntau muaj kev of 5 Lavxias teb sab lus yeej. Nws yog siv rau kev sib txuas lus nruab nrab States raws li tsev nrog txhua lwm yam thiab nrog cov pej xeem. Yog ib tug txhais tau tias ntawm kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm, nyob rau hauv koom haum, nyob rau hauv cov kev pab cuam sector, tsis pub dhau lub ce ntawm lawv official cov luag num.

Official ua lag ua luam style hais txog phau ntawv-sau ntawv, nws yog siv nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv ntawm cov kev cai, kev txiav txim, ntawv cog lus, deeds, powers ntawm tus kws lij choj thiab zoo sib xws cov ntaub ntawv. Lub qhov ncauj daim ntawv no yog siv nyob rau hauv lub has lug hab, lus ceeb toom, kev sib txuas lus nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm ib tug ua hauj lwm kev sib raug zoo.

Cheebtsam ntawm hauj style

Nyob rau hauv lub dav dav qeb nrhiav tau ib tug xov tooj ntawm sub-lwm yam:

• Legislative. Yog siv lus thiab nyob rau hauv kev sau ntawv, nyob rau hauv cov kev cai, cov kev cai, txiav txim, cov lus qhia, piav cov tsiaj ntawv, cov lus pom zoo, thiab cov lus qhia, itemized thiab ua hauj lwm zoo lus. Lus suab thaum lub sij hawm lub parliamentary sib cav tswv yim thiab hais.
• Jurisdictional - tshwm sim nyob rau hauv hais lus thiab sau ntaub ntawv, siv los indictments, verdicts, raug ntes warrants, kev txiav txim, hais, txheej txheem ua. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yeej yuav hnov thaum lub sij hawm hais plaub ntug sib cav tswv yim, kev sib tham rau pej xeem 'txais tos thiab thiaj li nyob. D.
• Administrative - nyob rau hauv kev sau ntawv yog pom tau hais nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim, kev cai, kev txiav txim, ntawv cog lus, ua hauj lwm thiab kev tuav pov hwm ntawv cog lus, official ntawv, ntau yam kev thov, telegrams, wills, memoranda, autobiographies, lus ceeb toom, daim ntawv, shipping ntaub ntawv. Lub qhov ncauj daim ntawv ntawm kev tswj sub-yam - kev txiav txim, auctions, coj mus muag kev sib khom lus, kev hais lus ntawm receptions, auctions, cov rooj sib tham, thiab lwm yam ...
• Diplomatic. Qhov no ib hom ntawv nyeem nyob rau hauv kev sau ntawv yuav muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntawv sib cog lus, cov rooj sib txoos, ntawv cog lus, tej kev khi lus, kev cai, tus kheej sau ntawv. Lub qhov ncauj daim ntawv - ib tug communiqué, memorandums, ob leeg cov nqe lus.

Cov hauj lwm-ua lag ua luam style set nqe lus siv nquag nyuaj koom haum thiab hais lus npe:

• raws li nyob rau hauv lub ...
• raws li lub ...
• rau lub hauv paus ntawm ...
• vim ...
• vim ...
• vim ...

Tsuas yog scientific thiab official ua lag ua luam lus yeej muaj ib tug meej daim ntawv thiab cov qauv. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, daim ntawv thov, CV, memo no, yog leejtwg card, kev sib yuav daim ntawv pov thawj thiab lwm tus neeg.

Rau style yog yus muaj los ntawm ib tug nruab nrab suab nrov ntawm lub narrative, qhov ncaj lo lus txiav txim, complex ua ke, brevity, conciseness, tsis muaj tus kheej. Lug siv tshwj xeeb terminology, abbreviations, tshwj xeeb cov lo lus thiab phraseology. Lwm tseem ceeb feature - ib tug cliché.

publicistic

Kev lus yeej yog heev peculiar. Journalistic - yog tsis muaj exception. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv cov xov xwm, cov pej xeem thiab periodical ntaub ntawv, thaum lub sij hawm ntawm nom tswv, hais plaub ntug ua yeeb yam. Feem ntau cov feem ntau nws muaj peev xwm yuav nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv qhov kev kuaj ntawm xov tooj cua thiab TV cov kev pab cuam, cov ntawv xov xwm cov khoom, cov phau ntawv Magazine, leaflets, rallies.

Nyeem Ntawv no yog npaj rau ib tug dav pawg neeg, thiaj li muaj yog tsis tshua muaj pom kev cov ntsiab lus uas, thiab yog hais tias muaj, lawv mus nrhiav kev pab kom lawv piav rau nyob rau hauv tib cov ntawv nyeem. Nws tshwm sim tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv kev hais lus thiab kev sau ntawv - yog tseem pom nyob rau hauv photography, zaj duab xis, duab thiab pictorial, theatrical, txoj thiab hais lus-suab paj nruas daim ntawv.

Journalistic style ntawm cov lus muaj ob lub ntsiab functions: cov ntaub ntawv thiab cawv. Tus thawj ua hauj lwm - mus qhia rau cov neeg qhov tseeb. Ob - tsim txoj cai lub tswv yim, kom ua lub tswv yim ntawm cov txheej xwm. Cov ntaub ntawv muaj nuj nqi yuav tsum tau daim ntawv ceeb toom credible thiab yog cov ntaub ntawv yog ntawm kev txaus siab tsis tau tsuas yog rau cov neeg sau, tab sis kuj tus nyeem ntawv. Ua raws li pom tau hais los ntawm koj tus kheej lub tswv yim ntawm cov neeg sau, nws hu mus ua hauj lwm, thiab cov qauv ntawm cov kev nthuav qhia.

Dhau li hais rau no xyov style, muaj yog tus lus nyob rau hauv kev nta: tham, kev paub qhia lo thiab aesthetic.

tham muaj nuj nqi

Kev sib txuas lus - lub ntsiab thiab cov kev teeb meem ntawm kev hais lus, uas manifests nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv tag nrho nws cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov yeej. Kiag li tag nrho cov yeej cov lus thiab kev hais lus yeej yog tham muaj nuj nqi. Nyob rau hauv journalism cov tib phau ntawv thiab ua yeeb yam no yog npaj rau ib tug dav pawg neeg, lub tswv yim yog pom tau hais los ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv thiab hu xov tooj ntawm cov txawj nyeem ntawv, vaj huam sib luag sib tham, sib tham. Qhov no yuav tsum hais tias cov ntawv nyeem yog tseeb thiab yooj yim rau cov txawj nyeem ntawv to taub.

kev paub qhia lo muaj nuj nqi

Lub journalistic ntawv nyeem pom mus rau tus neeg ntawm nws sau, uas tej zaum yuav qhia lawv tus yam ntxwv rau cov txheej xwm, qhia lawv taw tes ntawm view. Lub sib txawv lwm yam ntawm tus neeg sau ntawm ib tug txawv degree ntawm txoj kev ywj pheej - emotionality ntse ib phau ntawv los yog ib tug tham qhia party, tab sis yog tsis txais tos nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ceeb toom los yog xov xwm tso tawm.

Qhia yuav tsum tsis txhob mus dhau tsim nyog txwv - nws yog tsim nyog los hwm cov kev cai ntawm kev hais lus kab lis kev cai thiab cov kev qhia ntawm tus cwj pwm txawv tsis tau lub ib lub hom phiaj.

Cov aesthetic muaj nuj nqi

Ntawm tag nrho cov 5 yeej ntawm kev hais lus ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab lus, qhov no muaj nuj nqi yog tam sim no xwb nyob rau hauv ob. Nyob rau hauv phau ntawv sau ntawv kom zoo nkauj plays ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv journalism nws lub luag hauj lwm yog ntau tsawg. Txawm li cas los, nyeem ntawv los yog mloog zoo-tsim, zoo xav tawm, kuas ntawv nyeem ntau nicer. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ntshaw kom xyuam xim rau lub aesthetic zoo nyob rau hauv ib yam ntawm cov yam.

Lwm yam kev ua tub xovxwm

Hauv lub ntsiab style paim ib tug ntau ntawm hnyav ncawv siv lwm yam:

• oratorical hais lus;
• phau me nyuam ntawv;
• sau ntawv;
• qhia;
• lampoon;
• sib tham;
• daim ntawv thiab lwm tus neeg.

Txhua yam ntawm lawv yog siv nyob rau hauv tej lub sijhawm: phau ntawv raws li ib daim ntawv ntawm artistic thiab journalistic tej hauj lwm yog feem ntau yog qhia tiv thaiv ib tug neeg sab nrauv, ib tug kev sib raug zoo tshwm sim los yog cov nom tswv system nyob rau hauv dav dav, lub tsab ntawv ceeb toom - ib tug sai thiab ncaj ncees cov lus los ntawm cov scene, hauv tsab xov xwm - ib hom ntawv nyeem uas tus sau nws ntsuam tej txheej xwm, cov lus tseeb, thiab muab lawv tus kheej kev soj ntsuam thiab kev txhais.

kos duab style

Tag nrho cov yeej cov lus thiab kev hais lus yeej yog qhia los ntawm kev kos duab. Nws qhia txog cov kev xav thiab kev xav ntawm tus sau, muaj feem xyuam rau tus nyeem ntawv lub tswv yim. Nws yuav siv rau tag nrho cov cuab yeej ntawm lwm tus yeej, cov ntau haiv neeg thiab richness ntawm kev hais lus, yus muaj los ntawm imagery, xav, teem hais lus. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv.

Ib qho tseem ceeb feature ntawm no style yog zoo nkauj - no nws yog, raws li txwv mus journalism, ib tug yuav tsum tau caij.

Muaj plaub hom artistic yeej:

• epic;
• lyrical;
• ua yeeb yam;
• ua ke.

Txhua yam ntawm cov genera nws muaj nws tus kheej mus kom ze rau cov kev tshwm sim zaub. Yog hais tias peb tham txog cov epic, yuav muaj mas ncauj lus kom ntxaws zaj dab neeg txog cov kev kawm los yog kev tshwm sim thaum tus sau nws tus kheej los yog ib tug neeg ntawm lub cim yuav ua nyob rau hauv lub luag hauj lwm ntawm hais dabneeg.

Lub lyrical narrative tsom rua lub tswv yim hais tias cov kev tshwm sim tshuav ntawm tus sau. Ntawm no yog cov ntsiab yaam puab paub, dab tsi tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub puab ntiaj teb no.

Txaus ntshai mus kom ze nruab nrab yog ib tug tej yam kev kawm nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim, uas qhia nws surrounded los ntawm lwm yam khoom thiab cov txheej xwm. Lub hom phiaj ntawm cov peb genera yuav mus rau V. G. Belinskomu. Nyob rau hauv "dawb huv" daim ntawv, txhua tus ntawm cov tsis tshua muaj. Tsis ntev los no, ib co sau phau ntawv qhia hais tias lwm hom - ua ke.

Nyob rau hauv lem, epic, lyric, ua txoj le caag los qhov kev piav qhia ntawm cov txheej xwm thiab tej yam yog muab faib ua lwm yam: fairy tales, dab neeg, zaj dabneeg luv luv, tej phau ntawv, Ode, ua yeeb yam, paj huam, comedy thiab tshaj.

Lub artistic style ntawm cov lus nws muaj nws tus yam ntxwv:

• Nws yuav siv ib tug ua ke ntawm cov lus cov kev pab ntawm lwm tus yeej;
• daim ntawv no, cov qauv, hais lus, cov cuab yeej raug xaiv nyob rau hauv raws li lub tswvyim thiab lub tswv yim ntawm tus sau;
• siv ntawm tej nuj nqis ntawm kev hais lus, uas muab ntawv nyeem thiab muaj yeeb yuj kev;
• tseem ceeb heev yog lub aesthetic muaj nuj nqi.

Muaj lug siv txoj kev (allegory ua piv txwv qhia kev sib piv synecdoche) thiab stylistic nuj nqis (neej ntawd hais epithet, epiphora, hyperbola, metonymy).

Artistic duab - lub style - lus

Tus neeg sau ntawm tej chaw ua hauj lwm, tsis tsuas txawj, xav tau ib tug txhais tau tias kev sib cuag nrog tus tuav los yog nyeem ntawv. Txhua daim duab daim ntawv nws muaj nws tus kheej txhais tau tias kev sib txuas lus. Ntawm no thiab muaj ib tug trilogy - ib tug artistic duab, style thiab yam lus.

Cov duab - ib tug generic mus kom ze rau lub ntiaj teb no thiab lub neej, qhia los ntawm cov artist siv lawv xaiv cov lus. Nws yog ib tug tej yam kev qeb ntawm cov kos duab, ib daim ntawv ntawm txhais ntawm lub ntiaj teb no los ntawm kev tsim aesthetically uas twb muaj lawm chaw.

Artistic txoj kev tseem hu ua tej phenomenon, recreated los ntawm tus sau nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm. Nws lub ntsiab lus yog ices xwb nyob rau hauv lub sis raug zoo nrog tus nyeem ntawv los yog tus tuav: hais tias nws yuav paub ib tug neeg pom nyob rau hauv nws lub hom phiaj, cwm pwm, kev xav hauv lub xeev, kab lis kev cai thiab qhov tseem ceeb, nyob rau hauv uas nws tsa.

Qhov thib ob lub caij ntawm lub triad "duab - style - hom lus" yog hais txog ib tug nyeem tau peculiar rau tus sau los yog tus era ntawm kev ua ke nrog ntawm txoj kev thiab hom kev kawm. Nyob rau hauv kos duab, nws muaj peb txawv tswv yim - cov style ntawm tus era (npog lub keeb kwm lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm, uas yog yus twb ntau nta, xws li cov Victorian lub sij hawm), lub teb chaws (nyob rau hauv nws to taub cov yam ntxwv uas niaj hnub muaj rau ib tug neeg, lub teb chaws, piv txwv li, Japanese style) thiab ib tug neeg ( peb yuav tau tham txog lub artist, uas nws tej hauj lwm muaj nta uas tsis xam qhovkev nyob rau hauv lwm yam zoo, piv txwv li, Picasso).

Language nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv uas kos duab - lub system ntawm nrig txog kev pom cov cuab yeej tsim los pab rau cov hom phiaj ntawm tus sau los tsim tej hauj lwm, ib lub cuab tam rau cov tsim artistic duab. Nws enables kev sib txuas lus nruab nrab ntawm cov creator thiab cov neeg tuaj saib, tso cai rau koj mus rau "xim" cov duab nrog rau feem ntau cov cim style nta.

Txhua yam uas muaj tswv yim siv rau qhov no txhais tau tias: painting - xim, duab puab - volume music - suab, suab. Ua ke lawv tsim ib tug trinity pawg - artistic duab, style, hais lus, kev pab kom tau los ze zog mus rau lub sau thiab nkag siab zoo txog lawv tsim.

Nws yuav tsum tau to taub hais tias, txawm sib txawv nruab nrab ntawm lawv, yeej tsis tsim cais, mas kaw tshuab. Lawv yog cov tau lossi interpenetrate txhua lwm yam: tsis tsuas yog cov artistic kev siv cov lus txhais tau tias lwm tus yeej, tab sis cov nom lub lag luam muaj ntau cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib nrig sib scientific (jurisdictional thiab PatientsÕ subspecies ntawm nws cov nqe lus nyob ze rau cov neeg scientific disciplines).

Ua lag ua luam vocabulary penetrates rau hauv lub hais lus, thiab vice versa. Journalistic saib ntawm kev hais lus yog zoo intertwined hais lus thiab nyob rau hauv sau ntawv nrog rau Scope ntawm cov lus hais thiab lub nrov scientific style.

Ntxiv mus, tam sim no lub xeev ntawm cov lus yog los ntawm tsis muaj txhais tau tias ib yam dab tsi ruaj khov. Es hais tias nws yog nyob rau hauv dynamic equilibrium. Lossi muaj cov tshiab lub tswv yim, Lavxias teb sab phau ntawv txhais lus supplemented los ntawm cov kab zauv uas yog los ntawm lwm hom lus.

Tsim tshiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov lus uas muaj kev pab los ntawm cov uas twb sawv daws yuav. Lub ceev ceev txoj kev loj hlob ntawm science thiab technology kuj nquag muaj txhawb rau kev pab txhawb ntxiv ntawm scientific style ntawm kev hais lus. Muaj ntau cov tswv yim los ntawm lub tshav pob ntawm science ntawv tseeb kos duab tsiv mus rau hauv qeb ntawm heev formal lus, yog cov neeg los yog lwm yam dab thiab phenomena. Yuav ib lub scientific tswv yim muaj nyob rau hauv tib yam lus.