"Baltiets" (rab yaj phom): yam ntxwv thiab tsim nta

Lub caij ntuj no ntawm xyoo 1941-1942, cov neeg ua hauj lwm hauv Baltic Fleet tau nrhiav tau qhov tsis txaus siab nyob rau hauv tus qauv ntawm rab yaj phom TT: thaum tsis muaj qhov sov, qhov chaw ntawm qhov riam phom tau khov. Qhov no yog lub dag zog rau kev tsim ntawm xws li ib tug tshiab qauv, raws li lub rab yaj phom "Baltiets", tsim tshwj xeeb rau cov tub ceev xwm ntawm lub fleet.

Dab tsi yog paub txog qhov riam phom no?

"Baltiets" - ib rab yaj phom, cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov twg tsis muaj phau ntawv qhia txog kev ua lag luam. Tej hauj lwm ntawm American thiab cov neeg tshawb xyuas European tsis muaj cov ncauj lus txog cov qauv no. Nyob rau hauv Moscow, Tula, Izhevsk - lub zos nyob rau hauv uas cov tsev loj tshaj plaws nyob, cov ntawv luam ntawm cov riam phom kuj tsis pom. Pob zeb tsis paub tias "Great Baltics" muaj nyob hauv Central Naval Museum, hauv cov nyiaj uas muaj peb daim ntawm riam phom. Txhua tus ntawm lawv tau nws tus kheej ntau tus naj npawb xov tooj: Daim ntawv # 1, 2, 5.

Npaum li cas yog rab phom "Baltic" (USSR, Leningrad)?

Nyob rau hauv 1941, Tsheb Admiral ntawm lub Baltic Fleet tig mus rau ib tug ntau dua txoj cai nrog ib qho kev thov los ua ib tug yaj phom uas muaj ntau txhim khu kev qha automation tshaj lub TT rab yaj phom.

Lub VKP (b) tom qab Lub Rooj Sib Tham Txog Kev Ncaj Ncees txiav txim siab pib tsim txoj haujlwm ntawm tus qauv, lub automation ntawm uas yuav tsis khov nyob rau hauv ib tug 30-degree Frost. Thawj pawg ntawm rab yaj phom "Baltiets" muaj li ntawm 15 daim. Lub luag haujlwm rau cov ntaub ntawv luam tau raug xaiv tsa thawj coj ntawm Leningrad Nroj Tsaj No. 181 BP. Rumyantsev. Chief designer Egorov thiab Hoobkas Technologist FA Bogdanov nyob rau lub ib hlis ntuj 1942 raug muab thawj qhov tshwm sim - cov sketches rau cov qauv "Baltiets". Lub rab yaj phom raug pom zoo los ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm riam phom AI Balashov thiab tau txais kev pom zoo. Tsuas pub tsawg tsawg tus neeg tau txais kev tso cai los ntawm kev tsim cov riam phom.

Pib

"Baltiets yog rab yaj phom", raws li tus qauv Walter PP (German-ua riam phom). Tsim Balashov A. I. rab yaj phom uas tsim los ntawm TT cartridges, caliber ntawm uas yog 7,82 hli. Thawj 15 daim ntawv luam tau ua los ntawm txhais tes. Masters handicraft txoj kev ua tiav tau tawm tsam. Hauv kev siv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm rab phom, tsis muaj rigging.

Lub ntsiab qauv

Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1942, cov neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm Lub Tshuab Tshuab Ua Vaj Tsev thiab Cav Ua "Cav" tsim thawj "Baltiets". Qhov phom yog sau nyob rau ntawm tus naj npawb 1. Ua qhov riam phom no zoo heev. Nws tau ntsuam xyuas nyob rau hauv qis dua 30 degrees. "Baltiets" yog cov ua haujlwm ntawm lub lag luam meej meej, kev cia siab thiab kev lag luam tsis muaj teeb meem. Tib lub sij hawm, lub hwj chim siab thiab kev tseeb ntawm cov hits tau muab sau tseg.

Tus kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm "Baltiets" # 1

Ntawm lub ebonite cheek kov ntawm rab yaj phom nkag lub voj voog nrog lub khauj khaum sab hauv. Nyob rau hauv nws yog: ib tug tsib-taw lub hnub qub, ib tug sickle, ib tug hammer thiab lub inscription "Nroj Tsaj No. 181". Ntawm ib sab ntawm rab yaj phom muaj ib qho ntawv "P. A. Baltiets, "tab sis nrog cov lus sib cav:" Secretary ntawm Central Committee ntawm CPSU (b), Ib tug tswv cuab ntawm Pawg Tub Rog ntawm lub Lenfront, A. A. Zhdanov. "

Ntawm sab xis ntawm lub qhov dav hlau shutter, cov craftsmen yog engraved, on uas muaj ob lub caj dab kos duab. Nyob rau hauv cov duab plaub uas nyob hauv qhov kev sib tw, muaj cov zauv "181", ua kom pom cov nroj tsuag uas rab phom "Baltiets" tau sib sau ua ke. Diam duab hauv qab no yog nruab aesthetic tsim los ntawm tus qauv ua qhov riam phom.

Cov cwj pwm zoo thiab cov yam ntxwv

• Qhov riam phom yog tsim rau mos txwv ntawm 7.62 hli caliber.
• Cov naj npawb ntawm rifling - 4.
• Lub cev muaj ib qhov ntev ntawm 129 hli.
• Qhov loj ntawm riam phom uas tsis muaj muas txwv yog 1100 g.
• Lub peev xwm ntawm lub phom phom yog 8 daim cartridges.

Tsim ntawm "Baltiets" # 2

Thawj qauv ntawm rab yaj phom tau tsim ib qho kev tsim: nws muaj ib lub siab. Vim tias cov hauj lwm ntxiv uas tau ua tiav nrog tus qauv tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kev ua tsov rog no, zaum ob Baltiets tau sib sau ua ke. Rab phom, cov qauv tsim ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov yooj yim version, kuj muaj hnyav dua. Nws pawg tsis tshaj 960 g. Nyob rau hauv tus qauv ntawm tus qauv No. 2, lub pob tw twb luv ntawm 129 mm mus rau 120 mm. Lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav tsis muaj 17, tiam sis 15 lem.

Lub ris ntawm kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov riam phom pom tau hais tias raws li nws txoj kev sib ntaus sib tua, Baltiets No. 2 tsis zoo li thawj lub ntsiab qauv. Vim li ntawd, nws tau txiav txim siab los ua cov khoom nram qab no, uas yog siv tus qauv "Baltiets" thib ob (rab yaj phom).

Tsim Nta

Qhov thib ob daim ntawv yog ib lub voj voog nrog ib lub thoob, ib qhov thaiv thiab ib qho txhim kho mechanism (USM) tsau rau hauv nws. Muaj plaub kev txiav rau "Baltiţa" pob tw №2. Lub qhov hluav taws xob kaw yog siv los ua tus dai khaub ncaws. Cov pistols yog nruab nrog cov nqe ntaus rog thiab xa dej tuaj. Kev siv phom no yog muab cov ntaub ntoo nrog ib daim ntaub uas npog nrog ib sab hauv thiab ib lub phom tooj ntawm lub hau, uas muaj cov ntawv sau: "Admiral Kuznetsov Nikolai Gerasimovich."

Yuav ua li cas yog riam phom teem cia?

Nyob rau hauv lub series ntawm pistols "Baltiets" siv ib tug recoil tswvyim nrog ib tug shutter dawb. Qhov no yuav ua tau vim yog qhov chaw nyob ntawm tus kav qis tsau rau ntawm tus qauv ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav tuaj. USM yog hais txog lub hom phiaj thiab yog tsim los rau kev ua ob tog.

Kev noj zaub mov yog muab los ntawm rab yaj phom-cov khoom noj, uas cov cartridges muab tso rau hauv ib kab. Snapping lub magazine nyob rau hauv cov phom yog siv cov khawm tshwj xeeb ntawm sab laug rau saum tus kav. Lub hom phiaj aiming yog ua los ntawm xws li ua ywj thiab ib lub bar. Lub yoov yog ib feem ntawm qhov shutter - casing. Lub phiaj yog tsau nyob rau hauv qhov zawj "swallowtail", uas ua rau kom rov ua kom zoo dua yog tias tsim nyog.

Qhov zoo ntawm "Baltiets"

Qhov zoo ntawm rab yaj phom no yog:

• Lub automation muaj ib tug yooj yim tsim.
• Qhov phom yog cov khoom muaj nqis ntawm kev lag luam.
• Production ntawm "Baltiets", nyob rau hauv comparison nrog TT, yog tsis tshua kim thiab zog-intensive.
• Lub xub ntiag ntawm ib txoj kev yooj yim kov nce lub cav ntawm cov hits thaum lub sij hawm tua.
• Txoj kev ua ob-txiav txim thiab txhim kho mechanism ua rau tus tswv siv riam phom txhua lub sijhawm npaj siv.
• Lub fuse muaj qhov hnyav no phom kom zoo, txawm tias muaj cov khoom tsim thiab mos txwv nyob hauv chamber, uas yog qhov tsis raug rau hauv phom TT.

Disadvantages

Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lub Tokarev rab yaj phom, uas hnyav 110 grams, "Baltiets" muaj tshaj qhov hnyav thiab qhov ntev. Qhov teeb meem no yog qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kev ua phem no. Qhov nyhav ntau yog piav qhia los ntawm qhov tseeb tias daim cartridge ntawm lub caliber ntawm 7.62 hli siv nyob rau hauv "Baltiets" yog Ameslikas rau pistols nrog ib tug luv luv stroke ntawm lub thoob. Rau riam phom, lub automatic uas muaj ib tug shutter dawb, lub caliber ntawm 7.62 hli yog dhau lawm haib. Rau shooting ntawm xws mos txwv, cov neeg tsim khoom ntawm lub Leningrad nroj tsuag No. 181 nyob rau hauv "Baltiets" heaved lub shutter casing. Raws li qhov phom phom no tau tsim rau tus neeg ua haujlwm hais kom ua, muaj cov huab hwm coj ntau thiab qhov loj me tau pov thawj los ua ib qho teeb meem loj.

Kev cob qhia caij nplooj ntoos hlav rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav

Xyoo 1974, tus thawj tsim qauv ntawm Central Design Bureau (Central Design thiab Technology Bureau) Viktor Khristich pib tsim cua daj cua dub ntawm tus qauv ntawm cov khoom Baltiets. Rab phom pneumatic tau npaj txhij rau xyoo 1977. Tom qab qhov kev kuaj hauv Klimovsk, lub cua qauv tau lub npe hu ua "Baltiets" nyob rau hauv # 77.

Thaum tsim ib cua cua ntawm "Baltiets" npaj rau kev kawm loj, cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov nroj tsuag cuam tshuam cov kev yooj yim, simplicity, kev cia siab thiab kev nyab xeeb hauv kev khiav hauj lwm. Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb tau them rau cov yam ntxwv ergonomic ntawm cov hluas.

Model 77 ntaus ntawv

Nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua khoom ntawm cov tuav, tej kas tham, txhais hooks thiab ncej, feem ntau-resistant iav puv yas siv. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov khoom raug coj los siv kev txhaj tshuaj molding. Cov dej txav dhau ntawm cov tshuaj thermo-tshuaj kho (springs los ntawm cov pa chutes). Lub cev yog kis los ntawm IZH-22.

Nyob rau hauv no cua riam phom, txoj cai tau siv rau txhua lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav-compression pneumatic pistols: cua raug thawb tawm los ntawm kev siv lub piston, uas, tig mus, tau cuam tshuam los ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav compressible-decompressible.

Tus tsim ntawm "Baltiets" 77 txawv ntawm lwm cov cua pistols nyob rau hauv tias nws muaj "thim rov qab", uas muaj nyob hauv qhov tseeb tias thaum lub sij hawm txhaj tshuaj thaiv cov mos txwv thiab lub piston tsiv mus rau sab nraud cov lus qhia. Yog li ntawd, siv lub piston 2 cm ntawm kab nrog ib lub luv luv mob hlab ntsha tawg (6 cm), lub qhov ncauj tawm ntawm lub fwj nrhiav tau tus tshaj tawm mus txog 130 m / sec.

Xaus

Ob hom qauv khoom plig "Baltiyets" No. 77 tau sau, uas tau npaj tseg rau Leonid Brezhnev.

Ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim tub rog ntawm cov tub rog "Baltiets", pib xyoo 1942, tau txiav txim tsis ntev. Lub hom phiaj tsim ntawm kaum tsib chav tsis tuaj yeem ua. Thaum hais tawm qhov chaw, nws tau qhia tias lawv txaus los sib sau ua ke tsuas yog kaum plaub pistols. Daim ntawv thov kev pab cuam rau cov neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm cov nroj tsuag tsis hloov qhov teeb meem: tsuas yog kaum plaub qauv sau tseg, thiab ntau cov khoom raug muab tso tseg. Ib tug "Baltiets" tau txais txiaj ntsig raws li Thawj Pawg Neeg Ua Haujlwm Commissar of Armament N. Samarin. Cov qauv ntawm riam phom nrog cov zauv 1, 2 thiab 5 tau koom nrog Vice Admiral NK Smirnov. Hnub no lawv tau tso los ntawm Central Naval Museum. Txoj hmoo ntawm tshuav kaum ib chav nyob yog tsis paub.

Qhov phom "Baltiets" thiab tseem yog ib qho kev ua tsov rog, uas tau mus rau ib theem siab ntawm lub voj voog ntawm cov lus txib.