Art kev kawm ntawv ntawm cov me nyuam. Pedagogy li ib daim duab kev kawm ntawv

Txhua tus niamtxiv xav kom nws cov me nyuam kom loj hlob tawm ntawm lub educated txiv neej, ywj siab, yuav luag tsis muaj, nws tus kheej-mob siab tus neeg. Qhov no tus txheej txheem yog heev thiab tas mus li. Peb yuav tsum to taub hais tias tus me nyuam txoj kev loj hlob yog yuav tsum tau rau assimilate ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv no daze tsim nyog tau kev pab. Thiab kev kho mob yuav tsum tau pib los ntawm heev yug. Arts Education - ib tug txheej txheem tsim nyog rau yav tom ntej zoo ntawm tus me nyuam, nws niam nws txiv thiab zej zog raws li ib tug tag nrho.

Tag nrho cov xib fwb thiab cov niam txiv paub tias cov me nyuam kawm tau zoo nyob rau hauv ib tug coj txawv txawv piv txwv li. Yog hais tias, piv txwv li, yog hais tias tsis mus tsa tus me nyuam lub suab nyob rau hauv kev sib tham, tab sis kuv niam nws lossi quaj, ces nws yaum kom ib tug me nyuam rov mus nyuaj heev.

imitation ntawm cov neeg laus

Nyob rau qib subconscious, tus me nyuam tsim muaj lub siab xav xyaum cov neeg laus. Nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug teeb meem no feem ntau tshwm sim misunderstanding yam thiab tiag tiag mismatch uas yuav lossi dais kuj. Peev xwm mus kom ze rau txoj kev kawm ntawv yuav pab faus ib tug neeg sab nraud, muaj zog cwm pwm, thiab nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej kom tsis txhob muaj ntau yam thiab tej teeb meem. Thiab tsim ib tug lej ib tug neeg - yog kos duab rau ntawm kev kawm ntawv.

Qhia ntawv, cov psychologists, philosophers, kev cai dab qhuas cov thawj coj lawv views on tus txheej txheem. Thiab feem ntau lawv yog txwv. Niaj hnub no nws yog heev yooj yim rau next thiab xaiv txoj kev nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ntawm lub loj loj txaus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub kev hlub thiab kev txaus sab ntawm tus me nyuam raws li nws yog, niam txiv yuav tau paub ntxiv:

1. Nyob rau psycho-physiological peculiarities ntawm hnub nyoog sib txawv pawg. Nws yog tsim nyog los paub dab tsi yuav cog noob los ntawm tus me nyuam, thiab nws yog ib yam nkaus thiab thaum ntxov.
2. Tus txheej txheem ntawm kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg. Cais nws tsev neeg kev lig kev cai, koj yuav ua tau ib yam dab tsi pab tau thiab thov nyob rau hauv kev sib hwm ntawm ib tug me nyuam, los yog, nyob rau hauv tsis tooj, ib co kho lawv tus cwj pwm.
3. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab txog hais tias, tsis hais hnub nyoog, ib tug me nyuam yog ib tug neeg, thiab tsis lawv niam lawv txiv. Yog li ntawd, kev ywj siab coj los ntawm ib tug thaum ntxov muaj hnub nyoog.

inconsistency

Nws yuav tsum tau to taub: nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev kawm ntawv yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav contradictions thaum niam tso cai txwv tsis pub cov pope, los yog vice versa. Qhov no ua rau loj nrog sab ntsuj plig teeb meem uas cov me nyuam tsis yog ib qho yooj yim mus tua, thiab ces lawv txhais mus rau hauv loj heev teeb meem tau ib tug neeg laus. Nws yog ib tug yuam kev kom ntseeg tau tias tus me nyuam yog coj mus - ib tug uas implicitly mloog lawv niam lawv txiv.

Lub ntsiab hauj lwm ntawm cov niam txiv - mus pab koj tus me nyuam ua ib tug neeg, nrhiav tau lawv cov kev txawj ntse thiab lub neej muaj peev xwm, thiab tsis ua rau nws rau nws daim ntawv. Qhov no yog lub kos duab ntawm raising ib tug me nyuam.

Qhov teeb meem uas niaj hnub kawm

Qhia ntawv thiab cov xib fwb hais tias cov niam txiv niaj hnub no tau kiag li ceased mus nrog cov me nyuam thiab ib qho nyiaj paj nyob rau hauv lawv txoj kev kawm. Yuav ua li cas cov niam cov txiv chim heev dhau lawm teb hais tias nws tsis yog li ntawd, vim hais tias peb nyeem tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv rau kev kawm ntawv, xa lawv cov me nyuam mus rau lub kev ua si seem, dancing, ntiav ib tug hais lus therapist nyob rau hauv tsev.

Qhov no yog qhov teeb meem uas niaj hnub kawm ntawv: cov niam txiv, sim muab tus me nyuam qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm txhua yam, tsis pom yuav ua li cas ua hauj lwm ceev qhov kev kho mob ntawm neeg, thaum lub hauv paus yog pw nyob rau hauv tus neeg hauv tsev neeg. Thiab nyob rau hauv no ib cheeb ua hauj lwm ceev tag nrho cov luag hauj lwm txawm cov kws txawj tsis tau: nws yuav tsum tau mus muab nws tus kheej.

Arts kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg

Art ntawm tsev neeg kev kawm ntawv yog hais tias ib tug me nyuam xav tau kev pab kom nkag siab txog: nws txoj kev hlub tsis yog rau ib yam dab tsi, thiab selflessly, hais txog ntawm kev kawm ntawv zoo los yog lwm yam teb. Peb cov laus nws yog tseeb hais tias txoj kev hlub ntawm cov xeeb ntxwv - khuv xim, tab sis lawv yuav tsum tau tas li pov thawj. Tus me nyuam yuav tsum tau tas li mloog thiab ua rau nws raws li nws tau: zoo los yog phem ua, siab phem, los yog stubbornness. Thiab nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom to taub tias kev xav kev nplij siab rau cov me nyuam - thawj thiab foremost. Nws yog tsis tsim nyog los soj ntsuam tus me nyuam thiab nws ua, nws yog tsim nyog los hlub thiab txais txoj kev nws yog.

Peb hlub lwj tus me nyuam?

Yog hais tias nws yog tiag tiag hlub, ces nws yog tsis yooj yim sua rau lwj ib tug me nyuam lub cim thiab loj hlob los ntawm nws qia dub neeg. Cov niam txiv uas hais tiag hlub lawv cov me nyuam yuav tsis indulge lub whims thiab mus nyob txog.

Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg tus me nyuam twg thiaj li raug paub rau thawj lub sij hawm nrog lub ntsiab ntawm "zoo" thiab "phem", nws tau txais ib lub tswv yim hais txog lub neej thiab yuav ua li cas ua nyob rau hauv tej teeb meem no muab. Nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg, cov me nyuam adapts rau zej zog, uas yog vim li cas nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tias cov me nyuam muaj cov muam thiab cov kwv tij.

Yog tsis muaj universal tswv yim rau txhua lub tsev neeg nyob rau hauv kom me nyuam. Tom qab tag nrho, koj yuav tsum nqa mus rau hauv tus account lub kom muaj nuj nqis thiab muaj hnub nyoog pes tsawg leeg, kev sib raug zoo theem ntawm txhua tus neeg hauv tsev neeg. Tab sis muaj ib co txheej txheem uas koj yuav tsum paub txhua txhua leej niam leej txiv:

• Tus me nyuam yuav tsum tau coj mus nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw ntawm kev hlub, kev sov siab thiab friendliness.
• Tus me nyuam, tsis hais hnub nyoog thiab koj tus kheej ua tau, koj yuav tsum hlub thiab txaus siab rau nws raws li ib tug neeg.
• Nws yog tsim nyog los hnov cov me nyuam thiab pab lawv tsim lawv cov kev txawj ntse.
• High yuav tsum muaj peev xwm nthuav thiaj tau tuaj rau lub hauv paus ntawm kev sib nrig sib hwm.
• Feem ntau cov teeb meem lus dag nyob rau hauv tus cwj pwm ntawm cov niam txiv, vim hais tias cov me nyuam tsis paub luam uas peb hlub.
• Koj muaj peev xwm txhob tsom ntsoov rau tus me nyuam txoj kev shortcomings, nws yog tsim nyog los mloog zoo rau hauv tej yam zoo. Txwv tsis pub, tsim ceg.
• Tej kev cob qhia yuav tsum tau nqa tawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov kev ua si.

tus cwj pwm

Makarenko hais tias cov niam txiv yuav tsum muaj attentive heev rau txhua yam uas lawv hais thiab ua li cas, thiab yog hais tias lawv pom tias lawv lub neej yog ib yam dab tsi uas yuav ua mob rau cov me nyuam txoj kev kawm ntawv, nws yog ib yam dab tsi peb yuav tsum tau txhim kho, hloov thiab, yog tias yuav tsum , kiag li tso tseg.

"Pedagogy" - lo lus tuaj rau peb lexicon ntawm tim Nkij teb chaws, nws yog lus txhais li "detovozhdenie" los yog kos duab kev kawm ntawv. Nyob rau hauv Russia, cov tswvyim no tuaj los ntawm philosophical cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm ancient civilization. Pedagogy li ib daim duab kev kawm ntawv yog ib feem ntawm lub zuag qhia tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm muaj hnub nyoog txog txoj kev loj hlob. Qhov no science tshawb fawb thiab instills:

• kev ywj siab;
• tib neeg;
• morality;
• creativity.

pedagogy Tsim

Lub ntsiab hauj lwm ntawm cov neeg laus - mus rau cov hloov kev mus rau yav tom ntej tiam. Pedagogy kawm kev kawm ntawv tus neeg, tsis hais hnub nyoog. Qhov kev paub ntawm no tseem ceeb science yuav pab tau xaiv qhov zoo tshaj plaws tshuaj rau txhua qhov teeb meem no. Tab sis nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, koj muaj peev xwm teb, yog dab tsi pedagogy - kos duab los yog science, tab sis rau ib tug ntev lub sij hawm, cov tswv yim tau ua merged. Qhov no qhia ntawv paub tias, tsis paub zoo science, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua rau muab tso rau hauv kev xyaum thiab kos duab rau ntawm kev kawm ntawv. Ntawm no, cov tseem ceeb point yog txoj kev hlub thiab kev hwm rau cov loj hlob tus neeg.

Arts kev kawm ntawv - lub feem ntau nyuaj tshaj plaws ib tug tib neeg tsim muaj. Nws yuav tsis muab cais los ntawm tus txheej txheem ntawm kev kawm ntawv, thiab nws kav rau tag nrho lub loj hlob lub sij hawm. Educational teeb meem yog multifaceted thiab nws kim heev. Nws yog nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev kawm rau cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv tsim tsis tau, kev txawj ntse, dee, xav tau kev pab uas ncav tau los yog tsis tau raws li cov qauv ntawm morality.

Yuav kom qhov no hnub, pedagogical tswv yim ntawm A. S. Makarenko siv nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev kawm ntawv tej teeb meem thiab muab ib qho tseem ceeb heev qhov chaw ntawm pab qhia. Tsim kom muaj tus neeg - qhov no yog ib tug tas mus kawm.

Yuav ua li cas yog daim duab kev kawm ntawv?

Unambiguous txhais tsis yooj yim sua. Zaum muab sib txawv kev txiav txim zoo nyob rau hauv cov tswvyim no. Yuav ua li cas yog daim duab kawm ntawv, nyob rau hauv lawv lub tswv yim? Nws yog ib qho ntawm ntau yam, cov uas tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog:

• tu ntawm kev kho mob;
• tu txog cov khoom thiab sab ntsuj plig noj qab haus huv ntawm tus me nyuam;
• ncaj ncees kev kawm ntawv;
• tempering ntsuj plig thiab ib tug nkag siab ntawm lub luag hauj lwm, thiab ntau npaum li cas.

morality

Lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm tib neeg yog tam sim no ua si nyob rau hauv lub vaj, zaum ntawm lub rooj. Nws yog ib heev naive, thiab frankly, tseem ceeb tshaj, nkaus nyob rau hauv lub ob txhais tes ntawm cov neeg laus. Yuav ua li cas rau cov niam txiv thiab cov xib fwb ntawm cov me nyuam, yog li lawv yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej. Thiab tsis tsuas yog lawv, tab sis tag nrho lub ntiaj teb no nyob rau hauv ib tug ob peb decades. A haiv neeg uas yuav ua hnub no lub yau tiam, tsim rau lawv tus kheej txhais tes peb cov neeg laus.

Boris Mihaylovich Nemensky, Soviet kawm, formulated lub tswv yim: lub tsev kawm ntawv txiav txim siab li cas yuav muaj kev zoo siab, thiab hais tias ntxub cov neeg 20-30 xyoos. Qhov no yog zoo txuas nrog lub worldview ntawm yav tom ntej tiam uas yuav tsis tau ua kom tiav yog hais tias tsis coj li siab morals. Niaj hnub no, cov xim rau cov teeb meem ntawm txoj kev xyaum thiab kev tshawb xav ntawm aesthetic ideology them tshwj xeeb. Tom qab tag nrho, nws yog ib tug txhais tau tias thiab kev txawj ntse thiab kev ncaj ncees txoj kev loj hlob, thiab chaw pib txoj kev loj hlob ntawm sab ntsuj plig nplua nuj cwm pwm. Yog li ntawd, cov kev kawm ntawv ntawm cov me nyuam yog - nws yog ib tug multi-ncau nyuab txheej txheem, uas yuav tsum tau muab tshwj xeeb mloog.