Aphorism - dab tsi yog qhov no? Lub lexical ntsiab lus ntawm cov lo lus "aphorism"

Aphorism - qhov no dictum, uas tshwm sim ib tug ntev lub sij hawm dhau los. Science, uas yog koom nyob rau hauv nws cov kev tshawb no, nazyvetsya aphorism. Nws poses ib qho tseem ceeb cov lus nug: "Thaum nws los tshwm nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem? Cov tswvyim no yog lub npe hu rau ib ntev lub sij hawm thiab nyob tsis ntev los no? "Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav muab ib tug qhob lo lus teb rau lo lus nug no, peb yuav tsum xyuas lub keeb kwm. Txawm li cas los ib tug yuav tsum tau ceev faj thiab xav txog ob yam: cov aphorism raws li ib tug ib hom ntawv nyeem thiab raws li ib lo lus.

Lub rov tshwm sim ntawm tus aphorism li lus

Cov tswvyim no yog zoo dua lub npe hu rau ib ntev lub sij hawm. Txawm nyob rau hauv lub 5 th xyoo pua BC. e. Hippocrates, lub ancient Greek kawm, hu ua ib tug treatise rau cov tshuaj aphorisms. Nws pib ntsais koj teeb tus mob thiab cov tsos mob ntawm tej yam kab mob, raws li tau zoo raws li yuav ua li cas tiv thaiv kom txhob rau lawv thiab kho lawv mob zoo. Niaj hnub no, muaj ntau yam ntawm cov paub aphorisms :. "Lub neej - nws yog ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm, thiab kos duab yog ntev", "Tsis txhob ua phem - yuav tsis muaj nyob rau hauv kev ntshai," etc. Antique cov ntaub ntawv kuj yuav qhia txog kev siv cov tswvyim no. German zaum P. Rekvadt, F. Schalck muaj pov thawj hais tias lo lus yog tsis tsuas cov kev kho mob tus nqi, tab sis kuj yog siv raws li ib tug paub qab hau hais tias, gnome, maxim, raws li zoo raws li compressed thiab cos style.

Cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub tswvyim nyob rau hauv ntau yam sciences

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo lub 8 pua, Dante khav tias "aphorism" - ib tug kho mob lub sij hawm. Thaum lub sij hawm, nws pib mus rau kis rau lwm tus lag luam. Nws pib tshwm nyob rau hauv lub natural sciences, kev nom kev tswv, philosophy thiab kev cai lij choj. Tacitus tsa hloov aphorism ntawm cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov nom tswv sector. Nws ces piv rau cov tib neeg kab xeev, uas yuav tsum tau kev kho mob zoo thiab kev tshuaj thiab cov tshuaj noj. Antonio Perez ntseeg tias aphorism - nws yog nws kev nom kev tswv nqe lus hais txog morality. Muaj ntau soj ntsuam ntawm ntseeg hais tias lawv yog kev sau ntawv thiab artistic daim ntawv.

Cov kev taw qhia ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv

Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub 18th xyoo pua nyob rau hauv Russia muaj xws li ib tug tshaj plaws. Lo lus "aphorism" twb txhais nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov tshuaj thiab cov ntaub ntawv. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 twb cim los ntawm cov tsos ntawm cov phau ntawv, uas lub npe hu ua aphorisms. Yog li ntawd, K. raug ploj raug tuag luam tawm ib phau, uas yog hu ua "Aphorisms, los yog Xaiv xav ntawm ntau yam sau ntawv ...". Tom ntej no, cov phau ntawv pib tshwm nrog xws li cov nqe lus, thiab tom qab lub sij hawm los ua tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrov. Muaj yog ib tug ntau ntawm collections uas muaj cov kev qhia sib txawv ntawm cov sau phau ntawv. Tom qab cov kev txaus siab tau tuag cia ib tug me ntsis, thiab nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th muaj cov phau ntawv thiab thiaj li hu ua "aphorisms." Niaj hnub no lub sij hawm yog tsuas xam tau tias yog nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem tseem ceeb.

Lub keeb kwm ntawm lub aphorism raws li ib tug ib hom ntawv nyeem

Lub keeb kwm ntawm lub aphorism raws li ib tug ib hom ntawv nyeem yog xav tau ntau npaum li cas muaj teeb meem thiab tsis yooj yim, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj yav dhau los. Nyob rau cov nqe lus nug ntawm yog dab tsi lo lus aphorism raws li ib tug ib hom ntawv nyeem, teb unequivocally tsis muaj ib tug tau. Nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, ntseeg hais tias nws cia li sawv xwb nyob rau hauv lub niaj hnub ntaub ntawv, thiab muaj tsis muaj dab tsi ua nrog rau qhov ib hom ntawv nyeem. Txawm li cas los, lwm yam kws tshawb fawb cam hais tias lub aphorism - qhov no daim ntawv qhia. Nws yog yog li ntawd tsim nyog los xav txog nws keeb kwm los ntawm lub standpoint ntawm lub qhia. Niaj hnub nimno ntaub ntawv hais tias hais tias thiab aphorism - nws yog ib tug thiab tib yam. Niaj hnub no, cov tswv yim yog txuam nrog rau cov npe ntawm cov ancient xav. Antique thiab niaj hnub sayings hu ua aphorisms. Lawv yog cov tsis muaj dab tsi rau txhua tus lwm yam yog tsis sib txawv thiab muaj cov tib yam ntxwv nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem: luv luv, imagery, kev txawj ntse, ib tug sau thiab semantic tiav. Tag nrho cov no qhia tau hais tias lawv yuav mus rau tib ib hom ntawv nyeem. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, aphorisms - niaj hnub sayings thiab sayings - nws yog lawv yav tas los. Lawv, ntawm chav kawm, muaj lawv tus kheej cov yam ntxwv, tab sis tham txog lawv cov synonymy yog tseem tsis zoo ua, raws li lawv muaj tej yam sib txawv.

Lub keeb kwm ntawm lub aphorism, sayings

Qhov no txoj kev pib ntev ua ntej muaj lo lus "aphorism" nws tus kheej. Muaj pov thawj hais tias txawm nyob rau hauv lub peb Millennium BC. e. tim lyiv teb chaws muaj sayings. Lawv yog cov tseem muaj nyob rau hauv ntau civilizations ntawm sab hnub tuaj. Nrov heev lawv twb nyob rau hauv tim Nkij teb chaws. Yuav kom muaj ciaj sayings ntawm Plato, Socrates, Pythagoras, Epicurus, thiab lwm yam xav. Nyob rau hauv lub Renaissance, lawv kis tau rau cov teb chaws Europe. Nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm Erasmus «Adagia» tau sau ib tug loj loj tus naj npawb ntawm winged nqe lus thiab paj lug. Nyob rau hauv hais aphorisms tsim Wilde, Shaw, Smiles thiab lwm tus. Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 pib kawm theoretical essence thiab lexical ntsiab lus ntawm cov lo lus "aphorism". Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg ib tug tseem ceeb expansion ntawm kev kawm thiab cov kev taw qhia ntawm wit. Uas yog vim li cas aphorisms kis nyob rau hauv phau ntawv sau thuam, kev nom kev tswv thiab keeb kwm. Hloov cov style, tej humorous aphorisms, paradoxical thiab satirical cim, uas yog tsis tau cai nyob rau hauv medieval sayings.

Aphorisms. Yuav ua li cas yog nws? piv txwv ntawm qhov kev siv

Encyclopedia qhia txog cov aphorism li lub hom nqe lus uas tso cai rau siv sophisticated surprises yaum siv cov nqe lus. Nws yog tsis muaj peev xwm mus hais tau ib cov zajlus kom txoj kev, thiab siv tus piv npaj txhij txog lus. Sau daim ntawv no mas yog ntseeg ntawm cov correctness thiab siv witty thiab thawj clutch ntawm lo lus. Rau clarity, yuav tsum muab xav piv txwv ntawm classical aphorisms. Gorky hais tias: "Cov cai kom tsis txhob muab, muab txoj cai." Mayakovsky: "Lo lus - lub commander ntawm tus tib neeg rog." Descartes: "Kuv xav tias - kuv txhais hais tias kuv ua ib ke." Marx: "Kev cai dab qhuas - lub opium ntawm cov neeg" thiab lwm tus neeg.

Lub ntsiab yam ntxwv ntawm aphorisms

Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog cov npaj txhij txog thiab thawj. Hais tias yog dab tsi lawv yuav ua hauj lwm rau peb nco qab. Lawv yog cov tiag tiag sib sib zog nqus thiab tag nrho kev nkag siab ntawm qhov tshwm sim no lawv piav. Lawv tsis muaj direct pov thawj thiab paub tseeb tseeb. Ib tug txawv feature ntawm lawv yog xav tau lub logic. Yog hais tias nws yog ib qhov zoo rau kev cuam tshuam, nws yog tau mus nrhiav cov kev tsim nyog cov lus thiab cov pov thawj. Lawv muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam rau peb nco txog peb nws cov thawj hais. Ib tug semantic nqi muaj feem xyuam rau peb nco qab. Muaj cov neeg sayings uas yog heev npaj txhij txog kev tshawb pom thiab tsis coincide nrog cov views ntawm cov neeg feem coob. Txawm li cas los, cov tsos mob no yog cov kev zam rau txoj cai. Ib tug yuav tsis hais tias aphorisms yog tsis thwj thiab contradictory. Lawv yog cov me nyuam ntawm cov science. Niaj hnub no, lawv nyob ze rau nws nws zajlus kom precision thiab regularity.

nta ntsiab lus

Feem ntau, cov aphorisms yog aimed ntawm lub "nyob mus ib txhis" cov lus nug. Lawv tsa tej kev tseeb uas tau ntev lawm tsis nco qab lawm, tab sis yog ib qho tseem ceeb txaus. Lawv tau ib tug tshiab, heev thawj lub hnab ntawv. Thiab nws xav txaus attracts thiab fixes nws nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb. Aphorisms tsis muaj ib pawg ntseeg tua, tsis zoo li sayings. Peb yeej ib txwm paub tias xyov lawv sau phau ntawv. Kawm sayings muaj ib tug ncaj ncees thiab raug cai, thiab aphorisms ntawm no ntau yam yog npaum li cas wider. Muaj ib tug ntau ntawm aphorisms, slogans. Ib tug ntawm lawv qhia Viktor Gyugo: "Tsov rog rau lub pillory." Ib txhia ntawm lawv yog cov ironical. D. Jeremic hais tias: "perpetrators yog txawm cov neeg uas xav kom forcibly coj kev zoo siab rau lwm tus neeg." Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb yuav tau nco ntsoov hais tias lawv muaj ib tug romantic elation thiab tig tau. Lawv muaj lub title ntawm "high style". Niaj hnub no tseem qha lub tswvyim ntawm "aphorism" thiab "kab lus", txawm lub fact tias lawv muaj ib tug ntau zoo sib xws. Lawv muaj ib tug zoo xws li cov keeb kwm thiab yuav mus rau tib ib hom ntawv nyeem. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias tsis ncaj ncees lawm views on lub aphorism hnub no twb ua rau lawv tus kheej muaj ...