Antiochus Cantemir: biography. Tej hauj lwm Antioha Dmitrievicha Kantemira

Antioh Dmitrievich Kantemir - ib qho ntawm lub brightest nuj nqis ntawm syllabic kev cai era (lub heyday ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas ua ntej mus rau lub Lomonosov kho). Nws twb tag nrho tsim cwm pwm, koom tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv nom tswv: nws tuav diplomatic posts nyob rau hauv Catherine I. Wb tau ntsib los ze zog nrog nws ua hauj lwm thiab biography.

Antiochus Cantemir: ib tug luv luv biography

Antiochus tau yug los nyob rau hauv 1708 nyob rau hauv lub princely tsev neeg nrog Romanian cov hauv paus hniav. Nws txiv, Dmitry K., yog tus uas kav lub Moldavian nqi zog, thiab nws niam, Cassandra, koom rau ib qho kev thaum ub thiab noble tsev neeg ntawm Cantacuzino. Nws twb yug los thiab siv hauv thawj xyoo ntawm nws lub neej nyob rau hauv Constantinople (tam sim no Istanbul), thiab nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav 1712 lub tsev neeg tsiv tsev mus rau lub Lavxias teb sab teb chaws Ottoman.

Cov tsev neeg Antiochus Kantemir yog tus yau tshaj. Muaj 6 cov me nyuam: 4 tug tub thiab 2 tug ntxhais (Maria, Smaragd, Matthew, Sergei, Constantine thiab nroog Ati-aukias). Lawv tag nrho cov tau txais ib qho kev kawm zoo nyob rau ntawm lub tsev, tab sis tsuas yog peb hero coj kom zoo dua ntawm lub sij hawm thiab txuas ntxiv kawm nyob rau hauv Greco-Slavic Academy. Ua tsaug rau cov mob siab rau thiab nqhis dej rau kev txawj ntse, tub huabtais Antiochus Cantemir los ua ib qho ntawm feem enlightened thiab hnyav neeg ntawm lub 18th xyoo pua!

Tom qab kawm tiav, cov tub ntxhais Antiochus tuaj koom lub Preobrazhensky tso kom muaj kab muaj kev, thiab sai sai no Rose mus rau qib chij. Thaum lub sij hawm cov xyoo (1726-1728 gg.), Nws kawm tsev kawm ntawv lectures Bernoulli thiab Gross nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Academy ntawm Sciences.

Tus thawj hauj lwm ntawm tus kws

Thaum pib ntawm lub tswv yim txoj kev uas tus kws ntawv muaj nyob rau lub sij hawm uas, thaum haiv neeg muaj cai heev cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau qhov kev ncua ntawm cov kho ntawm Peter I. Antiochus nws tus kheej yog ib tug follower ntawm Peter lub sawv, li ntawd, nyob rau hauv 1727 nws tuaj koom cov pab pawg neeg, uas twb mus los ntawm Feofan Prokopovich. Nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm peb muaj ib tug yawm cawv cov pej xeem sentiments.

Cov thawj heev ntawm nws ua hauj lwm tau sau raws li ib tug tswv yim qhia rau cov biblical verses thiab nkauj, nws twb hu ua "Symphony Nkauj rau". Nyob rau hauv 1726 nws nthuav nws sau Catherine kuv, raws li ib tug kos npe rau ntawm kev hwm thiab kev tswm seeb. Tus huab tais yog txaus siab heev rau nws sayings, thiab tus ntawv sau twb luam ib tsab ntawm 1000 daim ntawv luam.

Lub nto moo tshaj plaws phau ntawv Cantemir

Tom qab ntawd, nws pib mus rau txhais ntau yam txawv teb chaws tej hauj lwm, mas - nws yog txhais los ntawm Fabkis. Lub nto moo tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm, uas pom zoo raws li ib tug zoo kawg neeg txhais lus - ib tug neeg txhais lus ntawm Fontenelle. Antiochus Kantemir tsis tau tsuas yog ua raws li tus competent retelling ntawm phau ntawv "Lub tham txog lwm haiv neeg worlds", tab sis kuj ntxiv ib nqe lus ntawm nws tus kheej kev xav thiab cov lus. Dua li ntawm qhov cov num ntawm cov phau ntawv nyob rau hauv ntau European lub teb chaws, nyob rau hauv Russia, nws tej hauj lwm tau txwv los ntawm lub Empress, vim hais tias nws liam fab cov me nyuam yaus ntawm morality thiab kev ntseeg.

Antiochus Cantemir: tej hauj lwm ntawm satire

Antioch yog suav hais tias yog tus tsim ntawm qhov no zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, raws li ib tug satire. Nws thawj paj huam denounced ntseeg Sciences. Ib qho ntawm feem nto moo tej hauj lwm yog "Yuav kom tsis txhob thuam tej lus qhuab qhia. Yuav kom nws lub siab," nyob rau hauv no ua hauj lwm, nws ironically hais txog cov neeg uas xav txog lawv tus kheej "txawj ntse", tab sis "nyob rau hauv Zlatoust tsis to taub."

Lub blossoming ntawm nws lub tswv yim kev ua si coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 1727-1730. Nyob rau hauv 1729, ib tug tag nrho series ntawm lawv satirical versification twb tsim. Tag nrho cov 9 nws sau satires, ntawm no yog cov feem ntau nto moo ntawm lawv:

• "Yuav kom cov khib ntawm cov nom tswv cajceg zloenravnyh" - thuam cov ua nom ua tswv, leej twg tau poob nws thawj tus cwj pwm zoo thiab nyob deb tom qab kab lis kev cai.
• "Nyob rau hauv qhov sib txawv ntawm tib neeg passions" - nws yog ib yam ntawm cov lus rau cov Archbishop ntawm Novgorod, uas raug tej kev txhaum thiab passions ntawm senior lub tsev teev ntuj thawj coj.
• "Qhov tseeb bliss" - tej hauj lwm ntawm sau ntawv Antioh Dmitrievich Kantemir hais lus tshaj nyob mus ib txhis lo lus nug ntawm lub neej thiab muab cov lus teb "tsuas yog tus foom koob hmoov rau nyob rau hauv lub neej no uas yog cov ntsiab lus nrog me ntsis thiab nyob rau hauv kev sib haum xeeb."

feature hauj lwm

Lom zem ntau satirical None yog vim nws tus kheej kev ntseeg. Tub huabtais Antiochus Cantemir yog li ntawd loyal rau Russia thiab lub Lavxias teb sab neeg hlub, hais tias nws lub hom phiaj yog mus ua txhua yam rau lawv noj qab nyob zoo. Nws sympathized nrog tag nrho cov kho ntawm Peter kuv, thiab tus huab tais nws tus kheej yog infinitely fwm rau nws dag zog nyob rau hauv kev kawm ntawv txoj kev loj hlob. Tag nrho nws cov kev xav tab teev nyob rau hauv nws sau. Lub ntsiab feature ntawm nws cov kwv huam thiab fables yog mos diatribes, nws tej hauj lwm yog tag nrho ntawm ua lwj ua liam thiab tsis muaj soperezhevany tu siab txog cov poob ntawm ntau ntawm cov poj endeavors ntawm Peter I.

Ib txhia hais tias Antiochus Cantemir, uas nws biography yog tseem muaj kev txhawj xeeb nrog cov pej xeem ua ub no, yog muaj peev xwm mus tsim tau li no: kev nom kev tswv satire tsuas yog los ntawm kev ua ambassador mus ces. Nws yog muaj hais tias nws kis tau txoj kev txawj ntse txog cov qauv ntawm lub xeev, los ua cuab kav nrog tej hauj lwm ntawm tus poj Western Enlightenment: creativity Horace, Juvenal, Boileau thiab Persia muaj ib tug zoo kawg li cawv rau nws ua hauj lwm.

State ua si Antioha Kantemira

Cantemir nroog Ati-aukias Dmitrievich (biography yog zoo intertwined nrog lub xa cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws) yog ib tug supporter ntawm lub kho ntawm Peter kuv, li ntawd, nyob rau hauv 1731 nws tau hais tawm tsam cov nqi, uas npaj siab mus muab nobles nom tswv txoj cai. Txawm li cas los, nws nyiam qhov haum ntawm lub Empress Anny Ioannovny, nws tau zoo heev pab rau qhov nthuav ntawm nws tej hauj lwm.

Txawm tias nws cov hluas, Antiochus Kantemir yog tau mus cuag zoo zoo nyob rau hauv pej xeem affairs. Nws yog nws leej twg pab cov Empress coj nws rightful qhov chaw raws li cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub Supreme Council tau npaj mus rau theem ib coup. Antiochus Cantemir sau ntau kos npe ntawm cov tub ceev xwm thiab lwm yam kev ua hauj lwm sib txawv ntawm cov ibyam, thiab ces tus escorted Trubetskoy thiab Cherkasky nyob rau hauv Empress Palace. Rau nws cov kev pab cuam nws twb generously muab tej txiaj ntsim nrog cov nyiaj ntsuab thiab muab tso rau diplomatic ambassador mus ces.

diplomatic ibyam

Thaum pib ntawm 1732 thaum lub hnub nyoog ntawm 23 xyoo, nws mus rau London ua txoj hauj lwm ntawm ib tug diplomatic neeg nyob. Dua li ntawm qhov tsis muaj kev txawj hais lus thiab cov tsis muaj kev kawm txawj, nws muaj peev xwm mus ua tau zoo kawg tau nyob rau hauv txhawb kev txaus siab ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab teb chaws Ottoman. Lub British lawv tus kheej hais lus ntawm nws raws li ib tug ncaj ncees thiab benevolent xwb. Nthuav fact: nws yog tus thawj Lavxias teb sab ambassador nyob rau hauv ib tug thaj teb chaws.

Ambassador mus ces hauj lwm rau nws ib tug zoo diplomatic tsev kawm ntawv, thiab tom qab 6 xyoo ntawm cov kev pab nyob rau hauv London, nws twb pauv mus rau Fabkis. Nws muaj kev tswj kom tsim ib tug zoo kev sib raug zoo nrog ntau Fabkis nuj nqis: Maupertuis, Montesquieu thiab lwm tus neeg.

1735-1740-ies heev hnyav nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab-Fabkis kev sib raug zoo, muaj ntau yam contradictions, tab sis ua tsaug rau lub dag zog ntawm Cantemir, ntau yam teeb meem tau raug daws los ntawm kev thaj yeeb haum xeeb.

hmoo tej hauj lwm

Nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov nws sau txog 150 tej hauj lwm, cov uas muaj satirical kwv huam, lus ntsuag, epigrams, Odes thiab txhais los ntawm Fabkis. Lawv dim los txog niaj hnub, tab sis ib co ntawm nws loj txhais tau ploj mus lawm. Muaj suspicions hais tias lawv puas lawm txhob txwm.

Piv txwv li, tus tseem tsis paub hais tias txoj hmoo ntawm phau tau txhais "Epictetus", "Persian ntawv" thiab ntau lwm yam translations ntawm cov khoom los ntawm Fabkis rau hauv Lavxias teb sab.

Ib txhia ntawm nws tej hauj lwm Antiochus Cantemir kos npe rau hauv lub npe ntawm Hariton Makentin uas yog ib tug anagram ntawm nws lub npe thiab lub xeem. Nws yog zoo siab rau nws ua hauj lwm, tab sis lawv tsis pom qhov kaj: muaj tau ploj mus lawm yuav luag tag nrho cov nplooj ntawv ntawm ntawv sau.

Nws txawj legacy yog ntau tshaj ib puas thiab tsib caug tej hauj lwm, xws li 9 satirical versification, 5 zaj nkauj (Ode), 6 fables, 15 epigrams (3 uas yog hu ua "ntawv sau ntawv", thiab sawv cev rau lub peb qhov chaw ntawm ib tug tib khoom), hais txog 50 translations, 2-3 loj translation ua hauj lwm los ntawm Fabkis sau phau ntawv uas twb contemporaries ntawm Cantemir.

Yuav ua li cas pab tau los ntawm Antiochus nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv?

Nws tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm txoj kev loj hlob thiab tsim ntawm ancient Lavxias teb sab, thiab niaj hnub ntaub ntawv, nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau overestimate. Tom qab tag nrho cov teeb meem tsa nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm, tseem ceeb rau lub hnub tam sim no: .. Thov mus rau lub ministers ntawm lub hwj chim, tsis raws kev cai ua ntawm ua hauj lwm thiab lawv tsev neeg, thiab lwm yam Cantemir yog lub forefather ntawm no hom ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, raws li ib tug satire. Ib tug yuav hais dab tsi yuav zoo siab titular tub vaj ntxwv, thiab rau cov uas nws sau tau ib satire? Cov lus teb cov lus dag nyob rau hauv nws sau, nyob rau hauv uas nws paub hais tias tsuas yog ib lub yeej muaj tseeb kev txiav txim zoo ntawm cov neeg pej xeem muab nws lub siab tawv kom sau xws li ib tug poignant satirical tej hauj lwm. Incidentally, lo lus "pej xeem" tau coined nws tus kheej Cantemir!

Cov ncej ntawm ambassador nyob rau hauv Paris muaj ib tug tsis zoo feem nyob rau hauv nws noj qab haus huv, uas yog twb tsis muaj zog vim muaj ib tug me nyuam tseem yau kab mob - smallpox. Tu siab, Cantemir muaj nyiaj mus dhau ib ntev thiab mob tuag. Nws tuag nyob rau hauv Paris nyob rau hauv 1744 thaum lub hnub nyoog ntawm 37 xyoo. Nws raug faus nyob rau hauv St. Nicholas Greek monastery, uas yog nyob rau hauv Moscow.