Anticoagulants - tshuaj uas cuam tshuam rau cov ntshav txhaws

Nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob, ntshav yog ib tug ua kua uas muab lub zog ntawm nws lub plawv system. Nyob rau hauv kab thiab cab kab mob, raws li tau zoo raws li intoxications hloov nws physico-tshuaj zog, uas adversely muaj feem xyuam rau lub metabolic dab thiab cov hauj lwm ntawm sab hauv nruab nrog cev. Yog li lom tseem ceeb muaj txhaws nqi. Nws yuav ceev thiab qeeb. Nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj, siv ib tug ntau ntawm cov neeg ua hauj pharmacological nrog kev pab los ntawm cov uas koj yuav tau kho cov kev ceev ntawm cov ntshav txhaws. Anticoagulants - tshuaj uas qeeb tus txheej txheem ntawm coagulation ntawm cov ntshav, raws li ib tug txhais tau tias mus leeb no tiv thaiv lub teb, hu ua coagulants.

Lub mechanism ntawm coagulation thiab thrombus tsim - ib tug complex biochemical txheej txheem uas tiv thaiv lub cev los ntawm cov ntshav tsis thaum lub sij hawm vascular sam xeeb ua txhaum. Qhov no txoj kev yog nqa tawm nyob rau cov nuj nqis ntawm prothrombin, uas yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub siab, thiab platelets, uas ua raws li cov collagen fibers ntawm cov npoo ntawm cov puas txog ntsha. Nyob rau hauv lub hydrolysis txheej txheem faib platelet-nplua nuj tebchaw (adenozintrifosfatnaya thiab adenozindifosfatnaya acid), thromboplastin thiab vasoconstrictors - norepinephrine, epinephrine, serotonin. Lawv nqaim cov hlab lumen. Thromboplastin nyob rau hauv tus ntawm calcium thiab ntshav cov nqaijrog kev cob cog rua nrog prothrombin thiab thrombin cov ntaub ntawv, uas yog ib tug protein (fibrinogen) yog hloov dua siab tshiab rau insoluble fibrin, kev sib khi ib leeg tshav lumen.

Ntshav slows kab mob txuam nrog txo calcium ntau nyob rau hauv cov ntshav, ib tug txo nyob rau hauv platelet suav, prothrombin synthesis teeb meem ntawm fibrinogen, thrombokinase tsis txaus ua si thiab vitamin K. Lub coagulants siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj, thrombin, fibrinogen, calcium chloride, menadione, aminocaproic acid, zaub npaj (nettle nplooj, dej kua txob).

Anticoagulants - tshuaj uas inhibit qhov kev lom ua si ntawm lub system, uas muab cov ntshav coagulation thiab tiv thaiv cov tsim ntawm txhaws nyob rau hauv cov hlab ntsha. Lawv inhibit tag nrho los yog ib txhia ntawm cov theem ntawm cov ntshav txhaws. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias cov ntshav kua hauv lub xeev yog tswj los ntawm kev enzymes thiab antitrobminom. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tiv thaiv tau cov tsim ntawm cov ntshav txhaws, anticoagulants siv ncaj qha kev txiav txim. Lawv muaj kev cuam tshuam cov ntshav txhaws yam ncua hauv tus txheej txheem nyob rau hauv lub cev los yog lub raj. Sodium citrate (sodium citrate) thiab EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetate acid) khi lub ionized calcium ntawm cov ntshav thiab hloov nws mus rau hauv calcium citrate yog complexed nrog EDTA. Nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog cov kev tshem tawm ntawm calcium ions los ntawm cov ntshav txhaws system yog tsim thrombin thiab fibrin. Heparin inactivates thrombogenic yam thiab cheeb qhov uas cov conversion of prothrombin rau thrombin. Anticoagulants - ncaj qha kev txiav txim ntawm cov tshuaj kws kho rau transfusion thiab hematology kuaj cov kev tshawb fawb rau cov kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov ntshav txhaws thiab rau cov kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob uas nrog los ntawm ib tug ceev cov ntshav txhaws. Cov tshuaj siv rau kev tiv thaiv thiab kev kho mob ntawm thromboembolic teeb meem.

Anticoagulants ntawm indirect txiav txim - bishydroxycoumarin, coumarin, sinkumar - thaiv lub synthesis ntawm enzymes uas muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv cov ntshav txhaws. Lawv inhibit thrombin tsim nyob rau hauv lub siab. Qhov no txoj kev npaj nyob rau hauv tus kab mob tsis pub dhau 12-72 teev thiab nws tau qhia nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm ntawm los ntawm ob mus rau kaum hnub. Qhov no yog ib tug ntev-sawv tshuaj. Anticoagulants - tshuaj indirect tshuaj rau kev tiv thaiv thiab kev kho mob ntawm thrombosis, embolism, thrombophlebitis.