Alpha-adrenergic agonists: hauj lwm, daim ntawv thov, hauv paus ntsiab lus

Agonists yog ib pab pawg neeg ntawm cov tshuaj, lub txiaj ntsim ntawm uas yog txuam nrog stimulation ntawm adrenergic receptors nyob rau hauv lub hauv nruab nrog cev, thiab leeg tshav phab ntsa. Tag nrho adrenoceptors raug muab faib ua ob peb pawg nyob rau hauv lub chaw kho hom haum xeeb nyhuv thiab lub peev xwm los tsim ceg muaj tus nquag tshuaj. Alpha-agonists stimulating nyhuv on alpha-adrenergic receptors, ua ib lub teb ntawm lub cev.

Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug alpha-adrenergic receptors

A1-adrenoceptors nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw lub week ntawm lub hlwb nyob rau hauv lub synapse teb rau norepinephrine, uas yog tso tawm los ntawm paj xaus ntawm qhov postganglionic neurons ntawm lub sympathetic lub paj hlwb. Laus nyob rau hauv cov hlab ntsha me me caliber. receptor stimulation ua vasospasm, kub siab, txo permeability ntawm lub arterial phab ntsa, kom txhob muaj tej kev tshwm sim ntawm inflammatory tshua nyob hauv lub cev.

A 2-adrenergic receptors nyob sab nraum lub synapses rau lub presynaptic cell daim nyias nyias. Li cas rau qhov kev txiav txim ntawm noradrenaline thiab adrenaline. receptor stimulation ua rau ib tug backlash, uas yog manifested los ntawm hypotension thiab leeg tshav so.

General ntaub ntawv hais txog adrenomimetikami

Alpha- thiab beta-agonists, uas yog nws tus kheej txuam nrog rhiab heev rau lawv receptors thiab ua cov nyhuv ntawm adrenaline los yog noradrenaline cawv, hu ua cov txhais tau tias ntawm ncaj qha kev txiav txim.

Cov tshwm sim ntawm tus ntawm cov tshuaj tej zaum yuav tshwm sim thiab ib tug indirect nyhuv uas manifests nws tus kheej los ntawm stimulation tiam tus kheej neurotransmitters, tiv thaiv lawv degradation, tsub kom lub concentration ntawm cov hlab txoj.

Adrenoceptor agonists raug cov nram qab no tej yam kev mob:

• lub plawv tsis ua hauj lwm, mob hypotension, cev qhuav dej, poob siab, mob raug ntes;
• mob hawb pob, bronchospasm;
• kom intraocular siab;
• inflammatory kab mob ntawm lub qog ua kua membrane ntawm lub qhov muag thiab qhov ntswg;
• hypoglycemic coma;
• hauv zos tshuaj loog.

Alpha-adrenergic agonists

tshuaj pab pawg neeg xws li xim (sawv ib hom ntawm receptor) thiab uas tsis yog-xim (A1 excitation thiab a2-receptors) txhais tau tias. Tsis-xim alpha-agonists xa ncaj qha noradrenaline, stimulating thiab acting nyob rau hauv beta-receptors.

Alpha-agonists rau a1-receptors - antishock tshuaj siv nrog ib tug ntse txo nyob rau hauv cov ntshav siab. Nws yuav siv zos, ua narrowing ntawm arterioles, uas yog siv tau rau glaucoma, los yog kev tsis haum txhaws ntswg. Paub cov tshuaj Group:

• "Midodrin";
• "Mezaton";
• "Etilefrin".

Alpha-adrenergic agonists, rau lub A2 receptor, ntau lub npe hu mus rau lub general loj ntawm cov pejxeem vim hais tias ntawm nws cov universal daim ntawv thov. Sab saum toj cov neeg sawv cev - "Xylometazoline," "Nazol", "Sanorin", "Visine". Siv nyob rau hauv txoj kev kho ntawm inflammatory kab mob ntawm lub qhov muag thiab qhov ntswg (conjunctivitis, rhinitis, sinusitis).

Cov tshuaj no hu rau lawv vasoconstrictor nyhuv, uas eliminates qhov ntswg congestion. Cov kev siv ntawm cov nyiaj yuav tsum muab qhov chaw tsuas nyob rau hauv lub saib xyuas ntawm ib tug kws, raws li ntev uncontrolled txais tos tej zaum yuav ua rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov tshuaj stability thiab mucosal Atrophy.

Cov me nyuam yaus kuj taw cov neeg ua hauj muaj alpha-adrenergic agonists. Tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no muaj ib tug tsawg dua concentration ntawm lub active tshuaj. Cov tib daim ntawv no yog siv nyob rau hauv cov kev kho mob ntawm cov neeg uas txom nyem los ntawm cov ntshav qab zib thiab kub siab.

Alpha-adrenergic agonists, excitatory a2-receptors, thiab muaj xws li centrally acting agents ( "methyldopa", "Clonidine", "Katapresan"). Lawv cov nyhuv yog raws li nram no:

• hypotensive cov nyhuv;
• poob lub plawv dhia;
• calming cov nyhuv;
• me mob nyem;
• txo secretion ntawm lacrimal thiab muaj qaub ncaug;
• txo secretion dej nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv.

"Mezaton"

Kev npaj raws li phenylephrine hydrochloride, ua zog cov ntshav siab. Nws daim ntawv thov yuav tsum tau muaj tseeb dosing li sai tau reflex txo lub plawv dhia. "Mezaton" tsub kom lub siab maj mam nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog rau lwm cov tshuaj, tab sis cov nyhuv yog check ntau.

Indications txhais tau tias:

• hypotension, cev qhuav dej;
• kev npaj rau kev phais;
• vasomotor txhaws ntswg ;
• hauv zos tshuaj loog;
• lom ntawm cov ntau yam etiologies.

Qhov yuav tsum tau rau tam sim ntawd tau yuav tsum tau tso dej thawj coj. Cov tshuaj no kuj txhaj mus rau hauv cov nqaij, subcutaneously, intranasally.

"Xylometazoline"

Cov tshuaj muaj tib lub npe cov active tshuaj, ib feem ntawm "galazolin" "Otrivin" "ksimelin" "Dlyanosa". Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv lub tshuaj pleev kev kho mob ntawm mob kis rhinitis, sinusitis, hay fever, otitis media, nyob rau hauv kev npaj rau lub ua hauj lwm los yog diagnostic txheej txheem ntawm lub qhov ntswg kab noj hniav.

Nws yuav ua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov tshuaj tsuag, dauv thiab qhov ntswg gel daim ntaub ntawv. Txau tso cai rau cov me nyuam los ntawm 12 xyoo ntawm lub hnub nyoog. Yuav ceev faj tsa nyob rau hauv lub nram qab no tej yam kev mob:

• angina;
• lactation;
• thyroid kab mob;
• prostatic hyperplasia;
• mob ntshav qab zib;
• cev xeeb tub.

"Clonidine"

Cov tshuaj no yog ib qho alpha-adrenoceptor agonists. Lub mechanism ntawm qhov kev txiav txim "clonidine" yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub excitation ntawm a2-adrenergic receptors, resulting nyob rau hauv ib tug txo nyob rau hauv siab, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm me me ua kom loog thiab tshuaj kom tsaug zog.

Lug siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntaub ntawv ntawm tawg, hypertensive ntsoog, los daws glaucoma nres nyob rau hauv ua ke nrog nrog lwm yam tshuaj rau cov kev kho mob ntawm cov tshuaj thiab haus dej haus cawv yees.

"Clonidine" yog txhob thaum lub sij hawm cev xeeb tub, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev mob loj gestosis nyob rau hauv lub tom qab ua sawv, thaum cov kev pab rau cov niam ntau tshaj txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim txom rau hauv lub fetus, nws yog tej zaum yuav siv me me koob tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv ua ke nrog nrog lwm yam tshuaj.

"Visine"

Vasoconstrictor tshuaj los ntawm tetryzoline siv nyob rau hauv Ophthalmology. Nyob rau hauv nws cov cawv tshwm sim mydriasis, conjunctival edema txo, txo nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov intraocular kua. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv cov kev kho mob ntawm kev tsis haum conjunctivitis, los ntawm cov neeg kho tshuab, lub cev los yog tshuaj kev txiav txim ntawm txawv teb chaws cov neeg ua hauj nyob rau hauv lub qog ua kua muag daj.

Overdose alpha agonists

Overdose yog manifested pheej hloov characterizing cov teebmeem ntawm alpha-agonists. Tus neeg mob muaj kev txhawj xeeb ntshav siab, muaj zog lub plawv dhia atherosclerosis ntshawv siab. Thaum lub sij hawm no lub sij hawm nws yog tau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm stroke los yog pulmonary edema.

Therapy overdosing yog mus thov cov nram qab no pab pawg neeg ntawm cov tshuaj:

1. Peripheral sympatholytic cuam tshuam rau kis tau tus mob ntawm cov hlab impulses nyob rau hauv lub periphery thiab nyob rau hauv lub paj hlwb. Yog li, txo siab yog tsis lub plawv dhia thiab peripheral kuj.
2. Calcium antagonists tswj thaiv cov hlab cov ndlwg ntawm calcium ions rau hauv lub hlwb. Plawv nqaij thiaj li oxygen thov, txo contractility nws pab so thaum lub sij hawm diastole, expanding tag nrho cov pab pawg ntawm cov hlab ntsha.
3. Myotropic tshuaj So kom txaus du leeg, kuj muaj nqaij thiab cov hlab ntsha.

Alpha-adrenergic agonists, siv cov uas muaj ib tug loj pawg ntawm readings, yuav tsum tau ceev faj xaiv ntawm ntau npaum, xyuas cov electrocardiogram, ntshav siab, peripheral cov ntshav.