Allegory - yog allegorical nyob rau hauv Greek

"Zoo, koj thiab Plyushkin!" - peb hais miser, uas tau raug muab tag nrho cov xaiv ntawm cov ruaj yam cia li rau lub hom phiaj ntawm hoarding. Los yog, "Qhov ntawd yog tswm," - hais txog ib tug txiv neej ruam thiab tawv ncauj. Thaum peb pom ib daim duab ntawm ib tug nquab hovering, peb to taub tias peb yuav sib tham txog lub purity thiab sublimity ntawm ntsuj plig, Yudas - txog ntxeev siab, ib tug poj niam nrog ib tug npog qhov muag thiab dos nyob rau hauv nws txhais tes - nyob rau impartiality thiab ncaj ncees. Thiab peb tsis txawm xav txog qhov tseeb hais tias tus hais lus thiab meej pem txaus siab mus rau xws li ib tug lub tswv yim raws li allegory. Qhov no yog thaum ib yam dab tsi paub daws teeb thiab cov abstract yog kis tau nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib lub duab, artistic lossis phau ntawv. Tom qab tag nrho, peb tau kawm los ntawm phau Vajlugkub hais tias Yudas ntxeev siab rau Yexus thiab mus ib txhis ua ib txoj kev ntawm kev dag thiab ntxeev siab, tej uas tau kawm los ntawm fairy tales hais tias cov hma liab - nws yog ib tug ua kom yuam kev, ib tug luav - cowardly, thiab hais txog.

Nyob rau hauv Greek allegoria (allegory) - qhov no yog ib qho allegory. Peb yuav sau ntawv, "Tshuaj", thiab muaj peev xwm sawv cev rau hauv ib lub tais nrog ib tug nab, nyob rau hauv no thiab nyob rau hauv lwm cov ntaub ntawv, txhua leej txhua tus yuav nkag siab txog dab tsi yog qab lub qhov rooj, tab sis tus thawj txiav txim rectilinear, thiab lub thib ob - allegory.

Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm cov tswvyim no twb muab nyob rau hauv lub treatises ntawm Cicero thiab pseudo-Longinus, nyob rau lub kos duab ntawm lub orator. Nyob rau hauv lub Nrab Hnub nyoog nws twb ntseeg tau hais tias ib tug allegory - nws yog ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb, uas yuav tsum tau muaj tej artistic lossis phau ntawv ua hauj lwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yuav tsum tau ib tug literal, ncaj ncees thiab kev kawm tseem ceeb.

Allegory nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem yog siv heev lug thiab nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau npaum li cas tom qab lub sij hawm. Piv txwv li, Roman Gogolya "tuag Souls" yog tag nrho ntawm allegorical cim: Plyushkin Tshuaj Ntsiav Sobakevich, qhov ntswg - txhua ntawm lawv yog ib tug prime tshem me me ntawm tej kev kho raws los yog tib neeg, rau Piv txwv li, ib tug nyuaj-ntaus cim sijhawm: avarice, sloth, kev phem, thiab hais txog ..

Muaj tag nrho lwm yam, uas yog tsuas yog ua nyob rau hauv lub allegory siv dluab: dab neeg, fairy taleas, ib tug zaj lus piv txwv. Sawv thaum hmo ntuj txhua txhua qib tsib me nyuam kawm ntawv thiab nug: "Yuav ua li cas dab neeg?" Tus uab lag thiab tus hma liab "," - "Nyob rau hauv uas tsis tseeb ntxias thiab saib iav heev" - otraportuet kawm thiab dua faus nyob rau hauv ib daim pam. Tab sis nyob rau hauv thaum sawv ntxov, ua tib zoo so nws ob lub qhov muag, nws yuav qhia rau koj txog lub Saltykov-Shchedrin thiab nws cov "txawj ntse ntses", thiab rookeries Gorky dag penguins siab tawv falcons, petrels, dub xob li. Yog hais tias qhov chaw nyob ze yuav qhia ib tug me nyuam, nws yog tseem tau mus kawm rau hauv lub xeem ntawv: "Xyooj?" - "Lub Hwj Chim, nyob tsis tus, simplicity!" - "Ib tug hma?" - "Npau taws, bloodthirstiness, silliness!" - "Hma liab?" - "Qhov ua kom yuam, kev dag, treachery!" - "Zoo heev! Khaws cov khoom qab zib! "

Yog li ntawd hais tias txawm cov me nyuam me paub zoo heev, uas yog ib tug allegory. Nws yog xeeb los ntawm tus thawj heev phau ntawv, puppet shows, qub tas lauv.

Txhua yam ntawm kev kos duab tau, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub cov ntaub ntawv, yog xam qhovkev nyob rau hauv qhov kev siv ntawm txoj kev ua no raws li ib tug allegory? Painting, ntawm chav kawm, duab puab, graphics, lwm yam ntawm tus fine arts, ob qho tib si classical thiab niaj hnub.

Ib tug piv txwv zoo ntawm no yuav pab raws li ib tug duab puab "Lub Bronze Horseman" nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg. Nyob rau hauv Crest ntawm ib tug yoj ntawm lub nce Tsar Peter lub kub nees ko taw tuaj mus rau lub nab. Wave - yog lub caij yuav tsum tau kov yeej nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tsim kom muaj ib lub nroog (lub marshy shores ntawm lub Neva dej), nab - obstacles thiab muaj teeb meem pw nyob rau hauv tos ib pliag nyob rau txhua txhua kauj ruam ntawm lub reformer, tus nees - Russia, agitated nrhav thiab cov tswv yim ntawm nws tus pas ntsuas.

Lub allegorical painting rau zoo lis ntau ntau ntxias: Raphael, Botticelli, Titian, Rubens thiab ntau lwm tus neeg.