Alfred Garrievich Shnitke - ib tug composer cov ntse heev

Tireless neeg ua hauj lwm - yog Alfred Schnittke. Lub suab paj nruag tsim los ntawm nws, loj-scale thiab loj nyob rau hauv nws cov cuab yeej cuab tam. Lub composer muaj hwj chim tshaj txhua yam: ua yeeb yam thiab ballets, orchestral tej hauj lwm, zaj duab xis music, chamber thiab lub suab qw tej hauj lwm. Nws hais lus rau peb nyob rau hauv lub niaj hnub hais lus, tswj raws kev sib txuas lus nrog dab tsi yog xav tau ib tug classic.

Tsev Neeg thiab Cov Menyuam Yaus

Ib tsev neeg uas tau yug los Alfred Garrievich Shnitke (1934 - 1998), yog heev muaj xwm txheej. Leej Txiv - ib tug German Jew los ntawm Liepaja, nws niam - ib tug German poj niam. Rau ob lub hom lus yog German, lawv enjoyed hais lus rau txhua tus lwm yam nyob rau hauv tsev. Multilingualism yog ntau rau tag nrho cov neeg ntawm tsev neeg. Thiab rau cov me Alfred, thiab nws tus tij laug thiab tus muam, thiab pog, uas twb koom nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab txhais lus los ntawm German rau hauv Lavxias teb sab thiab vice versa. Thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog II lub ntiaj teb no kuv txiv, Harry V., nws tau txais kev pab nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Army. Thiab tom qab tsov rog nws raug xa mus rau ib tug correspondent nyob rau hauv Vienna rau ob lub xyoos. Lub Austrian capital yeej ib txwm tau ib tug ntawm cov suab paj nruas chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw uas muaj cov suab paj nruag, nws pib nws cov suab paj nruas kev kawm ntawv yav tom ntej composer Alfred Garrievich Shnitke.

Qhov rov qab mus rau lub USSR

Thaum ua hauj lwm txawv teb chaws lawm, cov niam txiv tsawm nyob rau hauv Moscow thiab ob pib ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ntawv xov xwm luam tawm nyob rau hauv German, uas yog hu ua "Tshiab Lub neej". Thaum cov niam txiv Soviet ntaub ntawv txhais ua German, thiab Alfred yuav tiav lub tsev kawm ntawv, thiab lub Moscow Conservatory thiab kawm tiav lub tsev kawm ntawv. Nyob rau hauv 1960, Alfred Garrievich Shnitke mus nyob hauv lub Union ntawm Composers. Tom qab ntawd, nws pib qhia rau cov conservatory, qhov uas nws kawm. ces, koj hais tias qhov no yog tsis txaus, nws pib composing music rau films. Nws yog ib nqi mus rau ntsiab nws ua hauj lwm nrog ib tug zoo kawg thawj coj Larisa Shepitko, starring tseeb thiab txaus ntshai tsov rog zaj duab xis "Cia li sawv" (1976). Cov nyob mus ib txhis ntsiab ntawm txoj thiab txi tau reflected nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag, uas yog tsim los ntawm Alfred Garrievich Shnitke, tau sau nrog qee thiab mysticism thiab txuas nrog lawv sib sib zog nqus psychology thiab biblical ntxhais. Qhov no pub rau tus thawj coj thiab lub lam ntau siab qhia tus ua yeeb yam Vasilya Bykova. Nyob rau hauv kev, nws tau sau music rau ntau tshaj li rau caum films, thiab ob peb ua yeeb yam. Nyob rau hauv 1989, Alfred Garrievich Shnitke yuav tau txais qhov puav pheej "Nika" rau "Commissioner" suab paj nruag rau cov zaj duab xis. Nws ua hauj lwm tsuas nrog peb zoo tshaj plaws directors, uas nws films nrog Alfreda Shnitke music yuav ib tug tshwm sim: Andrew Mitt - "coob", Andrey Smirnov - "Caij nplooj zeeg", Elem Klimov - "txom nyem". Quotes thiab cov ntxhais los ntawm zaj duab xis music composer siv los tsim kev hais kwv txhiaj daim.

matrimony

Thawj sib yuav rau Galina Koltsinoy yog luv luv (1956 - 1958). Tab sis lub thib ob kev sib yuav yog kev zoo siab thiab tag nrho cov kev sib raug zoo. Qhov ob peb tau ntsib raws li ib tug kws qhia ntawv thiab menyuam kawm ntawv. Thiab, raws li ib txwm, tus kws qhia ntawv poob rau hauv kev hlub. Tom qab ib co uncertainty Irina Kataeva nyob rau hauv 1961 kev sib yuav tau sau npe. Pianist thiab composer koom lawv txoj hmoo. By lub sij hawm no pib los tsim ib tug tshwj xeeb style ntawm lub composer.

originality ntawm cov suab paj nruag

Composer brilliantly mastered rau tag nrho cov uas twb muaj lawm niaj hnub lwm yam. Ib tug mighty txuj ci thiab kuj zoo kawg kev mob siab pab kom tsim ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm tej hauj lwm: ua yeeb yam thiab ballets rau cov theem, orchestral tej hauj lwm. Nrog nws ua hauj lwm muaj ib tug classical kev taw qhia, avant-garde, chorales, waltz, polka, jazz. Nws hais khav koom nyob rau hauv ib tug ua hauj lwm ntau haiv neeg hom kev kawm thiab stylistic qhia. Nws ciali disparate, txawm li cas los, yog tsuas stunning cov neeg tuaj saib, raws li yog cov ntaub ntawv nrog rau cov "Thawj Symphony". Tom qab ntawd ntxiv sib haum xeeb ua ke nyob rau hauv "Requiem" thiab cov Piano Quintet. Rau mature Schnittke, thiab feem ntau ntawm cov tej hauj lwm tau raug sau nyob rau hauv lub xeem 13 xyoo, thaum lub composer muaj mob (yuav tsum tau ib tug mob stroke), tsiag ntawv los ntawm kev siv ntawm baroque motifs, echoes ntawm nrov suab paj nruag, nrog rau cov koom haum ntawm German classical music. Tab sis tag nrho cov no - tsis yog ib qho kawg nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej, raws li tej yam ntuj tso li ua tsis taus pa, kev sib cuag nrog cov suab paj nruag los ntawm ntau eras. Txij li thaum 1977, tom qab ib ncig xyuas teb chaws, nws hais txog Schnittke tag nrho lub ntiaj teb no them tribute rau nws txuj ci.

"Kho nqi lus npe" - "Gogol Suite"

Rau qhov kev kawm ntawm cov Taganka Theatre composer tau muaj ib tug suite nyob rau hauv uas lub protagonist tau ua, NV Gogol. Nws muaj yim qhov chaw. Nws txhais tau tias lub suab paj nruag yog qhia thaum yau Chichikov, ib tug ua yeeb yam artist, uas pom tau tias tsis muaj txuj ci thiab xav rhuav tshem tag nrho nws masterpieces. Lub tsho loj nraud raws li unattainable npau suav, mam li nco dheev puv rau hauv lub beloved, tsis yog ib tug tshaj plaws, tab sis ib tug phooj ywg. Nws thiab nws tsuas yog hero muab nws passionate hlub. Ua hauj lwm - yog ib tug tsis zoo li neeg loj creaking plaub nyob rau hauv pej xeem qhov chaw, nws yog ib tug nyob ntsaum uas nyob tib txoj kev. Lawv tsis txawm sim los ua ib tug txiv neej, vim hais tias lawv tsis paub dab tsi nws yog. Nyob rau hauv lub pob scene, uas puv cov Sabbat, artist pom tag nrho nws cov creepy cim. Thiab sau tag nrho cov tsos ntawm peb zoo nkauj graces. Yog tsis muaj lawv lub neej - cov suab puam. Thiab cov suab paj nruag, ua ib tug txhob, cia li nkaum kiag tus mloog los ntawm hauv ntiajteb no yeej hlub tshua, immersing nyob rau hauv ib tug huv ntiaj teb no. Yog li ntawd nws suab "Gogol Suite".

Hamburg

Nyob rau hauv 1990, Alfred Schnittke, biography uas hloov nyob rau hauv tib lub sij hawm ntawm ntsoog, caw lub teb chaws Yelemees qhia muaj pes tsawg leeg. Nws tsis tau mus txawv teb chaws, nws tseem tiaj tiaj nyob rau hauv Moscow, tab sis rau kev kho mob yog vim li cas nws yuav tsum tau kev kho mob kev kho mob txawv teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los, nws muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog vascular mob, tab sis lub composer yog tseem muaj ib tug ntau ntawm cov chaw ua hauj lwm. Nws yuav tsis sau ntawv nrog nws sab tes xis. Neeg xyuas pib G. Rozhdestvensky, mus xyuas nws, decrypts nws fuzzy nkag. Nyob rau hauv 63 xyoo tus poj composer tuag. Nws yog faus nyob rau hauv lub Novodevichy Tojntxas nyob hauv Moscow.