Yuav ua li cas yog tus tub los ntxhais ntawm ib tus? Raws li nws yog txhais?

Rhode npe - ib pab pawg ntawm cov qauv sau ntawv, uas manifests nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv lub tau ntawm npe ua ke nrog cov kev cov ntaub ntawv khom lus. zoo ntawm qeb yuav qhia semantically (ie, tsis pub dhau lub ntsiab lus ntawm, tsuas animate npe), grammatically thiab syntactically. Semantically, tag nrho cov npe yog txiv neej, poj niam thiab neuter. Lo lus hais tias tsiaj thiab txiv neej yog txiv neej (tij laug, yawg, tub ntxhais kawm ntawv, gus, qaib, nees); nouns, tis npe tsiaj thiab cov pojniam (tus muam, pog, menyuam kawm ntawv, gus, nqaij qaib, nees) - tus poj; tsiaj txhu thiab cov neeg tsis muaj kev xav txog pw ua ke (dab, ib tug dab, ib tug neeg (cov neeg), tus me nyuam) - neuter.

Rhode npe grammatically qhia los ntawm txoj kev kawg nyob rau hauv lub nominative cov ntaub ntawv. Pawg no raws li ib tug peculiar zoo ntawm animate thiab tswg npe inflected. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub 3 lub ntsiab genera cais txawm ntau yog txivneej los pojniam. Txawv nruab nrab ntawm lawv muaj qhia nyob rau hauv lub rooj hauv qab no:

Syntactically txiav txim yog txivneej los pojniam ntawm ib tus muaj peev xwm yuav negotiated rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev hais lus, uas yog nyob rau ntawm tus. Yog li ntawd, communions, adjectives, ordinal xov tooj, raws li txiv neej npe xaus nyob rau hauv -s, sib phim, th (ib tug zoo nkauj vaj, ib tug hu nkauj me nyuam tub, kev sib ntaus los cov tub rog); nrog poj niam npe - nyob rau lub hnub qub, -yaya (zoo nkauj txoj kev, lub caij ntuj sov yog lub sij hawm); nrog neuter npe - mus retracement, yog nws (zoo nkauj ntuj, lub caij ntuj no thaum sawv ntxov). Tsis tas li ntawd, npe genus yog txiav txim siv kaw predicate qhia los ntawm ib tug qhia txog kev ua nyob rau hauv lub yav dhau los tense nyob rau hauv subjunctive los yog indicative mus ob peb vas los yog tej txhais me me los yog luv luv chaw. Txiv neej - predicate muaj ib tug pes tsawg xaus (los nag dhau, lub hom phiaj yog ua los); hais txog poj niam - qhov xaus piv (lub chaw ua hauj lwm tiav lawm, lub hli sawv); neuter - qhov xaus -o (tsab ntawv yog tau txais, lub hnub tau nce).

Muaj indeclinable npe. Feem ntau ntawm lawv yuav mus rau lub neuter yog txivneej los pojniam (tus me nyuam, sib tham thiab tag nrho cov substantivized nesklonyaemy npe xws li "nyob zoo", "cheers", "tau", "tag kis", "tsis xav"). Tsuas yog cov nram qab no:

- hectares (his), kas fes, poppies, raug nplua, suluguni, sirocco, crowns, tornadoes, shimmy, thiab lub npe ntawm hom lus (Bengali, Urdu, Suomi, Pashto, Hindi) - txiv neej;

- Avenue, bere, salami, Kohlrabi - hais txog poj niam.

Rhode indeclinable nouns, xws li qhov chaw npe, cov npe ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm, cov phau ntawv Magazine, yuav tsum tau txiav txim los ntawm qhov xwm ntawm tus noun nrog rau cov nqi ntawm cov generic tswvyim (affluent (lub pas dej) Ontario, Japanese (lub nroog) Tokyo, dav (dej) Mississippi, luam tawm (cov ntawv xov xwm) "Times") . Rhode abbreviations yuav tsum tau txiav txim los ntawm qhov xwm ntawm lub ntsiab lo lus (MSU - txiv neej - Moscow State University, lub tebchaws United Nations - tus poj - lub tebchaws United Nations, lub CIS - neuter - lub tebchaws ntawm Independent States). Teem genus npe uas yog tsis siv nyob rau hauv lub zoo tshaj, tiam sis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub plural, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua, raws li lawv muaj tsis muaj hom ntawm qeb (ris, Tib Rab Diav Rawg, Nplej zom, tim).