Yuav ua li cas yog nationalism?

Qhov zoo philosopher Berdyaev ib zaug hais tias nationalism yuav tau raug txim los ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj Christian li heresy. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, qhov no tsis tshwm sim, tab sis lub inconsistency ntawm no kev tshwm sim yog tseem dominates lub minds ntawm ntau haiv tib neeg: ib co ntseeg hais tias rau nationalism, lub neej yav tom ntej, thiab tsuas yog nyob rau hauv no ideologies muaj peev xwm tsim ib qho haiv neeg, thaum lwm tus neeg ntseeg tias nws tsis yog li ntawd tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, thiab cov precedents nationalism, uas nco zaj dab neeg, nws yog zoo dua rau tsis nco qab, thiab tsis txhob rov qab mus rau lawv.

Yuav ua li cas yog nationalism, nws yog lub npe hu nyob rau hauv nqe lus dav dav rau tag nrho cov: nws yog xws li ib tug nom tswv ideology, nyob rau hauv uas kev tseem ceeb yog muab rau lub teb chaws, kev sib hwm rau sawv, raising lub teb chaws nco qab. Thaum xub thawj siab ib muag, hais tias dawb huv thiab txawm ncaj ncees qhov tseem ceeb, tab sis nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb them sai sai rau lub fact tias lub nationalism ntawm minorities nyob rau hauv lub xeev yuav luag tsis muaj txoj cai, thiab lwm yam neeg nyob rau hauv lub nyob sib ze thiab nyob deb lub teb chaws pom tau hais tias theem nrab. Yog li, nationalism - ib tug heev muaj teeb meem kev tshwm sim, uas yog tau noj txawm ntau radical daim ntawv thiab ua thaum kawg rau lub teb chaws txom nyem ntawm genocide thiab haiv neeg cleansing.

Niaj hnub no, nationalism tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib co xeev uas tsis muab ib yam ntawm cov teb chaws muaj ib tug zoo lub ntiaj teb no "duab": tus Baltic lub xeev, Ukraine thiab Russia - tom ntej no piv txwv, qhov twg nationalism yog cov qhia.

Yuav ua li cas yog nationalism?

Peb sau cov cov yam ntxwv ntawm no tshwm sim, ces los sib piv nws nrog patriotism thiab Nazism.

1. Teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv no ideology, muaj ib tug to taub tias tag nrho cov ntawm cov tib neeg yog muab faib nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam ntuj tso txoj kev rau nws tus kheej-muaj pawg - haiv neeg uas muaj lawv tus kheej cov yam ntxwv.
2. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv no ideology nws tsom rua lub fact tias lub teb chaws yuav tsum koom nyob rau hauv lub nom tswv dab ntawm lub xeev.
3. Muaj yog feem ntau mob teeb meem ntawm ib tug ntau yam lus thiab kab lis kev cai. Niaj hnub no, peb pom nws nyob rau hauv Ukraine thiab Latvia, qhov twg lub Lavxias teb sab-hais lus pej xeem nyob hauv ib txoj kev tsis taus vim lub cev tsis siab ua rau kev siv ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab lus nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov cheeb tsam ntawm kev lub neej (xws li, sau ntaub ntawv, dissertations, etc.). Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv Ukraine nyob rau lub sij hawm ntawd lub hwj chim lug tseem tabtom kom daws tau qhov teeb meem, uas tsis yog lub koom pheej ntawm Latvia.
4. Lub teb chaws yog pom raws li lub siab tshaj plaws muaj nqis.
5. Kev Kawm Ntawv, raws li cov ideology, yuav tsum tau muaj rau tag nrho cov neeg ntawm lub teb chaws.

typology

Yuav kom to taub li cas nationalism, xav txog nws twb muaj lawm hom:

1. Civil. Ntawm no, cov xim kws tsom rua lub tseem cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub teb chaws mus koom nyob rau hauv shaping nom tswv kev txiav txim siab. Lub xeev nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog cov nyiaj ntawm lub teb chaws.
2. Pawg lwm haiv tib. Ntawm no mus koom rau cov kab lis kev cai, lus, kev ntseeg, kev cai thiab keeb kwm raws li ib tug unifying caij ntawm tag nrho cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub teb chaws.
3. Huab nationalism. Qhov no hom ntawm nationalism yog kwv yees li nyob rau hauv feem ntau lub teb chaws, thiab tsis zoo hais txog lub qeb ntawm kev txaus ntshai. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv Russia rau inciting haiv neeg ntxub tau txim txhaum cov ntaub ntawv thiab mus sib hais. Nazism thiab kev siab phem yog raws li nyob rau hauv cov huab nationalism.

Yuav ua li cas yog qhov txawv nationalism thiab patriotism?

Qhov no muaj feem tswv yim, thiaj li muaj tsis muaj muaj zog sib txawv nruab nrab ntawm lawv. Patriotism yog tsis yog li ntawd radical, tab sis nws yog tseem raws li nyob rau hauv ib tug kev hlub ntawm yam lus, haiv neeg thiab kev cai. Yog hais tias nationalism yog tsim nyob rau txoj kev hlub rau lub teb chaws, rau qhov patriotic txoj kev xav yam ntxwv ntawm txoj kev hlub ntawm lub teb chaws, nyob rau hauv uas nyob ib patriot. Txawm li cas los, nws paub qhov tseem ceeb ntawm tag nrho cov kev strata, nrog rau lwm haiv neeg.

Nationalism thiab Nazism: ob tog ntawm lub npib tib

Nazis raws li nationalism los yog kev ntxub ntxaug. Teb chaws los yog haiv neeg li no hais tias qhov zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Nazism yog tus official ideology ntawm lub Peb Reich, qhov twg lub Aryan haiv neeg tau qhuas saum toj no tag nrho cov lwm tus neeg. Nws yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm tsis ua hauj lwm thiab perversion ntawm tswvyim ntawm nationalism, uas nws tshwm sim (Nazism) no tsuas tau nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv ntsoog.

Yuav ua li cas yog nationalism nyob rau hauv lub qhov muag ntawm cosmopolitans?

Cosmopolitans tsis txais tos nationalism, vim hais tias lawv views yog kiag li opposite. Cosmopolitans xav hais tias cov neeg yuav tsum txhawj txog universal lus nug, thiab hais tias cov kev xaiv ntawm ib tug lub teb chaws ntawm lwm tus neeg yog tsis tsim nyog. Lawv ntseeg tias nationalism muaj chauvinistic tej zaum thiab yog li ntawd tsis zoo rau haiv neeg vim hais tias ntawm qhov uas yuav los hloov tau nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv ib tug tshaj dhau daim ntawv no.