Yuav ua li cas yog mitosis thiab zoo li cas yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv prophase ntawm mitosis?

Yuav ua li cas yog mitosis thiab meiosis thiab uas theem lawv muaj? Qhov no cell division, uas muaj tej yam sib txawv. Thaum meiosis plaub subsidiary tsim los ntawm cov niam txiv nucleus nyob rau hauv uas lub txo tus naj npawb ntawm chromosomes (ob zaug). Thaum mitosis, kuj tshwm sim cell division, tab sis qhov no hom yog tsim tsuas yog ob tug ntxhais hlwb nrog tib chromosomes li cov niam txiv.

Yog li ntawd yog dab tsi mitosis thiab meiosis? Qhov no division lom cov txheej txheem, thaum lub sij hawm uas lub hlwb yog tsim nrog tej yam chromosomes. Tu tub tu kiv los ntawm mitosis tshwm sim nyob rau hauv multicellular kab mob, txoj nyob kab mob.

theem

Mitosis yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv ob ua sawv:

1. Doubling cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic theem. Ntawm no niam hlwb partitioned ntawm ib tug kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic ntaub ntawv. Rau ntawm no theem, cov chromosomes yog hloov.
2. Mitotic theem. Nws muaj sij hawm.

Cell tsim tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ob peb ua sawv.

theem

Mitosis yog muab faib ua ob peb theem:

• telophase;
• anaphase;
• metaphase;
• prophase.

Cov theem tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam ib theem zuj zus thiab muaj lawv tus kheej cov yam ntxwv.

Nyob rau hauv txhua txoj multi-cellular mitosis feem ntau yuav cell division ntawm lub undifferentiated hom. Thaum mitosis niam txiv cell faib rau tus me nyuam, feem ntau yog ob ntawm lawv. Ib tug ntawm lawv ua ib tug kav thiab tseem division, thiab lub thib ob nres Paub Faib.

interphase

Interphase - ib tug cell npaj rau kev sib cais. Feem ntau, cov kauj ruam no hais mus rau nees nkaum teev. Thaum lub sij hawm no, nws ntws ib tug ntau ntawm txawv dab, thaum lub sij hawm uas lub hlwb yog npaj rau mitosis.

Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no muaj ib tug faib ntawm cov nqaijrog, organelles nqi nce nyob rau hauv DNA qauv. By kawg ntawm lub division ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic molecules yog ob npaug, thiab tus naj npawb ntawm chromosomes yog tsis tau hloov. Zoo tib yam DNA yog spliced thiab ob chromatids nyob rau hauv ib tug qauv. Tsim chromatids yog zoo tib yam thiab yog ib tug muam.

Tom qab kawm tiav ntawm lub interphase ntawm mitosis pib ua tau. Nws muaj prophase, metaphase, anaphase thiab telophase.

prophase

Cov thawj theem ntawm mitosis - prophase nws. Nws yuav kav li ntawm ib teev. Nws yog conventionally faib ua ob peb theem. Thaum thawj zaug rau theem nyob rau hauv prophase ntawm mitosis nucleolus yog nce, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm uas tus molecules raug tsim. By kawg ntawm lub theem, txhua chromosome yog muaj li ntawm ob chromatids twb. Nucleoli thiab nuclear membrane yog yaj, tag nrho cov ntsiab yog nyob rau hauv ib lub tawb nyob rau hauv ib tug ib niag pawg. Ntxiv mus, nyob rau hauv lub prophase ntawm mitosis yog tsim achromatin division feem yarns kis tau los ntawm tag nrho cov cell, thiab ib txhia yog kev cob cog rua rau lub hauv paus ntsiab. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem no, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic code tseem unchanged.

Cov nab npawb ntawm cov chromosomes nyob rau hauv lub prophase ntawm mitosis tsis hloov. Yuav ua li cas tshwm sim ntxiv? Nyob rau hauv lub prophase ntawm mitosis tshwm sim disintegration ntawm lub nuclear lub hnab ntawv, uas ua nyob rau hauv muab kauv chromosomes tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub cytoplasm. Hais ntawm nuclear lub hnab ntawv disintegrated tsim me me membrane hlwv.

Nyob rau hauv lub prophase ntawm mitosis, cov nram qab no tshwm sim: tus tsiaj cell yuav round, tab sis nws tsis hloov qhov zoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag.

metaphase

Tom qab prophase metaphase pib. Nyob rau hauv no theem, cov chromosomes helix nce mus txog nws cov ncov. Zog chromosomes pib tsiv mus nyob rau qhov chaw ntawm lub cell. Thaum lub sij hawm cov kev khiav tawm, lawv yog muab tso rau Attendance on ob sab. Muaj yog tsim metaphase phaj. Thaum xaiv cov hlwb yog kom meej meej pom chromosome. Nws yog nyob rau hauv metaphase lawv yog ib qho yooj yim los mus laij.

Tom qab tsim ntawm metaphase chromosomes teem ntawm analyses, txog rau lub hom ntawm tes. Qhov no tshwm sim los thaiv cov hlab lub chromosomes siv alkaloids.

Txhua kab mob nws muaj nws tus kheej txheej chromosomes. Piv txwv li, lawv 20 pob kws thiab txiv pos nphuab nyob rau hauv lub vaj - 56. Nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev chromosomes tsawg tshaj li tus berries, tag nrho cov 46.

anaphase

Tag nrho cov dab nyob rau hauv lub prophase ntawm mitosis xaus thiab pib anaphase. Thaum lub sij hawm tus txheej txheem no, tag nrho cov kev sib txuas lawm chromosome thiab pib tsiv mus nyob rau opposite sab ntawm txhua lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam kev anaphase chromosomes ua ywj siab. Lawv tau mus rau hauv ib tug ntau yam ntawm lub hlwb.

Theem diverging xaus rau lub tug chromatids hlwb. Tsis tas li ntawd ntawm no yog lub tsev ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic ntaub ntawv ntawm cov subsidiaries thiab cov niam txiv ntawm tes.

telophase

Chromosomes yog nyob rau ntawm tug. Nyob rau hauv lub tshuab kuaj kab, lawv ua nyuaj rau pom vim hais tias cov tub ntxhais plhaub yog tsim nyob ib ncig ntawm lawv. Ntxaiv yog tag pov tseg.

Nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag, ib tug membrane yog tsim nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub cell, thiab kis maj mam mus rau tug. Nws yog leej niam ntawm tes faib ua ob qhov chaw. Thaum cov daim nyias nyias yog tag nrho zus, muaj ib tug cellulose phab ntsa.

nta mitosis

Cell division tau Tus brakes vim kub muaj peevxwm, raug toxins, tawg. Thaum lub sij hawm txoj kev tshawb no ntawm mitotic hlwb nyob rau hauv ntau yam multicellular kab mob muaj peev xwm yuav siv tau cov tshuaj lom tuag uas inhibit mitosis nyob rau metaphase theem. Qhov no pub rau ib tug tshawb kom ntxaws txog cov chromosomes, nqa kariotopirovanie.

Mitosis nyob rau hauv rooj

Peb xav txog rau theem ntawm cell division nyob rau hauv lub rooj hauv qab no.

Tus txheej txheem ntawm mitosis cov kauj ruam tseem yuav pom nyob rau hauv lub rooj.

Mitosis nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj txhu thiab nroj tsuag

Nta ntawm tus txheej txheem no yuav tau piav nyob rau hauv ib tug sib piv lub rooj.

Yog li ntawd, peb pom tias tus txheej txheem ntawm cell division nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj muaj tus kab mob thiab cov nroj tsuag, raws li zoo raws li lawv tus yam ntxwv thiab sib txawv.