Yuav ua li cas yog lub genotype? Tus nqi ntawm cov genotype nyob rau hauv lub scientific thiab kev kawm spheres

Noob caj noob ces tau pheej ntaus peb nrog lawv ua tau nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no ntawm tus tib neeg genome thiab lwm yam uas muaj sia nyob. Ib qho yooj yim tuav thiab suav no tsis tsis muaj ntau lub tswv yim thiab cov cim, uas yog tsis deprived thiab no science.

Yuav ua li cas yog lub genotype?

Lub sij hawm to taub teem ntawm noob ntawm ib tug kab mob, uas yog cia nyob rau hauv lub chromosomes ntawm txhua tus ntawm nws cov hlwb. Lub tswvyim ntawm genotype yuav tsum tau txawv los ntawm lub genome, t. Yuav kom. Ob lo lus nqa txawv lexical lub ntsiab lus. Yog li, lub genome yog kiag li tag nrho cov noob ntawm no tsiaj (tib neeg genome, lub genome liab, luav noob).

Yuav ua li cas yog lub genotype ntawm ib tug neeg?

Yuav ua li cas yog lub genotype hauv ib? Chiv assumed tias lub teeb ntawm noob txawv txhua txhua cell. Qhov no lub tswv yim twb refuted vim zaum uncovered mechanism ntawm tsim ntawm lub zygote ntawm ob gametes: txiv neej thiab poj niam. Raws li cov kev nyob kab mob los ntawm lub zygote tsim los ntawm heev heev kev sib cais, nws yog ib qho yooj yim mus twv hais tias tag nrho cov tom ntej hlwb yuav muaj raws nraim tib yam txheej ntawm cov noob.

Txawm li cas los, nws yuav tsum tau distinguished los ntawm hais tias ntawm lub genotype ntawm cov niam txiv ntawm tus me nyuam. Lub embryo nyob rau hauv lub plab muaj ib tug ib nrab txheej ntawm cov noob los ntawm nws niam thiab los ntawm cov txiv, li ntawd, cov me nyuam tab sis yog zoo sib xws rau lawv niam lawv txiv, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm lawv tsis yog 100% cov ntawv luam.

Yuav ua li cas yog lub genotype thiab phenotype? Yuav ua li cas lawv txawv?

Phenotype - ib tug sau ntawm tag nrho cov sab nraud thiab sab hauv nta hauv lub cev. Piv txwv yog cov plaub hau xim, muaj cov quav hnav, qhov siab, ntshav, qe ntshav liab, los yog cov uas tsis muaj enzyme synthesis.

Txawm li cas los, lub phenotype yog tsis ib yam dab tsi tseeb thiab qhov. Yog hais tias koj saib cov luav, cov xim ntawm lawv cov plaub txawv nyob ntawm seb lub caij: nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov lawv yog grey thiab lub caij ntuj no dawb.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab txog hais tias ib tug set ntawm cov noob yog yeej ib txwm tsis tu ncua, thiab cov phenotype tej zaum yuav txawv. Yog hais tias peb coj mus rau hauv tus account lub livelihoods ntawm txhua txhua ib ntawm tes rau hauv lub cev, lawv txhua tus yog raws nraim tib yam genotype. Txawm li cas los, insulin yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub tib yam, nyob rau hauv lwm yam keratin, nyob rau hauv lub thib peb actin. Txhua txhia tus yog tsis zoo sib xws rau txhua tus lwm yam nyob rau hauv zoo thiab loj, kev khiav dej num. Qhov no yog hu ua tus phenotypic manifestation. Hais tias yog dab tsi genotypes thiab dab tsi tshwm rau txawv los ntawm cov phenotype.

Qhov no tshwm sim yog piav los ntawm lub fact tias cov ntau yam ntawm tus kab hlwb ib co noob muaj nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm, thaum lwm tus neeg yog nyob rau hauv ib tug "pw tsaug zog hom." Tsis ntev los no los yog lub neej nyob twj ywm tsaug zog, los yog re-siv los ntawm lub cell nyob rau hauv stressful lub sijhawm.

Piv txwv cov ntaubntawv povthawj siv genotypes

Nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, kev kawm txog cov kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic ntaub ntawv yog nqa tawm siv lub zwj ceeb encryption ntawm noob. Piv txwv li, lub xim av lub qhov muag noob yog sau ntawv nrog ib tug capital "A", thiab cov kev qhia ntawm xiav qhov muag - ib tug me me daim ntawv "ib tug". Yog li ntawd qhia tau tias ib tug kos npe rau ntawm ib tug tseem ceeb xim av-eyed thiab xiav - ib tug lub caij txom nyem.

Yog li ntawd, nyob rau lub hauv paus ntawm cov neeg yuav ua tau:

• hom homozygotes (AA, Brown-eyed);
• heterozygotes (AA, xim av-eyed);
• recessive homozygotes (aa, xiav ob lub qhov muag).

Raws li txoj ntsiab cai no txoj kev tshawb no kev sib tshuam ntawm noob lawv tus kheej, uas feem ntau siv ob peb khub ntawm noob. Qhov no seb puas tsimnyog tau rau lo lus nug: dab tsi yog qhov genotype 3 (4/5/6, etc ...)?

Qhov no kab lus txhais tau tias yog npaum li cas ib zaug peb noob officers. Cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau, rau cov piv txwv, raws li nram no: AaVVSs. Muaj tshiab noob uas yog lub luag hauj lwm rau cov sib txawv heev yam ntxwv (xws li, ncaj cov plaub hau thiab curly plaub hau, lub xub ntiag ntawm protein los yog tsis muaj thereof).

Yog vim li cas yog ib tug raug nkag genotype zwj ceeb?

Tej noob, sab los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb, yog ib txog kev lub npe. Feem ntau cov feem ntau nws yog cov lus Askiv cov nqe lus los yog nqe lus hais tias yuav ncav cuag loj nyob rau hauv ntev. Spelling ntawm cov npe tsis yooj yim rau cov neeg sawv cev ntawm txawv teb chaws science, li ntawd, zaum tau ua tswvcuab ntau tshaj ib tug yooj yim cov ntaubntawv povthawj siv ntawm noob.

Txawm tias ib tug high school cov menyuam kawm ntawv tej zaum kuj paub tias dab tsi lub genotype 3a. Xws li ib tug nkag teb chaws ntawd hais tias cov noob lub luag hauj lwm rau lub 3 alleles ntawm tib noob. Thaum uas siv cov no lub npe Noob to taub ntawm caj ntsiab cai yuav tsis yooj yim.

Thaum nws los txog rau lub chaw soj nstuam qhov twg kev tshawb no loj ntawm lub karyotype thiab DNA kev tshawb fawb, muaj resorted mus rau cov hauj lwm cov npe ntawm cov noob. Qhov no yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj tseeb rau cov neeg zaum uas luam tawm lawv tshawb pom.

Qhov uas siv tau genotypes

Lwm zoo feature ntawm kev siv ntawm tej yam yooj yim cim - no versatility. Txhiab tus noob muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb lub npe, tab sis txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj peev xwm yuav sawv cev los ntawm tsuas yog ib tsab ntawv ntawm tus niam ntawv. Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, nyob rau hauv kev daws kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic teeb meem ntawm qhov sib txawv nta cov tsiaj ntawv yog pheej rov qab ua dua thiab dua, txhua lub sij hawm decrypted nqi. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv ib qho teeb meem ntawm noob B - dub yog cov xim ntawm cov plaub hau, thiab lwm yam - yog muaj cov moles.

Cov lus nug "dab tsi yog qhov genotypes ntawm" nce tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawv rau biology. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb Cim ua qhov muag plooj hais thiab terminology nyob rau hauv science. Roughly hais lus, kev siv ntawm genotypes - ib tug zauv qauv. Nyob rau hauv lub neej tiag tiag nce nyuaj, txawm lub fact tias cov general hauv paus ntsiab lus tseem muaj kev tswj kom hloov mus rau daim ntawv.

By thiab loj, lub genotypes nyob rau hauv daim ntawv nyob rau hauv uas peb paub lawv, yog siv nyob rau hauv qhov kev pab cuam ntawm tsev kawm ntawv thiab kawm ntawv qib siab nyob rau hauv kev daws teeb meem. Qhov no simplifies qhov kev nkag siab ntawm lub npe "dab tsi genotypes" thiab npaj cov menyuam kawm ntawv muaj peev xwm los soj ntsuam. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, cov kev txawj uas siv xws cov ntaub ntawv no kuj pab tau, tab sis qhov tiag tiag cov ntsiab lus thiab cov npe ntawm cov noob yog ntau tsim nyog rau cov kev tshawb fawb.

Tam sim no, noob kawm nyob rau hauv ntau yam lom laboratories. Encryption thiab kev siv cov genotypes yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev kho mob pej, thaum ib tug los yog ntau tus nta yuav tsum havzoov nyob rau hauv ib tug xov tooj ntawm ntau tiam. Thaum cov qhov tso zis ntawm cov kws txawj yuav twv seb phenotypic manifestation nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam uas muaj tej yam tshwm sim (piv txwv li, cov tsos ntawm 25% ntawm daj los yog 5% ntawm cov me nyuam yug los nrog polydactyly).