Yuav ua li cas yog cov sib txawv ntawm cov hlau. Piav txog tej cim uas

Steel - lub feem ntau heev heev cov pab pawg neeg ntawm cov hlau siv, thiab labeling nyob rau hauv lub cais ntawm cov pab pawg neeg.

Yuav ua li cas yog cov sib txawv ntawm cov hlau

Piav cim pib nrog qhov kev txiav txim ntawm nws cov thawj pab pawg neeg mus rau lub lo lus uas peb. Paub qhov txawv cov pawg steels: ntxwv, kev tsim kho, cuab tam, nrog tshwj xeeb (thaum tshav kub kub-resistant, Thaum tshav kub kub-resistant thiab high-zog).

Ntawm cov yam ntxwv steel manufactured tshuab qhov chaw, kuav los tiag, welded siv. Tool, raws li lub npe implies, yog siv rau zus tau tej cov machining cuab tam. Ib tug tshwj xeeb zoo ntawm lub cuab tam steels - high-ceev, lawv yog npaj rau kev nyob ntau dua loads. Siv cov kev faib steel siv mas rau welded lug, muaj tsawg (0.25%) carbon cov ntsiab lus. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm muaj pes tsawg leeg zoo ib yam li siv.

yam ntxwv steel

Nyob rau hauv nws muaj pes tsawg leeg, lawv muab faib ua hlau thiab cov pa roj carbon, uas yog, nrog tshwj xeeb additives thiab yog tsis muaj lawv. Cov hlau steel yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog 45% hlau. Ib qho tseem ceeb feature yog lub xub ntiag ntawm extraneous tsis-metallic impurities nyob rau hauv lub resultant hlau - leej faj, phosphorus thiab lwm tus neeg. Tshaj lawv tsawg muaj, lub zoo dua qhov suav hais tias hlau. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho muaj yog 4 zoo pab pawg:

Qhov kawg ntawm los tej zaum yuav lo hom hlau deoxidation (deacidification - tshem tawm ntawm cov pa los ntawm cov hlau muaj pes tsawg leeg): boiling (KP), semi-tua (PS), nyob ntsiag to (SP). "SP" Qhov Performance index yog feem ntau tsis qhia.

Nyob rau hauv dav dav, lub seev suab steels teej tug mus rau pawg doped, yuav muaj tuaj raws li nram no:

- [carbon ntsiab lus] [alloying ntsiab] [deoxidation txoj kev] [cov lus qhia ntxiv], nyob rau cov pa roj carbon cov ntsiab lus yog sau nyob rau hauv hundredths ntawm ib tug feem pua.

Alloying ntsiab yog qhia raws li ib tug ua ke ntawm lettering thiab tus nqi nyob rau hauv feem pua. Yog hais tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub caij nyob rau hauv lub hlau yog tsawg tshaj li ib feem pua, tus nqi yog tsis teev. Tam sim no inclusions nram qab no cim yog siv: .. N - npib tsib xee, X - chrome, C - silica, titanium - T, manganese - T, U - txhuas, thiab lwm yam Piv txwv li, steel 09G2S yog muaj li ntawm 0,09% pa roj carbon, 2% ntawm manganese thiab silicon nyob rau hauv ib tug npaum li ntawm txog 1%. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, muaj ib co ntxiv cim steels, deciphering lawv raws li nram no:

1. Tus "W" nyob rau hauv lub pib - steel kabmob.

2. "L" nyob rau hauv kawg - lub steel foundry.

3. "A" thaum pib - steel Automaton.

4. Tus "E" nyob rau hauv lub pib - hluav taws xob hlau.

Nyias cais tsev hom steels. Decryption yog raws li nram no: thaum pib, tsab ntawv "C" ua raws li los ntawm cov tawm los kev nyuaj siab. Tsab ntawv "K" txhais tau tias ib tug version ntawm cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, "T" - thermal hardening.

Npav steels khoom tshwj xeeb zoo xws li cov labeling ntxwv hlau.

lub cuab tam steels

Ua ntej los, tsab ntawv "Y", ua raws li los ntawm cov pa roj carbon feem (qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tus nqi ntawm cov pa roj carbon yuav tsum tsis tsawg tshaj li 0.7%). Tool steels raws li yam ntxwv thiab muab faib mus rau hauv cov pa roj carbon thiab hlau, tab sis tsuas muaj ob pab neeg ntawm zoo - zoo thiab siab zoo. Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob cov ntaub ntawv, nyob rau hauv lub npe, tsab ntawv "A" qhov kawg ntawm los. Cov tsab ntawv "D" qhia ib tug siab cov ntsiab lus ntawm manganese. Deciphering steels txog HSS cuab tam, yog sib txawv dog dig. Nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw muaj ib tug los ntawm tag nrho cov pab pawg neeg - tsab ntawv "P" (los ntawm cov lus Askiv lub sij hawm "sai" - ceev), ces tus xov tooj qhia lub ntsiab alloying tivthaiv - tungsten (nws tsab ntawv los yog rho).

Ceeb toom cub tawg steelmaking

Rau siab zoo alloys nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm hauj lwm cov qauv ntawm cov ua steels, seev suab raug txoj kev uas hais hauv qab no. Cov lis dej num uas muab tso rau qhov kawg ntawm los: VD - lub tshuab nqus tsev arc; W - electroslag; EL - electron nqaj; VI - lub tshuab nqus tsev induction.