Yuav ua li cas kom tau acetylene los ntawm methane

Yuav kom tau acetylene los ntawm methane, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau ua kom muaj lub cev tsis haum cev. Ua ntej txoj kev txiav txim siab xav txog nws, peb yuav soj ntsuam qee yam ntawm cov roj carbon monoxide.

Yam ntxwv ntawm acetylene

Qhov yeeb tshuaj no, uas yog thawj tus sawv cev ntawm cov chav kawm ntawm cov roj carbon monoxide unsaturated (alkynes). Nws yog sib dua pa, nws tsis zoo nyob hauv dej. Molecular mis C ₂ H _2, ntau mus rau tag nrho cov chav kawm ntawv SPN ₂ n-2. Acetylene yog ib qho tshuaj lom neeg, thiab tseem raug tawg ntau heev. Yuav kom tsis txhob muaj xwm txheej ceev, nws muab cia hauv cov hlau tso sib khi, ntxiv roj rau nws.

Npaj los ntawm alkanes

Lub lwj siab ntawm methane ua acetylene. Cov tshuaj tua kab mob no yog siv los ntawm kev siv tus kabmob (catalyst), tshwm sim ntawm kev kub kom siab. Thawj cov khoom yog thawj tus sawv cev ntawm cov hoob kawm ntawm paraffins. Nyob rau lub dehydrogenation, ntxiv rau acetylene, yog ua rau hydrogen.

Teb cov lus nug txog kev yuav ua li cas thiaj tau acetylene los ntawm methane, peb tuaj yeem sawv cev rau cov kab zauv tshwm sim hauv daim ntawv:

2CH4 = C2H2 + 3H2

Txoj kev siv carbide

Ib tug yuav tau txais los ntawm methane los yog acetylene li cov pib cov ntaub ntawv uas yuav coj cov calcium uas carbide. Tus txheej txheem pib ua raws li cov neeg mob. Nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo ntawm calcium carbide nrog dej, tsis tsuas yog acetylene yog tsim, tab sis kuj calcium hydroxide (hydrated txiv qaub). Cov cim ntawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg yuav yog cov pa roj evolution (khes), nrog rau kev hloov xim ntawm cov kua thaum phenolphthalein ntxiv rau xim liab.

Thaum twg ib qho kev xyuam xim muaj ntau yam khoom tsis zoo siv los ua cov khoom pib, tus ntxhiab tsw yog pom thaum lub sijhawm tshuaj tiv thaiv. Nws yog piav qhia los ntawm kev muaj nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj poisonous gaseous, raws li phosphine, hydrogen sulphide.

Cracking ntawm cov roj av khoom

Tam sim no nws tseem tsis tau tsuas yog tau acetylene los ntawm methane. Lub hauv paus loj tshaj plaws rau kev zus ntawm tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov neeg siv dag zog yog sib xyaws (cais) ntawm cov roj carbon monoxide. Yog tias koj tau acetylene los ntawm methane, ces cov nqi zog yuav tsawg. Ntxiv rau cov khoom lag luam pheej yig thiab pheej yig, qhov kev siv tshuab no cuam tshuam cov khoom siv roj ntawm cov khoom siv raw cov ntaub ntawv nrog kev yooj yim ntawm cov cuab yeej siv siv hauv cov txheej txheem methane dehydrogenation.

Muaj ob txoj kev rau kev ua cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg zoo sib xws. Thawj txoj kev yog raws li kev sib kis ntawm methane los ntawm electrodes rhuab mus rau 1600 degrees Celsius. Lub tshuab ua ke xav tias ib tug ntse txias ntawm cov khoom tau. Ob txhais Embodiment dehydrogenation ntawm methane rau tsim acetylene yuav siv zog, uas yog ua los ntawm ib nrab combustion ntawm lub alkyne.

Cov thooj voos uas muaj acetylene tsis tuaj yeem ua nruab yeeb nrog cov rooj vag tooj, vim muaj tooj liab muaj tooj hlau. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov hlau no nrog acetylene yog nrog los ntawm kev tsim muaj ntsev heev.

Xaus

Acetylene yog tam sim no siv nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw raug. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb raw khoom rau lub synthesis ntawm ethanol, plastics, rubbers, acetic acid. Tus neeg sawv cev ntawm hoob kawm ntawm alkynes yog xav tau thaum txiav thiab vuam hlau, raws li ib lub teeb ci ntsa iab ntawm tus neeg luminaires.

Rau lub hauv paus ntawm acetylene synthesis ntawm explosives, siv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm detonators. Ib qho nplaim hluav taws tau pom hauv oxidation ntawm cov kab no hauv cov pa oxygen. Methane yog tsis muaj nqis hauv kev lag luam chemical. Ntxiv nrog rau siv nws yog ib qho pib khoom rau qhuav ntawm acetylene, nws yog consumed nyob rau hauv loj qhov ntau raws li ib tug hydrocarbon ntuj nyob rau hauv kev lag luam roj. Thaum nws kub hnyiab tawm, ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov cua sov tso tawm.