Yuav luag ob feem peb ntawm cov mob cancer ntau yog tshwm sim los ntawm random "uas tsis" nyob rau hauv DNA

Cancer txhais los ntawm uas tsis nyob rau hauv lub DNA, thiab ib tug tshiab txoj kev tshawv no tau pom tias nyob rau hauv feem ntau qhov tshwm sim ntawm cancer, tej kev yuam kev yog kiag li random. Lawv tsis tshwm sim los ntawm caj predisposition los yog ib puag ncig yam tseem ceeb, thiab lub txiaj ntsim ntawm random failures.

Txoj kev tshawb no hais tias yuam kev los yog change pab mus rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm oncological hlav, vim hais tias txawm tias ib tug me me kab DNA tej zaum yuav ua rau lub fact tias lub hlwb yuav muab uncontrollably.

Zaum ntseeg hais tias cov hloov mus Yog provoked tsuas yog los ntawm ob yam: yog ib tug hloov tau ib tug kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic hauv paus, los yog nws yog tshwm sim los ntawm lwm yam tseem ceeb, uas yuav pab tau kev puas tsuaj DNA, xws li pa luam yeeb los yog ultraviolet hluav taws xob.

Tab sis lub thib peb yog vim li cas cov lus dag nyob rau hauv lub random kev ua yuam kev. Tus tshiab scientific tsab ntawv ceeb toom luam tawm nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv journal Science, cav hais tias qhov no zoo tshaj yeej yog ob feem peb ntawm cov change. Thaum ib tug cell faib, nws cov ntawv luam nws DNA. Yog li ntawd hais tias txhua txhua tshiab cell yuav muaj nws tus kheej version ntawm cov kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic khoom. Tab sis txhua txhua lub sij hawm muaj ib daim qauv, nws ua tau rau hauv lub tom ntej kev ua yuam kev. Nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, cov uas tsis muaj peev xwm ua rau mob cancer.

kev tshawb fawb zaum

"Cov kev tshawb fawb pom tau hais tias cancer yuav tsim nyob rau hauv lub cev, tsis hais txog cov teebmeem ntawm cov ib puag ncig", - hais tias senior tshawb Dr. Bert Vogelstein, ib tug pathologist Center complex kev kho mob Sidney Kimmel Cancer ntawm Dzhona Hopkinsa University.

Tshiab kev tshawb fawb zaum tsom xam dab tsi feem pua ntawm cov mob cancer mob yog tshwm sim los raws roj ntsha yam, cov ib puag ncig thiab random kom raug. Zaum tau tsim ib tug lej qauv uas muaj xws li cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm lub sau ntawm cov neeg mob cancer nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, raws li zoo raws li kev ntsuas ntawm DNA sequencing.

random kev ua yuam kev

Txoj kev tshawb no qhia tias txog 66% ntawm cov mob qog nqaij hlav tau tshwm sim los ntawm random uas tsis 29% ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav tau txhais los ntawm ib puag ncig yam tseem ceeb los yog tsis ncaj ncees lawm txoj kev ntawm lub neej. Thiab tsuas 5% ntawm cov neeg mob qog nqaij hlav yog cov txhais heritable change.

Cov soj ntsuam ntawm nco ntsoov hais tias qhov no soj ntsuam mas nws txawv me ntsis los ntawm cov neeg ntawm lwm zaum uas kawm cancer. Piv txwv li, UK kev tshawb fawb neeg ua hauj lwm hais tias 42% ntawm cov mob cancer yuav tau tiv thaiv los ntawm kev hloov lub txoj kev ua neej ntawm cov neeg mob.

Nyob rau hauv lub scientific ntawv cav hais tias ib co ntaub ntawv ntawm cov mob cancer, piv txwv li, xws li lub hlwb hlav thiab prostate yuav luag nkaus piav los ntawm random kom raug. Zaum tau nrhiav tau hais tias random uas tsis tshwm sim los ntau tshaj 95% ntawm cov neeg uas tau raug xam nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb.

Graphic txoj kev tshawb no duab

Nyob rau ib lub ntawm cov graphics soj ntsuam siv xim liab yuav qhia tau qhov feem pua ntawm ua cancer txhab nyob rau hauv cov poj niam. Cov kab mob ntaus nqi mus rau pub change tau nyob rau sab laug sab. Cov uas tau koom rau cov random uas tsis - nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, thiab ib puag ncig yam tseem ceeb - nyob rau sab xis.

Rau txhua xim sawv cev hloov khoom nruab nrog feem pua uas koom mus rau ib tug kev zoo tshaj, los ntawm dawb (0%) rau liab (100%).

Cancers tau qhia raws li:

• B - lub paj hlwb.
• Bl - zais zis.
• Br - hauv siab.
• C - lub tsev me nyuam.
• CR - colorectal.
• E - txoj hlab nqos mov.
• HN - lub taub hau thiab lub caj dab.
• K - cos.
• Lee - lub siab.
• Lk - leukemia.
• Lou - lub teeb.
• M - melanoma.
• NHL - uas tsis yog-Hodgkin lymphomas.
• O - ntawm zes qe menyuam.
• P - txiav.
• S - plab.
• Th - cov thyroid caj pas.
• U - lub tsev me nyuam.

Cawv ntawm lwm yam

Raws li kev soj ntsuam ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm zaum, rau ib co qog nqaij hlav tej yam ua si ib tug loj luag hauj lwm. Piv txwv li, tus tsis zoo feem ntawm qhov chaw, feem ntau haus luam yeeb tshwm sim los 65% ntawm tag nrho cov mob ntsws cancer mob. Cov soj ntsuam ntawm pom tias tsuas yog 35% ntawm cov mob ntsws cancer ntau yog tshwm sim los ntawm random kom raug.

"Qhov tsuas hloov nyob rau hauv lub cell yog tsis zoo li mus ua rau mob cancer," - said Vogelstein, hais lus nrog cov scientific daim ntawv qhia npaj los ntawm John Hopkins. "Tiam sis, qhov ntau muaj ib tug hloov, qhov ntau dua qhov yuav hais tias cov cell yuav ua phem," - said lub kws.

Lub ua ke ntawm DNA kom raug thiab lwm yam

"Yog li ntawd, change los ntawm random uas tsis txaus ua rau mob cancer, uas muaj nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv tej zaum", - hais tias Vogelstein. Tab sis, raws li cov kws tshawb fawb, nyob rau hauv lwm tus neeg mob, ib tug ua ke ntawm random uas tsis raws li uas tsis tshwm sim los ntawm ib puag ncig yam tseem ceeb, thaum kawg ua rau lub xovtooj ntawm cancer. Piv txwv li, daim tawv nqaij hlwb muaj ib lub hauv paus hloov vim random kom raug thiab raug ultraviolet lub teeb. "Tej yam xws yam yuav ntxiv ntau heev tshaj dua change uas ua rau mob cancer," - hais tias Vogelstein.

Peb yog vim li cas change nyob rau cellular theem

Christian Tomasetti, Associate xib fwb ntawm Biostatistics ntawm Johns Hopkins, hais peb ua change rau cov piv txwv ntawm tshwm sim ntawm misprints, ces yuav tsum thaum uas siv cov keyboard. Ib txhia ntawm cov errata tej zaum yuav tshwm sim ntawm qaug zog los yog distraction typists. Lawv muaj peev xwm yuav tau ua tej yam. "Thiab yog hais tias nyob rau hauv lub keyboard uas siv ib tug tus ntaus ntawv, muaj yog tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb, qhov no raws roj ntsha tau" - Tomasitti hais tias nyob rau hauv nws tsab ntawv ceeb toom.

"Tab sis txawm nyob rau hauv ib qho zoo tagnrho ib puag ncig, qhov twg lub tus ntaus ntawv yog zoo so thiab tau siv cov keyboard ua haujlwm fine, typos yuav tseem yuav" - nws hais tias. Thiab nws yog ib lub random kev ua yuam kev.

Li cas rau cov kev tshawb fawb rau cov kev tiv thaiv ntawm

Muaj tej cov tswv yim tiv thaiv mob cancer tshwm sim los ntawm ib puag ncig yam tseem ceeb los yog caj yam. Yuav kom pab txo txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm ntsws cancer, tus haus luam yeeb muaj peev xwm txiav luam yeeb, thiab ib tug poj niam uas twb mob mob cancer mis, tej zaum yuav chaw uasi mus rau prophylactic mastectomy.

Raws li cov kev soj ntsuam, cov thawj kev tiv thaiv cov tswv yim pom tau hais tias qhov zoo tshaj plaws txoj kev uas yuav txo tau lub neej los ntawm cancer. Tus sau phau ntawv nco ntsoov hais tias qhov no yog tsis tau nyob rau lub thawj kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov kab mob cancer tshwm sim los ntawm random change, tab sis tseem theem nrab kev tiv thaiv muaj peev xwm pab cawm tus neeg mob lub neej.

Raws li ib txoj kev kawm, theem nrab kev tiv thaiv hais txog cov thaum ntxov ntawm cancer. "Peb yuav tsum tau mus tsom rau thaum ntxov, vim hais tias cov txheej txheem yog tsis yog ib tug hloov uas yuav tsum tau zam," - nws hais tias nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia Tomasitti.