Washington sablaj thiab lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws seev saws nws

Thawj lub ntiaj teb no hais txog ib tug loj lub tshuab rau dozens ntawm lub teb chaws - lub losses twb siab heev, lub rov qab los ntawm cov pejxeem tau qeeb, nruab nrab ntawm nag hmo cov yeeb ncuab khaws cia ib tug strained kev sib raug zoo. Tshwj xeeb yog ntse twb contradictions ntawm cov saum toj kawg nkaus plaub lub teb chaws - Fabkis, lub teb chaws As Mes Lis Kas, Teb chaws Aas Kiv thiab Nyiv. Yog vim li cas rau cov discrepancies yog ib tug seem ntawm lub hiav txwv Pacific thiab Navy rog.

Relations ntawm lub teb chaws tau escalated ntau thiab ntau, tag nrho cov meej meej xav tias ib tug ob peb xyoos - thiab ib tug tshiab tsov ua rog yuav tsum inevitable. Ces nws twb txiav txim siab los pib ib lub rooj sib tham nyob rau hauv uas tag nrho cov contradictions yuav tau los sib tham thiab cov tawm tsam lub teb chaws yuav tsum tau tuaj mus rau ob tog tau cov tshuaj uas yuav tiv thaiv kom txhob muaj teeb meem.

Lub venue ntawm lub rooj sib tham raug xaiv teb chaws USA, thiab lawv lub nroog capital thiab tau convened lub Washington sablaj nyob rau hauv 1921.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg nram qab no: Lub Washington sablaj convened los ntawm lub tebchaws United States yog cov teg num - lawv yuav tsum tau mus cuag lub xaus ntawm dej siab sib cog lus rau lawv tus kheej. Teb, lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm lub rooj sib tham yog ib tug nres zog ntawm tus neeg ntawm lub Soviet Union thiab kab lub teb chaws. Remarkably, lub Soviet tsoom fwv twb tsis caw mus rau lub rooj sab laj, raws li zoo raws li lub delegation ntawm lub Far Eastern koom pheej twb raug xa mus Washington, nws twb tsis kam lees txais rau lub rooj sib tham.

Los ntawm Kaum ib hlis 1921 rau lub ob hlis ntuj 1922 dhau lub Washington Conference, thiab nws cov kev daws teeb meem tau zoo heev ib qho tseem ceeb rau tag nrho lub ntiaj teb no. Tshwj xeeb yog tseem ceeb yog peb cov ntawv cog lus: ib tug "daim ntawv cog lus ntawm plaub", "lub Cuaj" thiab "daim ntawv cog lus-tsib."

Washington sablaj kos npe rau ib "daim ntawv cog lus ntawm plaub" 13 Hlis ntuj nqeg 21st ntawm lub xyoo. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv cog lus, raws li koj tau qhia los ntawm lub npe, tus plaub powers muab kev koom tes: USA, Fabkis, England thiab Nyiv. Lub essence ntawm no daim ntawv cog lus yog qhov kev pom zoo ntawm tag nrho plaub lub teb chaws ua ke pom zoo los tiv thaiv cov hwv txoj cai ntawm lub Pacific hiav txwv. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub "daim ntawv cog lus ntawm plaub" stipulated cov kis Anglo-Japanese alliance, uas ntawd kub ntev li txij li thaum 1902. Nws lov cov alliance yog vim tseem ceeb siab los ntawm lub US, raws li cov union ntawm ces thiab Nyiv yog hais tiv thaiv ib txhia ntawm cov US lub hom phiaj.

"Daim ntawv cog lus tsib" Washington sablaj txais yuav cia li ua ntej nws kawm tiav - 6 Lub ob hlis ntuj 1922 xyoo. Qhov no daim ntawv cog lus kuj muaj ib tug thib ob lub npe - tus Washington Naval Treaty. Nws twb tau mus kawm los ntawm cov hauv qab no powers: Fabkis, USA, Nyiv, Great teb chaws Aas Kiv thiab Ltalis. Qhov no daim ntawv cog lus stipulated qhov yuav tsum tau kom tsis txhob muaj naval rog ntawm lub koom lub teb chaws. Raws li marine daim ntawv cog lus kom zoo dua rog rog npaj USA.

Dhau li ntawm tus US, ib co ntawm cov kev pab cuam los ntawm cov treaty ruaj Nyiv thiab lub tebchaws United Kingdom. Yog li, hauv lub tebchaws United Kingdom thiab lub tebchaws United States twb tau muab Nyiv lub siab tsis txhob tsim bases nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv Pacific rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub 110 meridian sab hnub tuaj longitude. Thiab lub tebchaws United Kingdom tau khaws cia nws tiag tiag kom zoo dua vim lub fact tias cov tonnage ntawm cov rog twb tsis txwv.

"Qhov kev pom zoo ntawm cuaj ntawm lub" Washington sablaj txais yuav ib txhij nrog cov "daim ntawv cog lus ntawm tsib." Qhov no daim ntawv cog lus muab kev koom tes rau hauv lub teb chaws no: Fabkis, Belgium, TEB CHAWS USA, Great Britain, Nyiv, lub Netherlands, Ltalis, Portugal thiab Tuam Tshoj. Nyob rau hauv no daim ntawv cog lus, tag nrho cov teb chaws koom nyob rau hauv nws tau txais vaj huam sib luag, thiab Tuam Tshoj yog ua ib lub teb chaws, uas yuav siv tau los ntawm tag nrho cov (tsis yog Nyiv, raws li npaj ua ntej lawm). Nyiv kuj qhaib zam Tuam Tshoj "nees-nkaum ib xav".

Tsuas yog no nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj txoj cai nyob rau hauv lub xaus ntawm daim ntawv cog lus tau dog dig khi: los ntawm nws tau rho, tsis yog txhua txhua Japanese pab tub rog, thiab Tuam Tshoj nws tus kheej tau yuam ib tug tshwj xeeb tariff, uas yuav ntxiv zog rau nws cov (Tuam Tshoj tus) tsis sib xws.

Lub US tsoom fwv yog ua lub hom phiaj nrog rau kev hwm mus ntes tus zoo tshaj plaws txoj haujlwm rau cov CER, tab sis, ua tsaug rau cov kuj ntawm lub disadvantaged nyob rau hauv lawv txoj cai ntawm Tuam Tshoj thiab mob lub Soviet Union, cov kev pab them nqi yuav tsis tau pom tau hais.