Arts thiab lom ze, Kos duab
Vladimir Andreevich Favorsky: biography, creativity. engravings Tabor
Tus thawj lub sij hawm ntawm lub Moscow lub tsev kawm ntawv - Favorskiy Vladimir Andreevich. Biography ntawm cov artist muaj xws li tsis tsuas muaj tswv yim, tab sis kuj mus koom nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog kuv, thiab ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv heev heev theoretical writings, thiab qhia kev ua ub no. Tiam sis ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov nws yog lub npe hu ua ib phau ntawv kos duab. Muaj ntau unmistakably paub txog nws drawings rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm William Shakespeare thiab S. Ya. Marshaka.
cov tub ntxhais hluas
Peb yuav hais tias Tabor yog mus txuas lawv lub neej nrog kos duab raws li lub successor ntawm ib tsev neeg kev lig kev cai. Ntxias yog nws yawg, niam thiab kuj zoo kawg-pog. Qhov zoo Lavxias teb sab kws kos duab yug nyob rau hauv 1886 nyob rau hauv Moscow. menyuam lossi raws li ib tug niam thim, nws nws tus kheej coj li tus txhuam thiab cwj mem qhuav. Chiv nrag twb pom los ntawm nws raws li ib tug zoo lub sij hawm - tsis muaj ntau. Tab sis nkag mus rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ntawm cov kos duab, Tabor nyob ntawm no mus ib txhis, thiab teem tawm mus ua xa mus rau nws raws li muaj coob tus neeg li sai tau. Nws pib nws cov hauj lwm raws li ib tug neeg pleev kob, qhov chaw kawm kev cia siab. Tab sis tom qab kuv xaiv tus graphics raws li lub ze tshaj cov neeg rau ib daim duab daim ntawv.
Childhood artist, muaj nyob rau hauv ib lub voj voog ntawm ib tug hlub tsev neeg, tau raug deprived ntawm kev nyuaj siab. Tam sim ntawd tsev neeg - ntxias, architects, sculptors, - contributed rau qhov tseeb uas koj nyiam nyob rau hauv kos duab loj hlob muaj zog. Thiab thaum nws tuaj lub sij hawm mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus kawm ntawv theem pib, nws twb txiav txim siab xa cov me nyuam tub los ib tug private kos duab lub tsev kawm ntawv K. F. Yuona.
kev kawm
Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nrog ib tug mus ntsib mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv Juon me nyuam tub mus xyuas yav tsaus ntuj cov chav kawm ntawm lub Stroganov School. Tom qab kawm tiav rau xyoo los ntawm high school, nws tau mus Munich thiab twb mus cov kws qhia ntawv ntawm Economics, tab sis tsis ntev pom tau hais tias nws yog kiag li tsis nws txoj hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv 1906, ib tug tub hluas mus rau tsev kawm ntawv ntiav, uas tau coj los ntawm tus Hungarian artist ntawm Armenian qhovntsej thiaj tsis mob Simon Hollósy. Qhov no tus kws qhia ntawv Vladimir Andreevich Favorsky yuav yeej ib txwm nco ntsoov nrog gratitude raws li ib tug ntawm cov nyiam cov xib fwb. Tsis muaj nrog nws muaj ib tug yawm cawv rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov tub ntxhais txuj ci thiab tsim los ntawm nws lub tswv yim zoo tej ntsiab cai.
University of Munich, nruab nrab ntawm Tabor tsis muab thiab mloog nws ib chav kawm rau lub keeb kwm ntawm cov kos duab. Nyob rau hauv 1907 nws rov qab mus rau Russia thiab txuas ntxiv kev kawm ntawv Art thiab lub University of Moscow.
domesticity
Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tas los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv, nyob rau hauv 1812, Vladimir Andreevich Favorsky sib yuav Mary Derviz, charming ntxhais nrog ib tug cus ciav cim, rau tag nrho cov lwm yam virtues kuj yog ib tug pheej artist. Cov nws cov txheeb ze yog Valentin Serov, uas xav xav kom Mary yees rau daim duab. Nws kawm painting nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg thiab nyob rau hauv Fabkis. Nyob rau hauv Moscow, raws li zoo raws li yav tom ntej tus txiv, Juon yog ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv, thiab ces lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Painting, puab thiab Architecture. Mary yog tsis destined los ua ib tug zoo artist, tab sis qhov teeb meem yog hais tias qhov kev tshwm sim ntawm lub neej, tsis yog ib tug tsis muaj txuj ci. Nyob rau hauv cov kev phem ntawm no mus txog rau thaum kawg ntawm hnub, nws yog ib tug phooj ywg thiab pab rau nws tus txiv. Lub xyoo caum kawg ntawm nws lub neej nws ua hauj lwm rau qhov puas, ua tsaug rau uas tus neeg tshawb fawb Tabor twb tau los ntawm ib co ntawm cov nplooj ntawv ntawm nws biography.
cov artist tus kom loj hlob
Tom qab kawm tiav Vladimir Andreevich Favorsky koom nyob rau hauv kev qhia ntawv thiab ua hauj lwm rau lub hom phiaj ntawm daim duab. Txij thaum pib ntawm lub thawj lub ntiaj teb, nws mus rau pem hauv ntej thiab los ntawm cov tag nrho tsov rog. Nyob rau hauv Moscow, nws rov qab nyob rau hauv 1918 nrog rau cov nyob qib chij. Tom qab cov tub rog, nws sai sai muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub artistic lub neej ntawm lub capital.
Cov artist resumed qhia. Nyob rau hauv 1920 nws yog nyob rau hauv them nyiaj ntawm ib qho ntawm lub tuam ntawm lub Siab Art thiab Kev Studios (VHUTEMAS), qhia cov tub ntxhais kawm kev kos thiab woodcuts. Nyob rau hauv 1923 nws tau los ua rector ntawm cov Art cob qhia. Tabor pib ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm cov phau ntawv ntawm Pushkin thiab Tolstoy, thiab los ntawm tam sim no nyob rau hauv phau ntawv graphics yog ua ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws neeg mob ntawm nws lub neej.
Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nws zoo rau nrog cov philosopher P. A. Florenskim. Kev koom tes, txaus siab los ntawm kev phooj ywg thiab kinship cim, enriched lawv ob leeg. Nyob rau hauv muaj ntau yam theoretical txaus ntawm cov artist yuav pom tus ntawm Florensky. Ua ke lawv muaj koom nrog cov sab laug pem hauv ntej kos duab (lef). Vim hais tias ntawm cov predominance ntawm sab ntsuj plig kev ntseeg ntawm pib ntawm lawv cov kev txawj ntse pab pawg neeg dubbed "zus tau tej cov Mystics."
By kawg ntawm xyoo 1930 lub artist delves ntxiv rau hauv cov kev tshawb xav ntawm cov kos duab. Nws yog sau cov khoom thiab ntaub ntawv, thiab qhia nyob rau Lavxias teb sab teb chaws Academy of Arts. Nws tseem ua lub engraving, tsim phau ntawv, kev koom tes nrog rau cov Moscow Art Theatre. Koom nyob rau hauv miv nyob rau hauv Venice thiab Paris.
Paub tab cov tswv nkag mus hauv lub 40s Tabor. Cov artist tau txais paub thiab lub sijhawm mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub feem ntau nthuav kev txiav txim. Tawm nws tseem loj hlob tuaj, technology lawm. Honed tob ntawm imagery thiab kev paub qhia lo stroke.
tsis ntev los no xyoo
Nyob rau hauv nws koos xyoo lub artist tau reaped lub deserved txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm nws ua. Nyob rau hauv 1956, nws tau los ua tus honored Artist ntawm lub RSFSR, nyob rau hauv 1959 - neeg lub Artist ntawm lub RSFSR, thiab nyob rau hauv 1963 - neeg lub Artist ntawm lub USSR. Tau kub medals ntawm thoob ntiaj teb miv nyob rau hauv Brussels, Leipzig thiab Sao Paulo. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm 1962 Tabor muab tsub lub Lenin nqi zog rau nws ua tau nyob rau hauv daim duab. Qhov no tsis txhais hais tias tus artist so nyob rau nws laurels - nws tseem mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib tug series ntawm drawings, prints, tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv painting. Venerable tswv artist tuag nyob rau hauv lub kawg ntawm 1963. Nws lub ntxa yog nyob rau hauv Moscow thaum lub Novodevichy Cemetery.
theoretical views
Tabor ua tib zoo tsim thiab tsim ib tug theoretical kev pab cuam. Lub tswvyim yog tsim lectures uas xibfwb nyeem ntawv rau nws cov tub kawm. Nrog lawv, nws pib tsim thiab systematization ntawm nws lub zeem muag ntawm cov kos duab. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim yug los ntawm cov phau ntawv "Nyob rau hauv Kos duab ntawm phau ntawv, hais txog cov engraving," "Tus font hom thiab nws cov kev sib raug zoo nrog cov koos pis kev", "qhia rau cov kev tshawb xav ntawm muaj pes tsawg leeg." Lawv Tabor tham txog tus txheej txheem ntawm kev sis raug zoo nrog rau hauv daim ntawv thiab nws cov embodiment nyob rau hauv lub dav hlau. Xam tias yog qhov kev kawm kab ntawm kev txhais, lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub dav hlau nyob rau hauv painting thiab duab. Txhua yam ntawm nto lub artist muab rau nws tus kheej muaj pes tsawg leeg, thiab "Fine".
Hais txog txawm nam ntawm creativity tsis piav rau Tabor, ib tug refrain tsis nyuaj lub tswv yim tias cov ntau lawm thiab ideology ntawm nws cov Cheebtsam yuav tsum indivisible thiab balanced. Yob nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ua rau deformation thiab ua rau yus lub degeneration ntawm cov kos duab. Creativity yuav tsum reassuring, txij thaum lub notion ntawm qhov tseeb yog inseparable los ntawm lub tswvyim ntawm kev zoo nkauj. Aesthetization ugliness rau art yuav tsis tsim nyog.
Phau Ntawv graphics
Tabor tau feem ntau hais tias tsis piv txwv li no cov khoom thiab tsim ib phau ntawv. Nws yeej ib txwm mus kev rau lub teeb meem nyob rau hauv ib tug complex, tsim tsis tau tsuas yog lus piv txwv, tab sis kuj tos tus font, loj, me, qauv, kev faib ua feem. Tag nrho cov no yuav tsum yog kev kawm mus rau ib qho stylistic synthesis. Atherosclerosis padding, margins thiab pawg lus yuav tsum yog nyob rau hauv qhib nrog cov atherosclerosis ntawm cov engraving. Nyob rau hauv lub Tabor nws twb coj tsis tau tsuas yog lawv muaj tswv yim kev xav, tab sis kuj cia siab rau qhov kev paub ntawm antiquity thiab lub Renaissance. Nws coined lub tswvyim xws li "architecture ntawm phau ntawv" - qhov kev kawm ntawm proportionality thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm tag nrho nws cov Cheebtsam.
Txhua yam khoom ntawm Tabor pom lawv mus kom ze. Ua "Nej" twb inspired los ntawm ancient Lavxias teb sab phau ntawv. Ornaments thiab cov tsiaj ntawv xa tus nyeem ntawv rau cov laus thiab nyeem tau. Illustrations rau "Me ntsis xwm txheej" Pushkin no mas detailed, mloog kom meej. Heroes khov nyob rau hauv theatrical poses thiab ua ib lub cim qhia tus cwj pwm txawv: greed, kev tu siab, npau taws, ntshai. Nyob rau hauv lub lus piv txwv Gogol lub "Shponka" tshwm sim grotesque zoo heev creatures: giant kab, noog-taws neeg. Nrig txog kev pom ntau yam tsis tau tsuas yog complements cov ntawv nyeem, tab sis kuj ua hauj lwm pab raws li ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib kev ua hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab uas yuav muab tau zaub mov rau thought. Ib tug ntawm cov tej hauj lwm ntawm lub mature sau - illustrations rau S. Cawm Seej "New Year lub tswv yim." Lawv style yog dictated los ntawm tus ua txoj dab neeg ntawm kev ua hauj lwm. Nuj nqis ntse, bold, dynamic. Cov artist plays nrog cog qoob loo rau cov muaj pes tsawg leeg, thaum uas ib txwm nrhiav ib tug zoo meej tshwm sim. Engraving Tabor mas yuav kis tau ntau lub kiv cua thiab yog tseem prized by lolus.
Cov artist illustrated lub Pushkin, Shakespeare, Tolstoy, Dante, Gogol, Merimee, Burns, thiab qhov no yog tsis yog ib tug ua tiav daim ntawv teev cov nws tej hauj lwm. Tsis tsuas yog tsim los rau cov neeg laus ntaub ntawv Tabor, nws kuj ua hauj lwm zoo nrog cov publishing Detgiz. Lus piv txwv cov paj huam "Yog hais tias cov me nyuam ntawm tag nrho cov ntiaj teb ..." Muaj ntau cov paub siv phau ntawv cov ntaub ntawv. Barefoot tub carefree luag thiab khiav ib ncig ntawm lub tiaj nyom, enjoying ib lub thaj yeeb lub neej. Txhua Soviet tus me nyuam tej zaum nyeem ib phau ntawm Marshak, nyob qhov twg muaj ib qho kev ntawm cov paj huam "Lub mustachioed thiab Txaij" nrog dwb me nyuam miv.
Lwm yam kev kos duab
Ncej ntawm ib hom ntawm cov kos duab tau zoo rau Vladimir Andreyevich. Nws yog nto moo tsis tsuas yog rau cov phau ntawv illustrations. Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm cov 40s Tabor loops "Great Lavxias teb sab generals," nyob qhov twg portraits ntawm muaj koob neeg embodied lub grandeur thiab lub hwj chim ntawm Russia. Ib tug ntawm nws zoo tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm - ib tug portrait ntawm F. M. Dostoevskogo. Loj thiab focused txawj sau ntawv zoo nkaus li ua ntej cov neeg tuaj saib. Cov artist tsis dag ntxias nws, tsis kho cov kev muaj tiag, tsis yog ib tug caricature unleashes tej yam txaus siab. Tab sis lub coj daim duab ntawm Dostoevsky betrays ntxhov siab vim hla lub Lavxias teb sab neeg, kev hlub ntawm lub teb chaws thiab ib tug zoo heev hwj chim ntawm kev xav.
Ib tug nyiam txheej txheem ntawm cov artist yog ib tug woodcut thiab ntoo engraving, tab sis attracted rau nws thiab linocut. Adorable "Samarkand voj voog" tau raug tsim nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem no. Pib nws cov hauj lwm raws li ib tug neeg pleev kob, lub neej Tabor tseg coj mus rau ntawm txhuam. Nws authorship belongs rau ib mosaic "1905". Nws kawm Duab puab thiab monumental painting. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov artist collaborated nrog lub theaters - puas tau sketches rau ua yeeb yam thiab costumes, raws li zoo raws li ib tug tub hluas, txawm ntoo roj hmab rau cov me nyuam txoj kev ua yeeb yam. Txawm npaum li cas Vladimir Andreevich Favorsky, tag nrho cov ua nrog kev hlub thiab kev zoo kev txawj. Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm tiam tom ntej, nws yog thawj zaug thiab foremost ib tug zoo heev nraaj artist thiab kos duab.
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