Vim li cas kuv yuav tsum tau ib tug dawb mem hluav, thiab leej twg invented nws?

Tag nrho peb puas tau siv xaum xim. Ib tug neeg cia li nqus qhia hauv tsev kawm ntawv, thiab uas yog siv lawv kom deb li deb. Thiab ntau tom qab qhib lub box yog xav nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus nug: yog vim li cas peb yuav tsum tau ib tug dawb mem hluav?

keeb kwm ntaub ntawv

Niaj hnub nimno tus cwj mem qhuav muaj txog 200 xyoo. Graphite yog pom qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub 5 centuries dhau los nyob rau hauv British mines. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias nws tau txij li thaum pib yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm graphite cwj mem qhuav. Ib tug German tsev neeg rov qab nyob rau hauv 1760 thiab pib ua xws seev los ntawm txoj kev graphite hmoov. Txawm li cas los, txoj kev no tsis tau zoo heev. Fabkis tus paub txog Conte nyob rau hauv 1795 tau tus cwj mem qhuav ua los ntawm graphite, tsis zoo xwb, tab sis kuj los ntawm tej yam ntau yam ntawm cov av nplaum, uas nws tau yav tas los hlawv nyob rau hauv ib tug rauv. Tej technology yog heev nrov kom deb li deb. Tej yam yooj yim mem hluav yog nqus yog ua los ntawm graphite thiab yoojyim qab ib tug maub txoj kev taug. Rau nws lawm graphite hmoov yog tov nrog dej thiab av nplaum. Lub hardness ntawm cov khoom yog txiav txim los ntawm tus xov tooj ntawm cov av nplaum. Yuav ua li cas rau nws - nws yog softer dua me - nyuab me ntsis. Lub khob noom cookie zoo li muab tshuaj txhuam, uas yog tsim los ntawm cov sib tov yog dhau los ntawm cov xovxwm, tom qab uas lub tsim hlua uas yog straightened, txiav mus rau yam loj thiab raug rho tawm haujlwm nyob rau hauv ib tug kiln. Ces, cedar los yog ntoo thuv txiav raws workpiece, ua ib tug tshwj xeeb ditch rau cov hlau lead, thiab ces glued ua ke nrog nws lawm. Cov uas ua plaques yog txiav thiab polished. Rau hnub tim, nws ua txog 300 hom cwj mem qhuav. Lawv yog cov sib txawv nyob rau hauv hardness thiab xim. Niaj hnub no, muaj cov 72 xim ntawm cov khoom no. Nrog lawv pab, sau ntawv rau iav, daim ntaub, hnab yas, thiab txawm zaj duab xis. Ib txhia ntawm lawv yog siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho, yuav tawm ib lub cim uas yuav nyob twj ywm rau ib ntev lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm.

Vim li cas kuv yuav tsum tau ib tug dawb mem hluav nyob rau hauv lub teeb

Ib lub cuab tam ntawm no xim siv ntau heev. Lawv feem ntau yog kos rau cov ntawv los yog cov saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm ib tug txheej ntawm thee, pob zeb mem hluav, sepia ... Cov kev siv ntawm lub mem hluav yog txawv nyob ntawm seb yuav ua li cas npaum li cas shading thov. Yog xav paub yog vim li cas ib tug dawb mem hluav yog nqus yog siv, saib cov portrait hais tias nws pleev xim rau. Koj yuav pom heev los nthuav uas yog tsis yog li ntawd ib qho yooj yim mus paub. Ua li no, koj yuav tsum kawm tau xav "nyob rau hauv qhov tsis zoo". Yuav kom teb tau cov nqe lus nug ntawm yog vim li cas peb yuav tsum tau ib tug dawb mem hluav, sim txaus mus them rau cov ntawv tusyees nrog kev pab los ntawm dub lead ntsuas. Ces koj yuav tsum tau thov cov kab dawb. Tej yam kev ua si yuav ua rau ib tug zoo deal ntawm kev txaus siab. Lwm dawb mem hluav yuav tov nrog lwm yam xim pleev xim tones.

Raws li ib tug dawb mem hluav hauj lwm cov kev xav

Qhov cuab yeej no draws zoo nyob rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj nti xim. Yog hais tias koj tsis paub vim li cas koj xav tau ib tug dawb mem hluav, ces cia li sim kos lawv glare, daus los yog los nag, thiab koj yuav pom zoo li cas yuav tig tawm zoo heev duab! Nws yuav pab tau kom qhov kev hloov ntawm cov xim smoother thiab qhia cov kev ua si ntawm lub teeb nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam kev kawm. Siv nws yog heev yooj yim mus txhim kho cov uas tsis. Yog li ntawd, xws li ib tug uas yog heev tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub visual arts.