Unconventional khoom noj - Pab Cov Yawg

Lub tsub zuj zuj ntawm ntau cov tsiaj nyob rau hauv tag chaw, feem ntau xyoo-round lawv nyob sab hauv tsev thiab ib co lwm yam dab feem ntau ua rau deterioration ntawm cov tsiaj noj qab haus huv, lub weakening ntawm cov kevcai tswj, no: metabolic mob, thiab raws li ib tug rau txim ntawm txo productivity. Yog li ntawd, qhov zoo ntawm kev noj haus thiab nws usefulness yuav tsum tau muab tshwj xeeb mloog. Noj cov zaub mov uas muaj tag nrho cov tsim nyog cov as-ham rau tus tsiaj thiab cov biologically active tshuaj, lub luag hauj lwm tsis tau tsuas yog rau cov kev loj hlob thiab tsim tau ntawm cov tsiaj, tab sis kuj tsawg kawg nkaus tus nqi ndlwg ntawm pub ib chav tsev ntawm ntau lawm. Tu siab, nyob rau hauv cov xwm muaj yog tsis muaj pub txhais tau hais tias muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm tag nrho raws li cov kev noj haus kev xav tau ntawm cov tsiaj, deprived ntawm tseem free xaiv thiab cov zaub mov yog nyob rau hauv ib qhov teeb meem ntawm no: kev rho tawm los ntawm ib puag ncig thiab yog tsuas yog siv nog tua los ntawm tus txiv neej. Txawm li cas los, muaj cuab yeej thiab cov tswv yim uas yuav pab txhawb tus noj cov zaub mov ntawm cov uas ploj lawm as-ham. Nws yog hais txog cov muaj feem ntau cov tswv teb, lub thiaj-hu ua uas tsis yog-txwm feedstuffs, uas nyob rau tib lub sij hawm ua rau nws tau txuag rau pub. Qhov no yog lub zeem cia, uas yuav siv tau tag nrho cov breeders, uas yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ib qho tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm fodder tsis txaus.

Tsis-pa pub, ntau lawm thiab daim ntawv thov ntawm technologies tsim npaum li cas. Cia peb kawm ib ob peb ntawm lawv, siv cov uas yuav tsum tau teem nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua yam kev mob ntawm lub teb thiab coj ib tug los ze zog saib.

Cov nram qab no pab pawg neeg ntawm feedstuffs yuav qhia tau.

• kua additives (pomace, kua txiv hmab thiab infusions, concentrates, pastes, unicellular algae);
• tshiab thiab tus hluas zaub mov thiab cov tshuaj (tshiab ntoo thuv koob thiab nplooj, ceg me khoom noj khoom haus, hav zoov, silage, nog los ntawm nplooj poob, sawv ntawm cov tsiaj qus nroj tsuag thiab cultivated nroj tsuag, hydroponic ntsuab fodder);
• qhuav pub (ntoo hay, fodder brooms, vitamin pub noj mov);
• Feeb meej pab (noob ntawm grasses thiab ntxhov nroj tsuag, vitamin concentrates, qhuav biomass thiab mikrovodosley maggots, fodder poov xab, thiab cov zoo li).

Qhov tseem siv tau qhov chaw ntawm fodder yog lub hav zoov. Qhov ntau ntawm cov hav zoov pov tseg, nws VR, ib xyoo puag ncig siv cia peb xav txog lawv raws li ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau mus siv cuag reserves.

Pub pab tom hav zoov:

Kua additives. Ntuj kua thiab infusions ntawm ntsuab ntoo yog zoo vitamin thiab noj haus ntxiv. Lawv kom zoo dua yog hais tias lawv muaj peev xwm yuav ua nyob rau hauv lub taw tes rau ntawm kev noj, cov tsis muaj ib tug me me txee lub neej - mus txog rau 5-7 hnub. Ntuj kua yog 10-15 lub sij hawm ntau concentrated additives piv rau infusions thiab yuav tsum tau standardization. Cov feem ntau Txoj kev lis ntshav koob Juniper, fir, ntoo thuv, lawv yog npaj los ntawm extraction nrog kub ntsuab (70-90ºS) los yog dej txias. Nyob rau hauv ib tug 100 cm3 Txoj kev lis ntshav spruce koob muaj 26,4 mg ntawm vitamin C, ntoo thuv - 35,2, Juniper - 28,1 mg. Tshiab crushed softwood ko taw muab tso rau hauv ib lub nruas thiab dej kub yog poured rau ntawm tus nqi ntawm ib feem ntawm lub koob 3-4 qhov chaw dej (by luj). Chim capped thiab sab laug los ntawm 3H rau 8 teev los ntawm kev siv dej txias - rau ib hnub twg. Yuav kom txo tau txoj kev poob ntawm cov as-ham thiab txhim kho lub palatability ntawm ntoo thuv cia yuav ferment. Los ntawm 1 kg ntawm tshiab ntoo ntsuab yuav tau txais 3-4 kg thiab ib tug physiologically active as Txoj kev lis ntshav. Aqueous cia ntawm coniferous muaj antibacterial kev ua si, uas yog pab tau rau cov prophylaxis tiv thaiv staphylococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa thiab typhoid enteric kab mob pab pawg neeg.

Tshiab thiab tus hluas thiab pub pab. Ceg me khoom noj khoom haus. Tshiab los yog qhuav nplooj (ntoo hay) loj ntoo thiab nroj yuav hloov mus rau 20-30% ntawm roughage cov pluas noj nyob rau hauv ruminants thiab yog lub hauv paus ntawm biologically active tshuaj.

Chopping tshiab ceg me khoom noj ua ntej noj pab txoj kev palatability thiab digestibility, uas thiaj li losses.

Ntseej, ntoo qhib, hazel, dogwood, Juniper, spruce thiab willow tawv tsawg ntshaw vim lub high ntsiab lus ntawm extractive tshuaj uas txo lub efficiency ntawm lawv cov kev siv.

Cov noj nqi ntawm xauj pub nyob rau cov ntoo hom, ntxawm lub caij, thiab lub lub cheeb ntawm lub ceg thiab nplooj txawv qhov nruab nrab ntawm 3762 mus 5852 kJ metabolizable zog ib 1 kg ntawm qhuav teeb meem. Lub digestibility ntawm cov nroj tsuag lub sij hawm yog 35,2-49,4%. Txhim khu cov nqi ntawm xauj nog hardwood yog yus muaj los ntawm nws cov billet nyob rau hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm cov loj hlob rau lub caij, thiab coniferous - nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no. Noj haus ceg me khoom noj khoom haus yuav ua rau kom lub hydrothermal thiab tshuaj kho mob Proofing los yog saccharification.

Coniferous boughs, tsis zoo li hardwood ntoo, nws yog zoo dua mus pib mus sau thiab pub cov tsiaj nyob rau hauv lig lub caij nplooj zeeg - lub caij ntuj no, thaum cov ntsiab lus ntawm extractives yam tsawg kawg nkaus los ntawm qhia lawv mus rau hauv cov khoom noj maj. Introduction to lub koob ntawm kev noj haus yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev xaiv cov kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov kab mob tsis muaj peev xwm, ib tug ntau yam ntawm plab hnyuv thiab ua pa kab mob nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm yav dhau ntawm tag nrho cov tshaj ntawm fodder. Koob yog ib tug pheej yig dua qhov chaw ntawm carotene tshaj hay, carrots, ntses cov roj los yog nyom noj mov.

Silage thiab senazhirovanie nplooj, ntoo thuv koob, me me ceg yog ib tug ntawm cov hom kev kawm ntawm kev txuag thiab nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm ensiling nog acquires tshiab organoleptic zog uas ua rau kom nws cov palatability. Zoo tau qhia tau hais tias pub silo los ntawm ntxhov nroj tsuag thiab mixed silage los ntawm cov hav zoov seem thiab herbaceous nroj tsuag (nyom, khib nyiab zaub thiab teb cov qoob loo) siv pub hydrolytic suab thaj thiab urea pab kom txawm peem rau cov tsis muaj legkosbrazhivaemyh suab thaj. Nyob rau hauv ib co hom hav zoov ntoo silo (los ntawm cov khib nyiab ntoo zaub ntsuab) vim hais tias tsis muaj tej yam tshwm sim ntawm ensiling (lactic, acetic acids), tab sis lawv loj yog fwm zoo thiab muaj ze mus rau tus thawj xim thiab qab ntxiag tsw (withered nplooj, lub caij nplooj zeeg smolder).

Feed los ntawm nplooj poob ntawm txawv tsob ntoo hom kuj muaj ib tug tej yam noj nqi. Daj nplooj nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lub ntsuab muaj tsawg protein, yuav luag tsis muaj carotene, vitamin C, suab thaj, tiam sis lawv muaj ntau dua cov nqi ntawm cov roj, fiber, tshauv. Cov noj nqi ntawm poob nplooj los ntawm 25-35% tsawg dua. Crushed, zaparivayut, siv silage thiab Proofing etc.

Qhuav tsiaj tej khoom noj. Ntoo hay - qhuav fodder rau lub hom phiaj ntawm xauj khoom. Tufts ntawm qhuav, me me, zoo-nplooj ceg hu ua twigs, qhuav nplooj - "ntxhov" hay. Qhuav nplooj thiab qhuav ntxhov tshuaj ntsuab muaj ib tug high zaub mov muaj nqis, muaj ib tug ntau ntawm cov zaub mov.

Vitamin ntsuab ntoo hmoov muaj los ntawm 7.2 mus 16,6% thiab ib tug protein cov ntsiab lus ntawm ntau cov as-ham tsis tawm los ib tug hmoov ntawm alfalfa. Nws yuav siv nyob rau hauv qhuav ntawm mixed txau, thiab raws li ib tug additive nyob rau hauv cov khoom noj ntawm ua liaj ua teb cov tsiaj thiab cov noog. Softwood hmoov - vitamin pub tau los ntawm qhuav ntoo thuv koob thiab spruce los yog ntoo thuv ceg nrog ib tug high school cov kev siv efficiency. Nyob rau hauv kev, los ntawm 1 kg ntawm qhuav teeb meem ntawm birch nplooj, Aspen thiab Alder tej zaum yuav tau 125-200 mg carotene, los ntawm lub koob ntawm cov ntoo thuv, spruce, Juniper, fir, cedar, thiab 60-100 mg; Vitamin C los ntawm 1kg ntawm ntoo thuv koob thiab spruce 3000-3200 4000 IU, ntau tshaj txiv kab ntxwv thiab txiv qaub. Nyob rau hauv lub tej yam kev mob ntawm ib tug ua liaj ua teb vitamin hmoov los ntawm cov nplooj yuav procured los ntawm lawv tej yam ntuj tso shrinkage thiab tom ntej sib tsoo.

Sawdust siv nyob rau hauv tshiab los yog ua daim ntawv no. Lub as ntoo yog ntxiv rau concentrated pub nyob rau hauv ib tug npaum li ntawm 25-50% rau restricting lawv palatability thaum muab ntau. Nyob rau hauv ruminant rations muab loj hmoov av (15-25% ntawm cov khoom noj) rau normalize rumen muaj nuj nqi txo morbidity parakeratosis. Nyob rau hauv kev, tej yam ntuj tso Aspen tej daim muaj high-qib roughage qualities. Sawdust noj nqi tej zaum yuav ua rau kom los ntawm tej yam yooj yim txoj kev: gidrobarotermicheskoy ua, ib tug dhau heev lawm ntawm alkali txias los yog kub dab, ammonia dej, thiab lwm yam

Pub los ntawm pov tseg ntawv. Shredded ntawv pov tseg ntawv muaj txog li 90% ntawm cov cellulose. Cov hauj lwm zoo ntawm kev siv ntawm pov tseg daim ntawv nyob rau hauv lub pub nyob rau hauv lub hom ntawv. Tsim digestibility ntawm qhuav teeb meem: kev xim av ntawv wrapping 90,8% polished - 41,0-46,5, newsprint - 26,5-33,2%. Thaum lub 10-20% newsprint tiav awd qhuav teeb meem digestibility nce los ntawm 77,9 rau 80,1-81,8%.

Muaj ntau txoj kev uas npaj pov tseg daim ntawv rau noj, nyob rau hauv particular sib tsoo thiab blending nrog zib suab thaj nyob rau hauv ib qho ratio ntawm 25:75, raws li los ntawm qhuav ntawm t 85º C mus txog rau thaum nais etc. Tom qab ntawd muaj xws li noj cov zaub mov muaj pes tsawg leeg.

Nws yuav tau menyuam hais tias xws li pub txhais tau hais tias raws li pov tseg ntawv, sawdust, thiab cov zoo li, xws li cov straw nrog cov hauv qab no-piav kev npaj technology, muaj ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm cellulose, siv tsuas yog rau poligastrichnym (ruminant) tsiaj.

Lwm yam qhov chaw ntawm fodder.

Kua additives. Unicellular algae. Algae yuav zus nyob rau hauv tej pas dej thiab dag cov nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas yuav tsis haum rau ua liaj ua teb; lawv kab lis kev cai yog tsawg nyob rau climatic tej yam kev mob, thiab cov sau qoob rau fodder hom phiaj yog tau nyob rau hauv lub tej yam kev mob ntawm tej kev khwv nyiaj txiag. Qhov zoo ntawm cov feedstuffs yuav tsum tau ntaus nqi rau tus loj hlob sai ntawm biomass. Nyob rau lub 6 hnub ntawm cultivation, thaum tus nqi ntawm cov vitamins nyob rau hauv qhov nruab nrab, lub siab tshaj plaws, lub cell ncua kev kawm ntawv tsiaj solder, tsis poob ntawm cov vitamins nyob rau hauv ib tug nruab nrab, thiab lwm yam bioactive tshuaj - tshuaj tua kab mob, enzymes, sterols, cog tshuaj, thiab lwm yam

Thaum ntxiv rau 1 ton ntawm grain 5-7 kg qhuav nyhav Chlorella grain bioavailability nce 1.5 fold. Ntawm cov algae hom siv ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no rau cov zaub mov thiab pub additives, ntau 3 hom - Spirulina, Chlorella thiab Dyunaliella.

Cov qoob ntawm hom ntawm cov genus Spirulina ua 128 t / ha uas muaj protein ntau ib xyoo. Dyunaliella - tus kwv uas muaj loj kab lis kev cai. Qhov no seaweed nyob rau hauv nws cov khoom noj khoom haus zoo superior rau lwm tus neeg nyob rau hauv high roj cov ntsiab lus (mus txog 28%), thiab cov vitamins, amino acids ntawm cov tag nrho teev ntawm cov ntsiab lus thiab kuj yog ib tug uas tsis muaj hmoov tshauv cov ntsiab lus, muaj zoo digestibility. Chlorella - cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov vitamins yog superior rau tag nrho cov zaub thiab zaub noj cov qoob loo, nrog rau cov poov xab. Chlorella ua thiab B12, uas yog tsis tam sim no nyob rau hauv poov xab, los yog ntau dua cov nroj tsuag. Yog hais tias cov ntses roj muaj 6 vitamins, cov Chlorella lawv tsawg kawg yog 13 pro-vitamin A nyob rau hauv nws yog 7-10 zaug siab tshaj nyob rau hauv lub qus sawv los qhuav apricots. Chlorella - ua active cov nqaijrog, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins nrog yooj yim changeable piv ntawm cov tebchaw. Cov tib kab lis kev cai ntawm kev hloov lub loj hlob tej yam kev mob biomass tej zaum yuav tau nrog ib tug cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov proteins uas ntawm ntawm 9 mus rau 88%, carbohydrate - los ntawm 6 mus rau 37%, thiab muaj roj - los ntawm 4 mus rau 85%. Noj haus 1 kg ntawm biomass yog 4-5 kg ntawm kua protein yog sib npaug mus rau ib tug protein ntawm qhuav mis nyuj los yog nqaij. Chlorella kho tsiaj los ntawm avitaminoses thiab ntau yam hnyuv kab mob.

Thaum uas siv cov cultivators rov qab yog 1-2 lub hlis. Ntau sau qoob technology pub rau siv raws li cov kab lis kev cai nruab nrab kua quav, pov tseg ua liaj ua teb cov khoom thiab cov flue gases raws li ib tug qhov chaw ntawm carbon dioxide thiab lwm yam zoo xws tej kev kawm. Nyob rau hauv kaw cia sib Chlorella productivity ntawm 100-40 g ntawm qhuav tshuaj yeeb dej caw rau ib 1 m ² ib hnub twg, uas sib raug rau 360-500 m / ha. Qhov nruab nrab productivity nyob rau hauv qhib-hom nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv tej yam ntuj tso teeb rau hauv lub chav 14-35 g / m² ib hnub twg. Nyob rau hauv tej yam ntuj tso dej Chlorella zoo kev lom lwm cov dej phwj rau thiab kab mob pas dej, uas tso cai rau koj los lub ecosystem ntawm cov reservoirs rau ntuj theem.

Ib tug raug cog rau cov sau qoob rau Chlorella nyob rau ua liaj ua teb los yog tsiaj nyeg complex feem ntau muaj rau hauv daim ntawm ib tug tsev cog khoom chav tsev thiab muaj kuaj rau hauv qhuav thiab kuaj kev npaj ntawm lub as tshuaj. Nws yuav tsum tau borne nyob rau hauv lub siab hais tias txoj kev siv cov seaweed nyob rau hauv khoom noj khoom haus yuav tsum tau ntsuas qhov kev siv ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv feeb meej daim ntawv tej zaum yuav thuam lub zoo ntawm cov tsiaj cov khoom.

Tshiab thiab tus hluas thiab pub pab. Algae. Nyob rau hauv peb cov dej muaj ob hom ntawm duckweed - trilobal thiab me me. Qhov no perennial yog heev me me, branching nroj tsuag, siab submerged nyob rau hauv dej. Vegetatively propagated, nyob rau hauv ib tug heev luv luv lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm yuav tag npog qhov chaw ntawm sawv dej. Noj cov khoom uas zoo tshuaj yaj nyob rau hauv dej, noj lawv nyob thoob plaws nws saum npoo. Lub caij ntuj no, ntog nrog qhov pib ntawm txias huab cua nyob rau hauv qab ntawm reservoirs. Duckweed muaj cov nqaijrog, vitamins, mineral ntsev. Nws tau ntev tau siv nyob rau hauv noj ntawm nqaij qaib thiab npua. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm ib tug ntau ntawm ntsuab duckweed me ntsis ncuav bran (bran) thiab hmoov. Tsis contraindications rau siv nyob rau hauv lub noj ntawm lwm yam tsiaj raws li ib tug additive rau lub yooj yim pub.

Muaj qus nroj tsuag uas yog haum rau noj, xws li muaj nqis xws haib qus hom xws li quinoa kis, willow-tshuaj ntsuab, nettle, thiab ntau lwm tus neeg.

Atriplex patula thaum lawv tseem cim ntawm siab txias kuj nrog lub siab tshaj plaws tsim photosynthesis, yog tsim nyog ntawm txoj kev tshawb nyob rau hauv ib tug ntxiv pub qhov chaw. Nyob rau hauv lub ntsuab ib feem ntawm cov nroj tsuag muaj ascorbic acid (150 mg%), carotene (10 mg%), cov nqaijrog (los ntawm 10 mus rau 30%), cov rog (los ntawm 0.4 mus 2.2%), fiber (9.3 rau 39 , 2%), betaine (1.22%).

Cov noj nqi ntawm nettle yog tias nrog tib yam tseem ceeb ntawm kev loj hlob nws yuav muab kev pab tsim tau rau 1.5-2.0 lub sij hawm siab tshaj tsoos cov qoob loo, sau kom loj hlob ntawm ntsuab loj ntawm 20-25 hnub los ua ntej, yog li ntawd koj yuav siv nws nyob rau hauv lub ntsuab conveyor system. Raws li high-tawm los thiab high-qib pub nws kab lis kev cai yog zus nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws. Nrog txhua inoculated txhua txhua 8-10 xyoo hectare tau rau 800-1000 c. / Ha, nyob irrigation ntau ntsuab loj. Cov khoom noj nqi ntawm cov nettle yog tsis inferior taum cov qoob loo. Nettle yog siv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov infusions, decoctions, hay, haylage thiab ntxiv mus rau lub silos. Nws tsub kom cov mis nyuj ntau lawm thiab qhov hnyav nce nyob rau hauv nyuj thiab noog tsub kom lub qe ntau lawm. Nettles yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau cov pub rau npua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cev xeeb tub menyuam. Tab sis, nco ntsoov tias pub huv nettle, tom qab 6-12 teev cia yuav ua rau lom vim tsub zuj zuj ntawm nitrates.

Amaranth rau 8000 xyoo lawm ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab cov qoob loo nyob rau hauv South America thiab Mexico, nrog rau cov noob taum thiab pob kws. Amaranth -. Yog ib tug txhua xyoo herbaceous nroj, uas nws qhov siab yuav mus txog 2.5-4 m panicle ntawm kom loj hlob muaj ib tug ntev ntawm 30 cm thiab txoj kab uas hla 15 cm panicle suab nce mus txog 1 kg .. Amaranth noob yog heev me me, zoo ib yam li cov nplej ntawm cov xuab zeb, mus txog 500 txhiab. Ib tug tib panicle. Lis amaranth ua noob, tus yam ntxwv thiab cov khoom zoo ib yam li cereals, txawm li cas los, vim hais tias nws tsis yog mus rau lub tsev neeg ntawm cereals, nws yog hu ua psevdozlakom. Tshaj ib nrab amaranth cov nqaijrog comprise albumins thiab globulins nrog ib tug kuas amino acid muaj pes tsawg leeg. Amaranth noob muaj nyob rau nruab nrab 15-17% protein, 5-8% roj thiab 3,7-5,7% ntawm fiber, uas yog siab tshaj uas ntawm feem ntau cereals (protein cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv maize yog 10-12,6% roj - 4,6-6,7, nplej protein - 9-14, Sibhawm - 1,1-3,4%). Vim tus tseem ceeb cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov amino acid lysine, uas yog lub protein ntawm amaranth yog ob zaug siab tshaj uas ntawm nplej, thiab peb lub sij hawm tshaj qhov ntawd li ntawm maize thiab sorghum, thiab txawm piv rau tus nqi ntawm cov kua thiab nyuj cov kua mis, cov protein zoo ntawm amaranth yog xav tau heev . Yog hais tias zoo meej kwv yees protein (xws li cov qe) yog 100 ntsiab lus, cov mis nyuj protein casein yuav muaj 72 cov ntsiab lus, kua - 68, nplej - 58 Pob kws - 44, thiab amaranth - 75 ntsiab lus. Yog li, vim lawv lom yam ntxwv ntawm amaranth yog nthuav ntau tshaj qhov ze competitor - taum pauv, thiab zus tau tej cov protein cov khoom los ntawm amaranth uas tsis tshua kim tshaj kua. Qhov loj kev sib tw kom zoo dua ntawm amaranth protein concentrates yog lawv naturalness thiab ib tug kuas amino acid muaj pes tsawg leeg.

Transom amaranth raws li ib tug ntsuab loj los yog grain siv los tsim silage, nyob rau hauv qhuav ntawm vitamin A thiab hmoov granules. Ntsuab loj ntawm zoo noj tag nrho cov tsiaj. Introduction to amaranth noj cov zaub mov pab txoj kev muaj nuj nqis thiab zoo tshaj ntawm cov khoom thiab txo nws tus nqi. Loo amaranth yog 35-60 t / his ntawm grain thiab ib tug tshaj plaws uas mus txog rau 2000 kg / his ntawm biomass. Amaranth yog suav tias yog lub feem ntau kim thiab high-protein pub, ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv tshiab thiab silage, herbal hmoov los yog granules. Silage yuav noj tag nrho cov xyoo puag ncig. Ntsuab loj los ntawm Lub Xya hli ntuj mus txog rau thaum tus thawj frosts. Cov sib tov ntawm cov pob kws silage thiab amaranth nyob rau hauv ib tug 1: 1 protein cov ntsiab lus, muab piv nrog cov pob kws silage tsub kom 1.32 lub sij hawm, ntau tsub kom tus nqi ntawm cov lwm yam uas yuav tsum tau tej tsiaj txhu: lysine, calcium thiab phosphorus.

Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas rau sowing yuav tsum tau tsuas 0.5-1 kg ntawm noob rau ib 1 ha. Rau sowing nplej nws xav tau kev pab ib tug nruab nrab ntawm 200 kg, thiab pob kws - 50 1 kg ntawm grain ib hectare. Heev teb thiab undemanding mus rau lub kab lis kev cai ntawm agro-kev ntsuas. Ib tug zoo kev tivthaiv rau ntsuab conveyor, nrog rau rape.

Rape - cruciferous nroj (qhwv). Qhov no oilseed thiab protein qoob loo muaj zoo khoom noj khoom haus thiab pub tus nqi. Nyob rau hauv ntau lub respects, superior rau ntau ntau lwm yam rape cov qoob loo. Nws cov noob muaj 40-48% roj thiab 25-30% protein. Txawm li cas los, lub plhaub rapeseed resistant rau digestive enzymes thiab tej yam ntuj tso thaum uas siv cov cav ntoo tag nrho grain noj nyuj nws mus rau 30% transits los ntawm cov hnyuv ib ntsuj av.

Rape - lub universal fodder qoob loo. Nws muaj peev xwm yuav ntse cultivated nyob rau hauv yuav luag tag nrho cov climatic ib ncig chaw ntawm lub teb chaws.

Siv ib tug ob peb yam yooj yim cov kev cai koj yuav tsum tsis txhob tau digestive mob. Lawv muaj xws li nyob rau hauv lub fact tias nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom muab ib tug ntsuab loj rape yoo mov, tom qab los nag los yog lwg. Nws yuav tsum tau maj mam accustomed mus noj nyuj rape zelenki raws lub marginal nqi ntawm pub, nyob ntawm seb lub hom ntawm cov tsiaj thiab nws muaj hnub nyoog. Ntsuab loj rape rau lub caij nplooj zeeg noj yog ib qho tseem ceeb, nws ncua mus rau tag nrho cov ntsuab conveyor mob loj heev pre-lub caij ntuj no. Ntsuab loj rapeseed yuav muab tag nrho cov hom ntawm cov tsiaj, thiab lub hnub koob tshuaj ntawm cov mis nyuj nyuj raws li lawv tsim tau rau nce mus rau 20-25 kg. Rape theem kub sau mus rau - 7 degrees, thiab tseem vam. Tsuas yog vim lub caij nplooj zeeg pub ntsuab loj rape thaum lub sij hawm 60-70 lub caij nplooj zeeg hnub yuav ua rau kom lub tawm los ntawm 100-150 litres ib nyuj. Tshwj xeeb yog tseem ceeb heev rapeseed nyob rau hauv qhuav xyoo, thaum nws compensates rau hauv lub poob ntawm grain thiab pub, thiab nws tua cov qoob loo yuav tsum sown thoob plaws lub Xya hli ntuj. Thiab cov piv txwv ntawm lub collective ua liaj ua teb "Collective ua liaj ua teb Lis" Kirov cheeb tsam tsis mus tsuag tsuag nrog rapeseed plowing tom qab ntxawm nws rau oilseeds, nws muab ib tug nplua nuj ntaug.

Rau pub cov tsiaj thiab cov noog yuav siv nyom, noob, noj mov, zoo ncuav thiab butter. Ntsuab loj rape nyom thiab lwm yam cruciferous cov qoob loo: colza, qos liab, Tiphon, ntse siv nyob rau hauv lub noj ntawm nyuj thiab npua. Nyom cruciferous muaj ib theem siab ntawm protein li taum, tab sis 10% tsawg dua roj (15% vs. 25%). Cov feem ntau ntxim siab feature yog lawv muaj peev xwm crucifers tsim ib tug tag nrho cov sau ntawm ntsuab loj nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav (ua ntej rye) thiab pozdneosenny (kom txog thaum te -8S0) sij hawm, uas zoo heev ncua lub sij hawm ntawm ntsuab conveyor. Tseem ceeb yog lub tom ntej no feature. piv ntawm calcium rau phosphorus nyob rau hauv cov pluas noj rau cov tsiaj yuav tsum tau 1.2-2 rau 1. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv hom yooj yim fodder thiab grain by-cov khoom ntawm lawv ua, on qhov tsis tooj, lub phosphorus theem 3-8 lub sij hawm siab tshaj lub theem ntawm calcium. Qhov no rog muab nyob rau hauv rations chalk, plhaub los yog lwm yam calcium uas muaj cov ntaub ntawv uas. Txawm li cas los, cwj mem av dawb, tau txais mus rau hauv lub plab ntawm npua thiab nqaij qaib, muaj ruaj neutralizes acidity, uas impairs lub plab zom mov ntawm cov as-ham thiab yeej txhawb txoj kev loj hlob ntawm pathogenic microorganisms nyob rau hauv txoj hnyuv ib ntsuj av. Cov tib rape fodder khoom piv ntawm calcium rau phosphorus ntawm 0.9: 1, uas muaj peev xwm txo tau cov rations muab nyob rau hauv chalk los yog limestone.

Cov uas tsis yog-txwm cov zaub mov nroj tsuag, uas muab siab tawm los nyob rau hauv txawv agro-climatic ib ncig chaw siv artichoke. Yeluxalees artichoke yog ib lub tsev rau North America. Nyob rau hauv Russia, qhov no kab lis kev cai tuaj nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XVII nyob rau hauv ob txoj kev: los ntawm teb chaws Europe thiab Tuam Tshoj. Qhov no yog ib tug perennial tuberous cog ntawm cov genus Sunflower tsev neeg Asteraceae. Yeluxalees artichoke qhia tau hais tias high tsim tau nyob rau hauv thawj tsib ceg tom qab cog rau hauv lub tubers. Yeluxalees artichoke kuj muaj ib tug heev tshaj ntsuab loj nyob rau hauv lig Autumn, thaum lub botanical muaj pes tsawg leeg vegetatiruyuschih nroj tsuag zoo heev txo. Saum toj no qhov nruab nrab loo ntawm tubers 40-50 t / ha, saum - 30 t / ha. Cov tubers ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg sau heev heev khaws cia. Jerusalem artichokes yog feem ntau dug li raws li yuav tsum tau, raws li nyob rau hauv lub hauv av nws khaws cia rau zoo tshaj plaws, tab sis thaum daus Winters nws tsis yooj yim thiab frosts nyob rau hauv -40C. Ntsuab loj tua nyob rau hauv lig Cuaj hlis los yog thaum ntxov Lub kaum hli ntuj nog harvester los yog tshuab xiav nyom lawn nrog pick-up. Thaum siv artichoke 2-3 xyoo xwb raws li ib tug ntsuab loj, rau zus tau tej cov quav nyab, silage los yog hmoov, lub stems raug txiav ob zaug - tus thawj lub sij hawm ib tug nroj qhov siab ntawm 80-100 cm 6-10 cm saum toj no rau hauv qab khub ntawm nplooj, uas loj hlob los ntawm lub axils ntawm lub stems dua thiab lub thib ob - los ntawm lub kawg ntawm lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj mus txog rau thaum te.

Raws li cov amino acid muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm ib tug ntsuab loj thiab lub tuber ntawm lub nroog Yeluxalees artichoke yog ib tug biologically nqi khoom noj khoom haus. Khoom noj khoom haus tubers 0,23-0,29 korm.ed. Lub protein cov ntsiab lus yog nyob rau nruab nrab 3.2% nyob rau hauv ib tug qhuav tshuaj yeeb dej caw uas muaj 16 cov amino acids, uas 9 - qhov tseem ceeb. Qhov no nroj tsuag yog ib tug multivitamin nrog ib tug zoo mineral muaj pes tsawg leeg. Zoo siab hlo noj artichoke yuav luag tag nrho cov tsiaj nyob rau hauv lub ua liaj ua teb los yog neeg pluag ua liaj ua teb - nyuj, nees, tshis, yaj, npua, thiab Attendance zoo siab hlo lawv noj thiab yav toj txiav thiab cov hauv paus hniav. Nws qhov chaw nyob nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws thiab tej liaj teb - koom haum pab fodder qoob loo nrog uas tsis muaj nqi (Ob leeg monetary thiab "ua hauj lwm"). Nws muab, firstly, kev siv ntawm marginal av, phim qhov chaw siab tshaj. Ob, pub lub sij hawm them los ntawm lub nroog Yeluxalees artichoke yog ob lub hlis nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg, caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab peb lub hlis - tsib lub hlis, tsis yog li ntawd me ntsis, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog xav tias yuav zoo li cas nws lub hlis!

Tsawg cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv lub nroog Yeluxalees artichoke tej yam tshuaj lom yog ib qho tseem ceeb zoo ntawm ib tug muab kab lis kev cai.

Nyuj parsnip Sosnowski - Qhov ntev-kawg nkaus thiab high-tawm los qoob loo. Cov tawm los ntawm ntsuab loj hogweed yog siab tshaj uas ntawm pob kws, nws cov ntaub ntawv aboveground biomass mus txog 2000 kg / ha. Ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj yog kev siv ntawm perennial plantations hogweed thiab cheapness ntawm nws cov sau qoob (tsis muaj txhua xyoo ntau kim agropriomov). Ib tug wealth ntawm hogweed biomass protein, cov vitamins, minerals, suab thaj (uas saib kuas zoo silage), ua rau cov kab lis kev cai txaus nyiam mus ntau teb.

Zaum muaj ntau botanical tsev nyob rau hauv lub 60 tus lawv coj ib feem nyob rau hauv ib tug loj-scale thiab multi-xyoo los ua kom paub nyuj parsnip Sosnowski nyob rau hauv ua liaj ua teb coj raws li ib tug fodder nroj tsuag. Txawm li cas los, nws twb xav tias, tom qab nws cov menyuamuas nyob rau hauv lub pub awd, nqaij los ntawm cov tsiaj nrhiav ib tug peculiar tsw thiab iab mis nyuj, ua unfit rau tib neeg noj. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias tus nyuj parsnip ntxim rau ntxiv lawm tshob ntawm nyuj.

Hogweed nyob txhoj puab heev tsob nroj, ib zaug nkag tau rau hauv lub teb thiab pom lawv tus kheej tsis muaj kev tu, nws pib mus rau kis thiab coj tag nrho muaj chaw seem. nyuj parsnip tau tam sim no ua ib tug tiag tiag kev hem thawj thiab poses ib tug kev hem thawj rau lub ecological tshuav nyiaj li cas ntawm lub cev, tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv Russia, tiam sis kuj nyob rau hauv ib co European lub teb chaws.

Tag nrho cov teeb meem txuam nrog rau Hogweed mas txog xwb rau ib hom, "tus tsim txom" roadsides thiab tsis saib tsis xyuas teb - Sosnowski nyuj parsnip (Heracleum sosnowskiy). Thaum lub sij hawm loj hlob rau lub caij nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm hogweed nroj tsuag noog Photodynamic ua si ntawm lub furokumariny. Lawv kev sib cuag nrog cov tawv nqaij tau nyob rau hauv sib sib zog nqus dermatitis, kub nyhiab dua los ntawm hom. Ntev li txuam nrog ntawm coumarin nyob rau hauv tib neeg ua rau tus kab mob hu ua vitiligo.

Rau tsiaj pub los ntawm cowparsnip nyob rau hauv kev mob loj tshaj pub nws yuav siv tau ob qho tib si raws li hay los yog hmoov mixtures thiab nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm silage. Nws yuav muab kev pom zoo nyob rau hauv niaj hnub xyaum raws li ib tug ntxiv fodder qoob loo rau qab raws li nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov ntsoos ntsoos los ntawm cov khoom noj ua ntej slaughter. Nyuj parsnip silage txiav nyom ua ntej flowering. Yuav kom siv tau ib greenish loj ntawm cov nyom noj mov nws yog muab tshem tawm raws li yuav tsum tau Nog harvesters. Thaum tu hogweed yuav tsum tau siv kev ceev faj, hnav khaub ncaws tiv thaiv. Nws yog nruj me ntsis txwv tsis pub manually leveled greenish loj ntawm hogweed nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm chaw thau khoom.

Ntsuab loj nplua nuj nyob rau hauv qab zib. qab zib cov ntsiab lus ntau tshaj cov uas yuav tsum tau yam tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm silage los ntawm 2-2.5 lub sij hawm, nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog rau qhov no nyuj parsnip yuav Txhab nrog dab tsi trudnosilosuyuschimisya tab sis feem ntau cov nroj tsuag nrog straw txiav, hauv lub aftermath ntawm perennial grasses thiab al., uas ntxiv 10-15% los ntawm ceeb thawj.

Reed muaj tus loj tshaj tus nqi noj haus rau nqe lus hais txog. Lub 100 kg ntawm pas nrig hay ua ntej flowering muaj (qhuav tshuaj yeeb dej caw) 44 pub. u thiab 3.9% ntawm digestible protein, nyob rau hauv 1 kg ntawm ntsuab hnyav - los ntawm 33,1 rau 51,5 mg carotene. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm no pas nrig muaj tsawg fiber ntau thiab BEV (polysaccharides) tshaj nyob rau hauv tom ntej lub sij hawm ntawm lub loj hlob rau lub caij. Qhov siab tshaj plaws deposition ntawm polysaccharides los ntawm pas nrig yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw thaum lub sij hawm nws flowering.

Qhuav tsiaj tej khoom noj. Kws txawj ntawm ua liaj ua teb nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no los ntawm lub sij hawm immemorial, yog ua hauj lwm los tsim txoj kev zoo rau cov nqi noj haus ntawm tsawg tus nqi pub: straw, bran, husk, thiab tshaj. Qhov tseem siv tau thiab yog ib tug tseem ceeb lawm straw. Straw lub caij ntuj no thiab caij nplooj ntoos hlav nplej, lub caij ntuj no rye thiab ntxhib, muaj ib tug tsis muaj zog -0,16-0,22 noj haus pub. u 1 kg thiab tsis zoo noj los ntawm cov tsiaj. Kev kho mob ntawm straw lub cev los yog tshuaj txhais tau tias (liquefied ammonia, txiv qaub, caustic dej qab zib) muab ib tug tseem ceeb nce (2.5-3.0 sij hawm) nws palatability thiab nce nyob rau hauv 1,3-2,8 lub sij hawm noj haus zog. Cov noj nqi ntawm pias straw, barley, oats, grasses noob qis, tshwj xeeb yog cocksfoot, taum mog thiab Viki Yarovoy siab zog noj haus cov zaub mov yog 0,31-0,40. u thaum cov ntsiab lus ntawm 16,0-35,0 g ntawm nyoos protein ib 1 kg. Tab sis los txhim kho lub palatability thiab digestibility ntawm noj cov zaub mov as pub ntaub ntawv nws yog advisable mus raug lub cev kev kho mob txoj kev - milling, nws nrog cov concentrate, nrog zoo txau hluas li silage, beet pulp thiab lwm yam, raws li tau zoo raws li biologically kom nquag plias thiab mineral additives ..

Nyob rau hauv lub qhaj ntawv ntawm cov mixers siv cov thawv ntoo 1,5x1,5x1,5 m. Straw tej stacked nyob rau hauv khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm 45-50 cm ces sprinkled los yog nchuav additive concentrates thiab mixed. Cov sib tov yog qhuav straw concentrates zaparivayut dej kub (75-80 ° C) rau 100 litres ib 1 q straw. Nyob rau hauv 100 litres dej feem ntau yaj 2 kg ntawm ntsev. Thaum siv nyob rau hauv niam zib suab thaj yog tsim nyog los mus txiav txim cov ntsiab lus ntawm qab zib nyob rau hauv nws los mus tiv thaiv lub straw glut qab zib. Ua ntej nws nrog straw zib suab thaj yog yaj nyob rau hauv dej kub nyob rau hauv ib tug ratio ntawm 1: 3; 1: 4 los ntawm qhov nyhav thiab xeem nyob rau tus nqi ntawm 100 litres ib 1 q straw. Yuav kom tsis txhob muaj cov crude fiber digestibility ntawm straw nyob rau hauv 100 litres ntawm diluted zib suab thaj tsim nyog yuav ua rau 4-5 kg ntawm urea. Ib tug sib tov ntawm straw thiab zib suab thaj sib tov thiab tawm rau ib nrab ib teev mus rau kos. Nyob rau hauv compiling kormosmesej xav txog thiab straw zoo. Rough nqi tsawg lub caij ntuj no hom qoob mog straw thiab rye siv tsis tau ntau tshaj li 45% ntawm tag nrho cov luj ntawm lub sib tov. Nws muab cov nyuj yog tas rau 5 kg ib hnub twg. Straw millet, barley, oats, taum mog, noob qis grasses yuav muaj txog li 55-60% ntawm tag nrho cov luj ntawm lub sib tov. Lub tsev pheeb suab no straw on ib tug qhuav admissible nyob rau hauv lub chav 7-8 kg ib nyuj ib hnub twg.

Concentrated pub thiab additives  

Cov noob ntawm grasses thiab ntxhov nroj tsuag muaj peev xwm pab cawm ib tug ntau kim pub. Koj muaj peev xwm sau lub noob ntawm qus tshuaj ntsuab: quinoa, sorrel, nettles, barnyardgrass, nas taum mog, bindweed, sharitsy, burdock, camelina, Qib, Manica. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov noob thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntoo :. Oak, chestnut, beech, Basswood, elm, tshauv, daj acacia, tshauv, elderberry, viburnum, hawthorn, qhwv ntsej Birch li al acorns thiab nees chestnut yuav noj rau ua liaj ua teb cov tsiaj ob leeg nyob rau cov nqaij nyoos lub xeev raws li ua ntej soaking thiab kev sib tsoo, raws li zoo raws li ib tug noj mov. Zoo yuav tsum tau zom lawv mus rau hauv cov hmoov nplej ntxhib, uas yuav siv tau nyob rau hauv ib tug sib tov nrog poob nplooj los yog quav nyab. Ib kg ntawm qhuav tag nrho los yog as nrog plhaub thiab muaj 1.15 cupule acorns pub. u, vim hais tias ntawm no nws yog tsis yooj yim sua rau overfeed cov tsiaj raws li noj zaub mov muaj roj thiab carbohydrates. Muaj tsim nyog pom zoo.

Muaj ntau ntau qhov chaw uas tsis yog-pa pub kev pab thiab cov tom hav zoov yog cov feem ntau pheej yig thiab lub achievements ntawm science thiab xyaum cia peb xav txog lub pov tseg ntoo raws li ib tug pheej qhov chaw ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv rau zus tau tej cov ntau yam ntawm pub khoom thiab additives, nyob rau hauv uas cov tsiaj nyeg xav tau kev pab.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias tsis yog-txwm cov zaub mov, rau qhov cov dej num, kawm lawv muaj pes tsawg leeg, tus nqi noj haus, cov tswv yim rau kev siv nyob rau hauv cov kev siv thiab kev ntaub ntawv. Lub tshuab thiab kev cai lij choj thiab kev lub hauv paus rau muab tag nrho cov saum toj no fodder, kev cov khoom feem ntau ua hauj lwm muaj peev xwm them taus yuav luag txhua enterprise.