TsimSecondary kev kawm ntawv thiab cov tsev kawm ntawv

Uas tectonic qauv nplooj siab Lavxias teb sab tiaj? Tectonics thiab topography ntawm Lavxias teb sab Tiaj

Lub lossis loj cheeb tsam ntawm forests ntawm lub Pechora thiab Karelian taiga, ntoo qhib kis mus rau nruab nrab band, uas muaj xws li tshav nyom grain barns thiab pastures tundra - qhov no tag nrho cheeb tsam - tsis yog hais tias lwm yam, raws li cov Lavxias teb sab tiaj. Daim ntawv qhia ntawm peb lub teb chaws tuaj yuav qhia tau hais tias cov pawg neeg thaj av yog ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm lub zos thiab lub zos, thiab yog li ntawd lawv yog cov feem ntau densely populated.

Lavxias teb sab los yog sab hnub tuaj nyob sab Europe Tiaj pom ib tug ntau tshaj txhiab-xyoo keeb kwm ntawm Russia. Nws tau txais kev pab raws li ib tug teb rau lub liberation battles, nws mus los ntawm lub Tatar-Mongols, lub troops ntawm Napoleon thiab Hitler. Nws yog nyob rau no tiaj unfolded grandiose revolutionary txheej xwm. Nws kuj tau tso qhov yooj yim siv ntawm ib tug socialist zej zog. Thiab mus txog rau thaum tam sim no hauv cheeb tsam no yog ib qho tseem ceeb nyiaj txiag yog ib feem ntawm Russia.

geography

East European Tiaj yog nyob rau hauv lub loj heev ib ncig. Nyob rau hauv nws cheeb tsam, nws yog zaum ob tsuas yog mus rau lub Amazon. Nws av pib los ntawm lub ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm lub hiav txwv Baltic thiab cuag rau lub roob ranges ntawm lub Urals, los ntawm cov dawb Hiav txwv thiab lub Barents Hiav txwv mus rau lub Caspian thiab Azov.

Lub thaj chaw ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab Tiaj yog xws li hais tias nws muaj kev nkag tau mus rau ob dej hiav txwv.

Nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb-sab ntawm no cheeb tsam yog tsuas yog siv rau lub Scandinavian roob. Nyob rau hauv sab qab teb-sab hnub poob thiab sab hnub poob nws nce mus txog tus caj ntawm Central teb chaws Europe thiab lub Carpathians. Yuav ua li cas lwm tus yog cov roob nyob rau ciam ntawm lub teb chaws nyob los ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab tiaj? Daim ntawv qhia qhia qhov chaw nyob rau hauv sab qab teb Caucasus, lub Urals thiab Mogodzhary - nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, ib ncig ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab tiaj xaus ntawm lub sab qaum teb ko taw ntawm lub Crimean Toj siab nyob rau hauv lub Crimean ceg av qab teb. No tag nrho cheeb tsam ntawm plaub lab square meters. Qhov no yog ntau tshaj li ob thiab ib tug ib nrab txhiab kilometers ntawm sab qaum teb mus rau sab qab teb, thiab ib txhiab - los ntawm sab hnub tuaj mus rau sab hnub poob.

Lub thaj chaw ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab Tiaj yog xws li hais tias nws loj loj yog nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab Federation. Ntxiv mus, ntawm no yog nyob lub teb chaws xws li Latvia thiab Belarus, Estonia, Lithuania, Ukraine thiab Moldova, Poland thiab Finland, Bulgaria thiab Romania, thiab Kazakhstan.

nyem

Nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub East European Tiaj nyob toj, lub siab tshaj plaws qhov siab - los ntawm 200 mus rau 300 meters saum toj no hiav txwv theem. Muaj kuj yog ib tug lowland nrog to lawv loj dej ntws. Qhov siab ntawm lub tiaj yog pom nyob rau hauv Urals, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv Bugulma-Veremeevskoy toj. Ntawm no nws nce mus txog rau theem ntawm kev 479 m. Qhov nruab nrab qhov siab ntawm cov theem ntawm tag nrho cov chaw uas zoo heev ntawm lub tiaj yog nyob ib ncig ntawm 170 meters.

Hauj lwm thiab kev faib ntawm lwm yam uas qhia tau nyem koom Nroj tsuag. Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm lub ntsiab lus, uas muaj xws li geography. Lavxias teb sab Tiaj rau ntawm thaj chaw, uas yog piav Nroj tsuag, yog muab faib ua peb bands - lub hauv paus, sab qaum teb thiab yav qab teb. Nyob rau hauv lub Thawj zaug ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab tiaj, koj yuav saib tau xws li ib tug toj: Volga, Central Lavxias teb sab, Bugulma-Belebey thiab General Sirt. Lawv sib cais los ntawm txhua lwm yam Tsawg Volga thiab Oka-Don lowland.

Qhov nruab nrab band

Koom Haum Niam ntawm Lavxias teb sab Tiaj nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb sawb ntawm feem ntau tsis tshua muaj-dag. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv ib txhia qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam singly los yog nyob rau hauv me me garlands tawg khiav ri niab me me toj. Nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia los ntawm sab hnub poob mus rau sab hnub tuaj thiab sab qaum teb-sab hnub tuaj yog lwm Smolensk thiab Moscow, raws li zoo raws li lub Valdai toj thiab ridges ntawm lub sab qaum teb Zone. Los ntawm lawv ib cheeb tsam yog ib tug watershed ntawm lub Arctic, North, Atlantic, raws li zoo raws li txhuav lub puab Aral-Caspian phiab. Nws yog noteworthy uas los ntawm sab qaum teb ridges mus rau lub Barents thiab dawb seas, muaj ib co yuav txo tau nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub nras.

Nyob rau hauv lub thib peb, lub yav qab teb sawb muaj ntau heev heev lowland. Ntawm lawv, Cov Dub hiav txwv, Caspian thiab lwm tus neeg. Lawv sib cais los ntawm cov uas tsis muaj elevations (Stavropolskaya Ergeni thiab t. D.).

Ib suam ntawm tectonic lug

Nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb ua kiav txhab muaj chaw loj loj uas nws ib thaj tsam yog sib sib zog nqus faults. Qhov no yog qhov tectonic lug. Lawv kawm ib daim geological science. Nws lub npe - tectonics. Qhov no kev qhuab qhia txog kev nyob rau hauv ob qho loj lug uas yog nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb ua kiav txhab. Qhov no platform, raws li zoo raws li lub mus siv. Tus thawj ntawm cov chaw no yog ruaj khov, muaj ib tug ca saum npoo. Platforms yog twb nyob rau hauv av puas lawm daim ntau quav tso lug. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm lawv muaj ib tug ob-txheej qauv. Yog li, nyob rau hauv lub qis ib feem ntawm lub platform yog crystalline puag uas yog tsim ntawm lub qub sawmills. Saum toj no no txheej yog ib tug sedimentary cover. Koom nyob rau hauv nws tsim coj tom qab deposits. Tectonics allocates slabs thiab laug cam rau lub platform. Tus thawj sawv daws yuav yog cov cheeb tsam uas lub hauv paus lus dag nkaus rau lub qhov tob, them los ntawm sedimentary cover. Khoom crystalline feem yog cov tib lub hauv paus, tsa saum toj no cov av saum npoo. Muaj kuj yog ib tug sedimentary cover. Txawm li cas los, nws tsis yog tas mus li thiab muaj hwj huam.

Nrog kev xav txog cov rooj noj siv, nws yog ib qho elongated feem nyob rau hauv lub kiav txhab, nyob rau hauv uas lub cheeb tsam mus txog rau lub sij hawm tam sim kawm ntawv ntxiv dab.

Raws li nyob rau hauv no kev faib tawm, mus rau ib tug tectonic qauv nplooj siab Lavxias teb sab tiaj? Ntawm cov hoob kawm, tus thawj pab pawg neeg, uas yog, mus rau lub platforms.


Lub keeb kwm ntawm tshwm sim

Lub hauv paus ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab Tiaj yog ib qho ancient platform. Uas yog vim li cas lub nyem ntawm qhov cheeb tsam muaj mas lowland. Cov tsim ntawm xws li ib tug loj heev lub teb chaws tau nws cov cawv, ntau tej yam ntuj tso yam. Qhov no cua, dej thiab glaciers.

Lub hauv paus ntawm lub East European platform nyob rau ntawm txawv depths. Tsuas yog ntawm Karelia thiab cov Kola ceg av qab teb nws nkag mus rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Qhov no cheeb tsam yog hu ua lub Baltic ntaub thaiv npog. Nws yog txuam nrog cov keeb kwm Hibin pov tseg rau hauv lub Kola ceg av qab teb. Nyob rau hauv lub so ntawm lub hauv paus yog siv lub sedimentary cover, uas muaj ib tug txawv lub hwj chim.
Tag nrho elevations uas nyob rau ntawm sab hnub tuaj nyob sab Europe Tiaj, tsim ib platform troughs los yog nyob rau hauv tus ntawm ib tug glacier, los yog tuaj tos ntawm lub hauv paus.


Nyhuv ntawm tectonic daim hlau ntawm lub toj roob hauv pes

Lavxias teb sab tiaj muaj ib tug raug platform nyem. Nrog rau tag nrho nws cov lowlands thiab uplands yog tectonic keeb kwm. Yuav ua li cas yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm no platform? Uas tectonic qauv nplooj siab Lavxias teb sab tiaj?

Cov tag nrho ntawm lub teb chaws yeej los ntawm tiaj struts. Thiab nws yog tag nrho ua tsaug rau cov tectonic qauv, uas muaj ib tug dawb platform. Tag nrho cov hauv paus irregularities coj mus rau tsim ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws lowland thiab ib co toj. Piv txwv li, raising lub hauv paus ntawm Voronezh yog qhov ua rau ntawm lub Central Lavxias teb sab upland. Tej lub platform tau coj mus rau lub rov tshwm sim ntawm lub qhov tsua thiab lub Caspian kev nyuaj siab.

Tectonic qauv ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab Tiaj nyob rau ntau lub teb chaws qhia tau hais tias lub Precambrian crystalline phaj nrog lub hauv paus. Yav qab teb cheeb tsam nyob rau sab qaum teb ntug ntawm lub Scythian phaj dag rau Paleozoic daim ntau quav tso hauv qab daus. Qhov no qauv muab ib tug ntau leej lo lus teb rau cov nqe lus nug raws li uas cov tectonic qauv ntawm cov siab Lavxias teb sab tiaj. Lub ciam teb ntawm ob daim hlau tsis cuam tshuam rau struts.

Tus qauv ntawm lub tectonic strata

Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias cov kev cim ntawm lub chaw uas zoo heev yog tiaj, nyob rau hauv nws nyem muaj ob lowland thiab upland. Cov kev tshab txhais rau qhov no yuav muaj nyob rau hauv lub tectonic nta ntawm Lavxias teb sab Tiaj. Qhov tseeb hais tias nws cov qauv yog ua kev thiab tsis zoo tib cim ntawm kev kawm txoj kev kawm taw. Nyob rau xeem closer nws zoo nkaus li uas lub platform qab lub Lavxias teb sab tiaj, muaj me me ntsiab. Lawv yog:
- boards;
- anteklizy sawv cev qhov chaw ntawm ntiav foundation;
- syncline cov chaw glei Precambrian qab daus yog nyob rau ntawm ib tug tob.

anteclise

Qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov ntsiab muaj nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ib feem ntawm Lavxias teb sab phaj. Qhov no yog qhov Volga-Urals thiab Voronezh anticline. Raws li ib feem ntawm cov thawj ntawm lawv yog cov loj nqa (vaults) thiab kev nyuaj siab. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, thickness ntawm sediments yog hais txog 800 meters.

Lub ib ncig ntawm lub Voronezh anticline maj descends ntawm lub sab qaum teb. Nyob rau saum npoo ntawm nws lub hauv paus yog nyias nyob rau hauv nws cov thickness deposition ntawm cov pa roj carbon, thiab cov Devonian ordovika. Nyob rau ib tug ntseg yav qab teb txoj kab nqes ntawm lub overlying cov pob zeb ntawm lub Paleogene thiab Cretaceous. Nws yog ntawm no, thiab cov pa roj carbon.

syneclise

Cov feem ancient thiab complex nyob rau hauv nws muaj pes tsawg leeg caij yog lub Moscow cheeb tsam. Ntawm no, cov crystalline qab daus tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb ua kiav txhab nyob rau ntawm lub zoo depths. Lub hauv paus Moscow syneclise yog aulacogens, uas yog lawm ua tus sau tuab strata ntawm lub reef. Saum toj no cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm sedimentary cover yog sawv cev los ntawm ntau yam pob zeb ntawm lub Cambrian mus rau lub Cretaceous.

Nyob rau hauv lub Neogene-Quaternary Moscow syneclise undergone sis tsis ncaj nqa. Qhov no yog thaws rov los nyob rau hauv lub teb, nyob qhov twg muaj xws li ib tug toj raws li lub Valdai Toj thiab cov Smolensk-Moscow, raws li zoo raws li lowland - Northern Dvina thiab lub Upper Volga.

Nyob rau sab hnub tuaj nyob sab Europe Tiaj yog lwm loj syneclise - Pechora. Nws occupies ib ncig ntawm lub npoo nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb-sab hnub tuaj ib feem ntawm Lavxias teb sab Phaj. Nws ib ntu hauv paus yog sis tsis ncaj ntawm txawv depths, xeeb rau sab hnub tuaj cheeb tsam ntawm 5000 mus 6000 meters. Sau ntawm lub syncline yog tuab strata Paleozoic pob zeb uas sib tshooj Meso-Cenozoic deposits.

minerals

Yog li ntawd, peb txiav txim siab los txiav txim kom mus rau ib tug tectonic qauv nplooj siab Lavxias teb sab tiaj, dab tsi yog nws geologic keeb kwm. Vim lub sij hawm ntev ntawm nws tsim, qhov no hiob platform yog ib tug haib geostruturu. Nws muaj inexhaustible reserves ntawm minerals. Yog li, nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub platform pom deposits ntawm hlau ore. Lawv muaj nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub Kursk magnetic anomaly. Nyob rau hauv lub sedimentary cover platform sab thee reserves. Lawv tsim nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj ib feem ntawm lub Donets Phiab thiab Moscow phiab. Nyob rau hauv Mezozoic thiab Paleozoic yog reserves ntawm cov roj thiab cov nkev. Qhov no yog qhov Ural-Volga phiab. Tsis deb ntawm lub Syzran sab shale. Nyob rau hauv lub depths ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab Tiaj ntau yam tsev cov ntaub ntawv - .. Limestone thiab gravel, av nplaum, thiab lwm yam xim av limestone, bauxite, ntsev thiab phosphates pom nyob rau hauv lub sedimentary cover.

Qhov ntau haiv tej yam ntuj tso chaw

Raws li peb twb paub, lub Lavxias teb sab Tiaj yog nyob rau hauv lub loj heev ib ncig. Uas yog vim li cas nws yog yus muaj los ntawm ib tug qhia tau ntau haiv neeg ntawm kev nyab xeeb. Ntuj aav ntawm Lavxias teb sab tiaj nyob rau hauv tag nrho nws cov ntau haiv neeg. Nyob rau hauv lub Far North - tundra nrog nws uas tsis muaj zog thiab cov neeg pluag tej nroj tsuag loj hlob nyob rau hauv peat humus xau. Lub caij ntuj sov txias cov qhov chaw, uas muaj humidity, ua vim qhov sib thooj ntawm cov Arctic hiav txwv.

Cia li sab qab teb ntawm lub cheeb tsam yog hav zoov tundra tsam. Tom ntej no yog rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Lavxias teb sab Tiaj. Nws yog them los ntawm forests. Nyob rau hauv nws sab qaum teb yog ib feem yog yeej los ntawm tsaus coniferous taiga, uas hlob nyob rau hauv boggy podzolic xau. Ntawm lub sab qab teb muaj cov mixed arrays, alternating nrog deciduous forests ntawm ntoo qhib, Maple thiab linden.

Ntuj aav ntawm Lavxias teb sab tiaj nyob rau hauv lub yav qab teb ib feem ntawm lub hav zoov thiab steppe uas hais. Qhov no lub teb chaws nrog fertile, raws li ib tug txoj cai, dub av nrog herbaceous nroj tsuag.

scarce av

Cov huab sab qab teb-sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub East European Tiaj yog nyob rau hauv lub Caspian kev nyuaj siab. Nyob rau hauv tus ntawm lub qhuav kev nyab xeeb ntawm no tsim semi-suab puam thaj tsam, nyob rau lub chestnut xau. Nyob rau hauv ib txhia qhov chaw tseem muaj Deserts. Qhov no cheeb tsam ntawm grey xau, ntsev licks thiab ntsev marshes.

xaus

Yuav ua li cas ntau siab thiab Lavxias teb sab tiaj yuav kawm nyob rau hauv kom meej? A rooj nyob rau hauv uas ntau indicators tswvcuab (tectonic qauv, tej yam ntuj tso chaw, kev nyab xeeb thiab t. D.) Yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo suav hais tias. Qhov no yog ib tug zoo kawg nkaus nrig txog kev pom kev pab uas yuav muab tau invaluable pab nyob rau hauv kev nkag siab thiab kev kawm cov yuav tsum tau cov ntaub ntawv uas.

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