Tus thawj American astronaut Alan Shepard. Lub hom phiaj ntawm "Mercury-Redstone 3" Tej zaum 5, 1961

Rau ntau ntawm cov feem ntau nto moo personalities nyob rau hauv qhov kev tshawb kawm ntawm qhov chaw yog, Yuri Gagarin thiab Neil Armstrong. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub Soviet Union thawj ya mus rau hauv qhov chaw thiab xa rov qab ciaj sia, thiab lub tebchaws United States - tau tsaws saum lub hli.

Txawm li cas los, Armstrong - tsis yog thawj zaug American astronaut. Lawv pom tau hais tias yuav muaj ib tug txawv kiag li tus neeg. Nws biography, cov hauj lwm thiab lub hom phiaj yuav tsum tau tham nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm.

Npaj rau cov kev xaiv ntawm astronauts

Nws yog tsis muaj daim card uas ob tug powers yog cov ntsiab competitors rau qhov teeb meem ntawm qhov chaw tshawb kawm. Nyob rau hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas, cov teeb meem muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub Kev tshawb fawb center Langley (Virginia). Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus tsim thiab muab mus rau hauv lub lag luam ntawm lub spacecraft, nws yog tsim nyog los tsim ib tug detachment ntawm astronauts.

Kev npaj rau qhov no pib nrog lub kaum ib hlis 1958. Cov thawj pab pawg neeg ntawm US astronauts yuav tsum tau muab xaiv nyob rau hauv ob peb ua sawv. Chiv peb xav xaiv ib puas thiab tsib caug tus neeg sib tw yog maj filtering tawm ntawm no pab pawg neeg ntawm cov neeg raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm kev kho mob thiab puas siab puas ntsws kev ntsuam xyuas, raws li zoo raws li ib tug cuaj-lub hlis kev kawm. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov kev xaiv yog nyob twj ywm rau astronauts.

Tseem Ceeb cuam nrog qhov kev tshawb rau tus neeg sib tw yog cov kev txiav txim siab ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm Dwight Eisenhower, uas pom tsuas yog lub zoo tshaj plaws neeg sib tw ntawm cov kev xeem pilots. Ntawm cov xaiv thiab hlau.

kev xaiv ntawm astronauts

By pib ntawm 1959 pib xaiv. Coj los ntawm cov kws txawj nram qab no:

• qhov siab - 180 cm;
• zoo meej mob lub cev;
• hnub nyoog - txog li plaub caug xyoo;
• kev kawm ntawv - kev (Bachelor);
• kev kawm tshwj xeeb - rau qhov kev kuaj tsav;
• ya kev - tsis tsawg tshaj li kaum tsib puas lub sij hawm.

Raws li cov txheej xwm, cov neeg sawv cev los ntawm NASA xaiv 110 sib tw, cov neeg uas raug xaiv ib pab pawg neeg nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm 36 cov neeg nqa tawm ntxiv kev ntsuam xyuas. Nyob rau cov zaj uas lub ceev faj kev kho mob thiab puas siab puas ntsws kev xeem pom zoo 32 sib tw. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog deselected, ces tus tshawb fawb Center tuaj txog 31 tsav. Ntxiv xaiv yog qhov nyuaj heev. Nyob rau hauv hnub kawg, tus tshwj xeeb xaiv tsis rau, tab sis xya tus neeg nyob rau hauv lub davhlau.

Pilots hu ua astronauts, thiab lawv cov npe tau officially tshaj tawm 09.04.1959 xyoo. Cov lawv kuj lub thawj American astronaut.

Tus thawj xya nrog Alan Shepard

Tag nrho cov astronauts twb tsev neeg cov txiv neej nrog engineering kev kawm ntawv, nyob rau hauv zoo heev lub cev zoo lawm. Lawv muaj hnub nyoog mus txoj los ntawm 32 mus 37 xyoo.

Daim ntawv ntawm tus thawj xya nrog ib tug tub rog qib:

• Dzhon Glenn - Colonel.
• Gordon Cooper, Virgil Grissom, Donald Slayton - captains.
• Alan Shepard, Walter Schirra - senior lieutenants.
• Scott Ntoo - Lieutenant.

Cov lawv yog ib tug uas twb muab tsub lub title "thawj American astronaut." Cov txiv neej pib los npaj rau lub davhlau thawj nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub kev tshawb fawb Center nyob rau hauv Virginia, thiab ces - nyob rau hauv Houston (Texas). Txhua tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov pab pawg neeg ntawm Xya nws muaj nws tus kheej specialization. Lub protagonist ntawm tsab xov xwm kawm ua hauj lwm ntawm txoj kev cawm seej thiab mus txog qhovtwg tshuab.

Kev Kawm Ntawv Shepard

Alan yug rau 18.11.1923 nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Derry. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 36, nws tau los ua ib tug ntawm xya astronauts xaiv los ntawm NASA rau manned qhov chaw sib ntaus. Nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev, qhov no pab mus rau kev kawm ntawv nws tau txais.

Yav tom ntej astronaut Alan Shepard nyob rau hauv nws lub sij hawm kawm tiav los ntawm lub Academy College ntawm Admiral Farragut, lub Naval Academy nrog ib tug degree ntawm Bachelor of Science, Naval College.

Career flyer

Tom qab muab cov bachelor degree, Alan Shepard los ua ib tug tub ceev xwm nyob rau hauv lub Navy. Thaum lub sij hawm no, tseem nws tseem hauv ob ntiaj teb ua tsov ua rog, ces nws twb muab mus rau lub destroyer, thiab xa mus rau hauv lub hiav txwv Pacific.

Nyob rau hauv 1947 nws tau nce mus rau tus tsav thiab twb muab rau cov squadron nyob rau hauv lub nras-ncuab. Nyob rau hauv 1950 nws nkag mus hauv tus tsav xeem lub tsev kawm ntawv. Tom qab ua kom tiav qhov kev cob qhia, nws koom nyob rau hauv lub davhlau kev ntsuam xyuas, xws li thwmsim rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm refuelling system nyob rau hauv cov huab cua. Tsis pub dhau tsib lub hlis, lub neej yav tom ntej cosmonaut yog tus xibfwb rau kev kuaj pilots.

Ua ntej ua ib tug astronaut, Shepard ya mus ntau tshaj li 8,000 lub sij hawm, uas 3700 tau nqa tawm nyob rau ib lub dav hlau aircraft.

Career astronaut

Tus thawj American astronaut yog cov xya sib tw uas raug xaiv los ntawm NASA nyob rau hauv 1959. Lawv npaj rau qhov kev pab cuam "Mercury". Nws professionalism thiab koj tus kheej zoo ua rau nws ua ntej mus rau lub cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub tebchaws United States mus cuag qhov chaw thiab ya mus rau lub hli.

Nws thawj davhlau nws ua nyob rau hauv 1961. Qhov txawv tebchaws yog luv luv, tab sis li ntawd tsim nyog rau lub tebchaws United States of America. Nkoj capsule twb hu ua "Txoj kev ywj pheej 7".

Tom qab ntawd, astronauts npaj raws li ib tug understudy G. Cooper rau ib lub hom phiaj "Atlas 9". Nyob rau hauv 1963, nws yuav tsum mus rau qhov "Atlas 10". Davhlau yuav tsum siv peb hnub, tab sis nws twb tso tseg. Tom qab ntawd, peb xaiv thawj tsav astronaut rau lub nkoj "Gemini". Muaj pib kev kawm, nws underwent ib tug kho mob soj ntsuam, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm uas nws kuaj mob nrog ib tug pob ntseg kab mob, kev raug cov dej num ntawm lub vestibular apparatus. Vim Meniere tus kab mob nws twb tshem tawm los ntawm ya rau ib tug ob peb xyoos.

Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav rov qab los npaj rau lub davhlau, Shepard yuav tsum tau muaj kev phais rau lub pob ntseg kab noj hniav. Nws yog kev vam meej, thiab cov astronauts rov qab mus rau active duty.

Yog sorokasemiletnim tsav, tus hiob nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm, NASA astronaut Alan ua nws ob lub neej nyob rau hauv qhov chaw sib ntaus. Nws tau raug tsa commander ntawm lub "Apollo 14". Nws ua ib tug thib peb kev vam meej US hom phiaj rau lub hli. Nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm Lub ib hlis ntuj 31 rau lub ob hlis ntuj 9, 1971.

"Mercury-Redstone" Alan Shepard

Raws li qhov kev pab cuam "Mercury" sib ntaus ntawm Alan Shepard los ua tus thawj muaj kev vam meej lub community launch txog ib tug manned spacecraft. Nws twb bred cab kuj foob pob ua ntxaij "Redstone-3." Tshuaj Ntsiav yuav nce mus rau ib tug qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm 186 km thiab poob mus rau hauv cov dej hauv lub tebchaws United States Atlantic landfill. Qhov no qhov chaw muab tawm yuav nyob rau hauv ib tug deb ntawm 486 km ntawm tus thawj starting taw tes.

Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lub davhlau Yuriya Gagarina, uas muaj kev tswj kom circumnavigate lub ntiaj teb nyob rau hauv nws orbit, May 5, 1961, Alan Shepard mus txog qhov chaw tsuas yog tom qab koj siv ib me ntsis ntau tshaj li kaum tsib feeb nyob rau hauv lub davhlau. Nws los ua tus neeg thib ob nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no uas tau mus txog tej heights.

davhlau hom phiaj

Lub ntsiab US lub hom phiaj yog kom tau ua ntej nyob rau hauv qhov chaw tshawb kawm rau lwm lub teb chaws, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub Soviet Union. "Mercury" qhov kev pab cuam yuav qhov kev siv ntawm ib tug lub hom phiaj. Successful yog lub community launch ntawm lub cev, "Mercury-Redstone 3", nyob rau hauv uas Shepard yog.

Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm cov sib ntaus:

• Kev npaj kev manned spacecraft thaum lub sij hawm lub community launch, powered davhlau, weightless mob, thiab nkag mus rau lub cua thiab tsaws.
• Kev luj xyuas ntawm tsav txuj nyob rau hauv spacecraft tswj, suab sib txuas lus thaum lub sij hawm sib ntaus.
• Txoj kev tshawb no ntawm tib neeg cov lus teb rau qhov chaw sib ntaus feem ntau physiological.
• Tseem tsaws ib tug astronaut thiab spacecraft.

Lub neej ntawm ib tug astronaut hauj lwm tom qab kawm tiav

Thaum kawg ntawm nws lub ya hauj lwm, Alan Shepard, uas nws biography yog suav tias yog nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm, koom nyob rau hauv kev ua si. Nyob rau hauv 1971 nws tau los ua ib tus delegate mus rau lub UN General los ua ke. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nws tau txais ib tug doctorate nyob rau hauv tej yam ntuj tso sciences thiab humanities.

Qhov kawg ntawm lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua, ua ke nrog ob tug neeg sau xov xwm, tus naas ej astronaut tau luam tawm hauv phau ntawv "ya mus rau lub hli." Nyob rau hauv nws piav tam sim ntawd tsim ib tug TV series.

Shepard tuag rau 21.07.1998 thaum lub hnub nyoog ntawm xya caum tsib xyoos. Qhov ua rau ntawm kev tuag twb ntev mob - leukemia. Tsib lub lis piam tom qab nws tuag, thiab nws tus poj niam Louise. Lawv lub cev tau cremated thiab lub ashes tawg khiav ri niab tom hiav txwv.

Nthuav lus tseeb hais txog tus astronaut thiab ya davhlau

Peb tes num, uas twb tau mus kawm los ntawm Alan, twb muaj npe "Mercury". Lub npe raug xaiv nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm tus Roman mythological zeej, yog tus tub txib ntawm cov gods thiab patron ntawm cov lag luam tawm. Nyob rau hauv Washington, peb tes num lub npe saws 12.10.1958 xyoo.

Xaiv sib tw rau qhov chaw sib ntaus yuav tsum tau hu ua astronauts. Lub npe xaiv by analogy nrog lub Argonauts nyob rau hauv Greek mythology uas caij nkoj mus rau hauv lub "Golden Chais ya cov plaub" thiab aeronaut, piv txwv li balloonists.

Ua ntej lub davhlau, Alan raug tsa nruj noj cov zaub mov. Nws tau npaj ib tus kheej kws ua zaub mov. Piv txwv li, noj tshais muaj txiv kab ntxwv kua txiv, semolina, qe, pos nphuab jam thiab kas fes nrog qab zib. Daim ntawv teev cov tais diav varied. Kws ua zaub mov npaj ib pab rau lub astronaut, thiab lub thib ob hnub khaws cia nyob rau hauv lub tub yees nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov teeb meem nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub digestive ib ntsuj av.

Muaj ib hnub ua ntej lub davhlau ntawm kas fes los ntawm cov ntawv qhia zaub mov tau raug tshem tawm vim nws diuretic thiab stimulating nyhuv.

Ua ntej yuav pib cov astronaut hais rau kuv tus kheej: "Tsis txhob muaj hau ntswj nws li, Shepard." Cov xov xwm muaj ntxiv ib me ntsis ntawm nws, hais txog Vajtswv txoj lus. zoo li "kev thov Vajtswv" Huab Tais Ntuj hais ntau pilots los ntawm tam sim no.

Tus tsav yog nyob rau hauv lub tsheb capsule 5 teev thiab 15 feeb, tab sis cov sib ntaus yog tsuas yog ob tug thiab ib tug ib nrab teev. Yog vim li cas rau ncua sij hawm twb kev hitches thiab tshwm sim pos huab, vim uas yuav tsis tau zoo duab ntawm lub ntiaj teb los ntawm qhov chaw. Nkoj pib thaum 9 teev thiab 34 feeb. Nws saib 45 lab viewers nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States.

Tus thawj cov me nyuam mus cuag cov cosmos tsis tau yeej ib txwm tau muaj kev vam meej. Muab tag nrho cov lus yog heev yooj yim. Yog li ntawd, NASA, xaiv lub feem ntau haum sib tw rau lub davhlau, tsis xav txog lawv tej kev muaj sia xav tau kev pab. Uas yog, nyob rau hauv lub spacecraft yog tsis tau pab lawv tus kheej. Vim hais tias ntawm no, Shepard yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv ib tug nplua thaum lub sij hawm lub davhlau.