Turkish Cua Force: muaj pes tsawg leeg, xov tooj, yees duab. Kev sib piv ntawm Cua Dag Zog Yuam ntawm Russia thiab Qaib Cov Txwv. Turkish Cua Dag Zog Yuam nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II

Ib tug active koom tes nyob rau hauv NATO units thiab SEATO, Qaib ntxhw yog ua los ntawm lub duas paub uas yuav tsum tau uas siv rau tag nrho cov muaj nyob rau hauv ib feem ntawm lub tebchaws United Cua Dag Zog Yuam yav qab teb European ua yeeb yam rau cov tub rog. Noj rau hauv tus account lub tswv yim thiab thaj chaw (sib thooj rau Russia thiab lwm yam post-socialist lub teb chaws), rau ib tug ntev lub sij hawm, nyob rau hauv ib tug lig kev thaj yeeb lub sij hawm rau cov chaw no, NATO tsim ib tug haib pab pawg neeg no yog heev lub Turkish Cua Dag Zog Yuam. Qhov no cua Group muaj nees nkaum fighter-bombers F-4C "Phantom" (TEB CHAWS USA) thiab lub 39th Tactical aviagruppirovki. Qhov no yog nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub Turkish Cua Dag Zog Yuam, cov chav nyob thiab subunits uas yuav muab tau active kev pab txhawb thiab Navy, thiab lwm yam rog, xws li av.

Nyob rau hauv lus tsis sib xws rau hloov ntawm technology sij hawm thiab cov neeg uas pab tub rog tau ua nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv lub ua yeeb yam ntawm kev ua hauj lwm. Npog koj lub qhov tseem ceeb xaiv yaam chaw, ua tactical txawj ntse rau cov tub rog ntawm NATO thiab nws hais kom ua. Tag nrho cov ntawm cov kev pab raws qib mus rau ib tug tej lub sij hawm thiab ua raws li Turkish Cua Dag Zog Yuam.

Muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab lub koom haum

Ntawm lub taub hau ntawm lub teb chaws yog ib pab neeg, qhia mus rau tus Thawj General neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm lub Cua Dag Zog Yuam. Nws yog nyob rau hauv Ankara, nyob qhov twg thiab ua taw qhia thiab kev saib xyuas ntawm tag nrho cov qhov chaw, cov chav nyob thiab formations. Qaib ntxhw Cua Dag Zog Yuam paus yog nyob ze sib koom tes nrog lub Otaki (Joint Tactical Cua kom) Izmir.

Nyob rau hauv kev Air-pab lub teb chaws muaj plaub caug yim txhiab neeg, ntxiv rau nees nkaum cuaj txhiab - nyob rau hauv cia. Turkish Cua Dag Zog Yuam, uas nws muaj pes tsawg leeg txawv me ntsis los ntawm cov huab cua rog ntawm lwm lub teb chaws, yog muab faib ua ob TBA (Tactical Cua Dag Zog Yuam) nrog lub tsev hauv paus nyob rau hauv Diyarbakır thiab Eskeshehire. Qhov no kuj muaj xws li hauv lub hauv paus nto-rau-huab cua missile, "Nike", ib pab pawg neeg kev thauj aircraft thiab kev cob qhia thiab cua hais kom ua.

squadron

Lub ntsiab kev sib ntaus los tsev ntawm lub Turkish Cua Dag Zog Yuam yog suav tias yog aviation squadron ntawm kaum yim aircraft. Thaum lub caij, lub tej hauj lwm rau cov kev hloov ntawm lub cev thiab morally obsolete aircraft F-104G, RF-84F thiab F-100C (thiab kuj D) mus rau lub niaj hnub F-4th, F-104S thiab RF-5A. Tus thawj TBA plaub Turkish Cua Dag Zog Yuam Base: Myurted, Eskişehir, Bandirma thiab Balikesir. Muaj squadrons ntawm F-100C thiab F-100D, F-104S thiab F-104G, raws li zoo raws li lub F-4th «phantom», F-102A, F-5A thiab cov RF-5A. Ob txhais TBA airbase peb, tab sis tus naj npawb ntawm Turkish Cua Dag Zog Yuam aircraft uas tsis tsawg tshaj li zoo kawg thiab. Diyarbakır puag muaj ib tug tag nrho squadron ntawm F-10GD, F-102A thiab RF-84F. Merzifon yog ob squadrons ntawm F-5A, nyob rau hauv Erhache - F-100D. Thaum kaum cuaj squadrons nyob rau hauv tag nrho muaj bombers thiab neeg tua hluav taws Turkish Cua Dag Zog Yuam.

Kaum Ob tug huab cua pawg - nres aircraft, tsib - fighter aircraft, ob squadrons - kev tshawb kawm. Cia li peb puas peb caug tauj aircraft, cov uas cuaj caum - muaj ntawm nuclear warheads. Thauj Cua Group muaj peb squadrons uas muaj ntau tshaj nees nkaum aircraft. SAM missile puag yog txawm peem rau nrog ob pawg ntawm plaub squadrons, qhov twg muaj xya caum-ob launchers, yuav tsum vov lub tag nrho Bosphorus. Turkish Cua Dag Zog Yuam helicopters yog tsis nyob rau hauv loj tus xov tooj - lawv peb caug: kaum AV-204B, uh-19D thiab uh-11.

Kev npaj ntawm sib ntaus thiab kev ua hauj lwm

Kev kawm muaj xiv Cua kom rau tag nrho cov chav nyob thiab qhov chaw. Muaj hauj lwm Academy, ob huab cua puag (nyob rau hauv Konya thiab Çiğli) thiab ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov kev thiab ya davhlau tsev kawm ntawv Turkish Cua Dag Zog Yuam, tus naj npawb ntawm cov uas nws txawv ntau txaus. Thawj lub tsev kawm ntawv - lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv Istanbul, qhov twg cov tub hluas yog npaum li cas, tau kawm tiav los ntawm tsev kawm ntawv thiab cua Force kom tau ib co kev txawj ntse txog cov kev tswj ntawm aircraft. Tej cov tsev kawm ntawv (tshwj xeeb theem nrab tsev kawm ntawv) nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm ntau lub teb chaws. Thaum uas tig kauj cov txheej txheem nyob rau hauv sib ntaus nyob rau hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv ua kom tiav me nyuam kawm ntawv T-37, T-33 thiab T-6.

Kev kawm ntawv ob xyoos, raws li los ntawm ib tug internship ntawm huab cua hauv paus, uas twb kis tau tiag tiag cov tub rog kev txawj ntse tswj tau aircraft TF-102A, TF-100F, TF-104G thiab F-5b. Tom qab lub internship yog muab ib tug tub rog qib, thiab yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov tam sim no squadron. Technology (neeg ua hauj lwm) yog kawm nyob rau hauv Izmir College: radar tswv, cov kws txawj posts hauj lwm thiab cov chaw zov me nyuam, cov kev taw qhia, kev sib txuas lus, airfield thiab mov cov kev pab cuam rau cov cua Force kuj muaj cov tsev kawm ntawv rau txoj kev kawm. Number of Turkish Cua Dag Zog Yuam aircraft rau kev kawm muaj txog ib puas thiab nees nkaum units. Ntawm lawv, tsis tsuas mus rau T-6 thiab T-33, kuj ya T-34, T-37, T-41, TF-100F, TF-104G, TF-102X thiab F-5b.

lub NATO

Turkish Cua Dag Zog Yuam aircraft nyob rau pov tseg ntawm NATO thiab yog ib feem ntawm lub neej coj rog ntawm tag nrho cov tswj lub nruab. Combat kev kawm ntawm cov chav nyob thiab subunits ntawm lub Turkish Cua Dag Zog Yuam kev ua rau lawv ceeb toom. Cov lus qhia muab tso raws le NATO yuav tsum thiab nyob rau lub hauv paus ntawm kev ua hauj lwm kev npaj kos mus txog muaj ho. Thiab nyob rau kev sib tw nyob rau hauv uas zoo sib haum thiab ua hauj lwm, thiab ya kev txawj ntse ntawm cov neeg coob, thiab ceev cov lus teb rau saum huab cua ua hauj lwm tub ceev xwm puag ncig tej yam kev mob. Nyob rau nqe ntaus rog cov hauj lwm zoo thiab kev npaj txhij rau ntawm ib tug tsis tu ncua, tsawg kawg yog ib xyoos ib zaug, mus saib tag nrho cov huab cua bases thiab thaum lub sij hawm cov tshev mis txhua neeg coob tau txais nws tus kheej ua hauj lwm: no cuam tshuam lub hom phaj nyob rau high school thiab tsawg altitudes, thiab cov bombing ntawm ib tug me me-sized lub hom phaj, thiab kev sim saum nruab ntug reconnaissance nyob rau hauv yooj yim thiab nyob rau hauv yooj yim huab cua tej yam kev mob.

Tag nrho cov xov tooj ntawm cov Turkish Cua Dag Zog Yuam tsis tu ncua koom nyob rau hauv hais kom ua thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm cov tub rog ce thiab NATO, uas yog muaj nyob rau hauv sab qab teb ntawm teb chaws Europe. Qhov no "sib sib zog nqus Farrow" thiab "Don petrol" thiab "Express". Hais kom ua ntawm lub Turkish Cua Dag Zog Yuam yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account lub ntsim kev ua tsov ua rog nyob rau hauv 1974 nyob rau hauv cov kob ntawm Cyprus, thiab vim hais tias nws them cov nqi zoo xim rau tus sis ntawm cov tub rog, Navy thiab cua Dag Zog Yuam. Cob qhia thiab ua kom puas me me nto lub hom phaj. Qhov loj tshaj qhov chaw yog muab rau cov yeeb yam nrog tshaj airfields thiab aircraft dispersal.

Txoj thiab lub Turkish Cua Dag Zog Yuam

Nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II lub tsoom fwv ntawm lub koom pheej yuav luag txog rau thaum xaus rau nyob twj ywm nruab nrab, skillfully Maneuvering ntawm ob blocs tawm tsam txhua lwm yam. Qhov kawg ntawm Lub ob hlis ntuj 1945, Qaib ntxhw thaum kawg txiav txim siab los ntawm hais tias tsov rog nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees. Sib ntaus sib tua nws tsis tau kov, tag nrho cov kev pab txhawb nqa tau raws li nyob rau hauv diplomatic txaus. Qaib ntxhw tswj lub Bosporus thiab Dardanelles straits, uas ua raws li cov Dub hiav txwv warships, nws muaj cov tub rog, tab sis qhov nqi koj tshuav ntawm rog nyob rau hauv sab qab teb ntawm lub Soviet-German pem hauv ntej thiab nyob rau hauv lub Mediterranean tsis tau sim mus hloov.

Txij li thaum 1939, Ankara tuav lub Anglo-Fabkis bloc, vim hais tias nws yog ntshai ntxiv dag zog Ltalis, tab sis tom qab swb ntawm Fabkis nyob rau hauv 1940 thiab lub teb chaws Yelemees heev tsiv los ze zog: muab rau xaiv yaam raw cov ntaub ntawv (chrome, piv txwv li), tu lub German thiab Italian warships los ntawm lub straits. Nyob rau hauv 1941, Qaib ntxhw tshaj tawm hais tias neutrality, tsis ceasing, txawm li cas los, rau tsim lub zeem muag ntawm kev koom tes nyob rau hauv tsov rog nrog rau lub Soviet Union rau lub German sab. Nyob rau ciam teb ntawm lub Soviet troops kom tsis muaj zog cov xim uas nws yuav tsis yog: nees nkaum-rau Turkish kev sib cais tau deployed ncaj qha los ntawm ib thaj tsam, lossi nqa tawm loj maneuvers ntawm lub Turkish Cua Dag Zog Yuam. Nyob rau hauv lub Caucasus, lub Soviet Union tau yuam kom ib tug ntau yam pauv loj cov tub rog dag zog yuam uas yog vim li cas.

East ua kom yuam kev

Nws tsuas yog tom qab sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Stalingrad, qaib ntxhw twb ntxias ntawm lub insolvency ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees lub hom phiaj rau defeat lub Soviet Union, thiab ces tam sim ntawd resumed ib tug ntau yam ntawm daim ntawv cog lus nrog rau cov phoojywg, tiam sis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj 1944 tag nrho cov diplomatic kev sib raug zoo nrog Hitler tau nws lawm. Hitler tau tshaj tawm hais tias tsov rog nyob rau hauv mob uas lub Dardanelles thiab lub Bosphorus yuav tau saib los ntawm cov neeg koom ntawm lub anti-Hitler coalition. British pov tseg ua ntaj riam thaiv Turks nyob rau hauv txais-Nyoog Cog Khiab Tsev - nyob rau hauv ib tug tsov rog lawv tsis koom.

Txawm li cas los, ib tug UN neeg raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm ad Qaib ntxhw tsov rog pib. Thiab ib tug tswv cuab ntawm NATO, dhau lawm, txij li thaum 1952. Vim lub thaj txoj hauj lwm yog zoo heev tug tswv cuab ntawm lub koom haum. Nyob rau hauv 1972, lub Turkish tsoom fwv koom tes nrog qhov kev pab cuam ntawm Modernization ntawm lub dav hlau fleet. Technically tag nrho cov chav muaj tau retrofitted thiab ib feem, nrog zoo tsis muaj kev nce rau hauv tus naj npawb rau lub Turkish Cua Dag Zog Yuam (tsis muaj chaw ua si, tsis muaj neeg ua hauj lwm). Qaib ntxhw yog koom nyob rau hauv aircraft tsim tsis yog, ntau txog twb muab tso rau hauv purchase ntawm qhov tseeb technology. Cov ntsiab lus uas muas, ntawm chav kawm, paaj - NATO yeej ib txwm txhawb nws cov tswv cuab.

specifics

Daim ntawv cog lus nrog rau lub tebchaws United States tau muab qaib ntxhw nyob rau hauv 1972, plaub caug-fighter-bombers "Phantom» - F-4th, uas yuav hloov outdated. Turkish pilots thiab cov kws kho mastered rau lub tshiab riam phom nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States, ces cov kev cob qhia qhov chaw yog tsim los pab. Nyob rau hauv 1974 Ltalis kos npe rau ib daim ntawv cog lus nrog Qaib ntxhw thiab muab tso rau nws tsib caug-plaub ua los ntawm American daim ntawv tso cai F-104S fighter. Lub teb chaws Yelemees pub lub Turkish Cua Dag Zog Yuam cuaj caum TF-104G kev kawm dav hlau, uas yog tseem ua los ntawm lub tebchaws United States Daim ntawv tso cai. Ntxiv mus, lub dag zog ntawm lub Germans lub tsev nyob rau hauv Kayseri Aircraft Hoobkas - kaum tsib kev thauj ib xyoo. Lawm, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm kev kho Dav hlau fleet thiab kev kawm ntawm Turkish tub rog kws txawj nqe ntaus rog muaj peev xwm ntawm huab cua quab yuam tau nce considerably.

Muaj tsis xaus qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub Middle East twv yuav raug hu qhia tias Qaib Cov Txwv yog nrhiav ib tug txhoj puab heev txawv teb chaws txoj cai. Thiab tshwj xeeb qhia ntau txog yog precisely rau kev sib ntaus los aircraft. Nws yog ib nqi nco ntsoov cov tub rog teeb meem nyob rau hauv Syria thiab tus nres ntawm lub Turkish units rau cov tub rog aircraft ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation. Cov kev sib raug zoo ntawm ob lub teb chaws ua tus qhia ntawm ib tug unsteady ntiaj teb no, cuaj kaum nyob ib tug tseem ceeb txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Qaib Cov Txwv yuav tsis vam meej. Nws hegemonic dee nyob rau hauv cov neeg Esxias chaw fueled NATO ua tswv cuab, tab sis tom qab ib tug coj txawv txawv txoj kev tshwm sim tub rog coup lub Turkish coj noj coj ua tsis yog li ntawd trustingly ntawm lub Coalition. Ankara muaj tag nrho cov tib kev cia siab rau lawv lub luag hauj lwm kev sib ntaus los aircraft nyob rau hauv txawv teb chaws nriaj, tiam sis ib tug anti-Lavxias teb sab battering ram nyob rau hauv lub ob txhais tes ntawm NATO yuav tsum tau nres. Xijpeem, ib pliag.

kev sib piv ntawm Cua Dag Zog Yuam

Zog ntawm Guj kuj thiab Qaib Cov Txwv muaj ib yam dab tsi yuav tsum nco ntsoov ua ke. Thoob plaws hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm ob lub teb chaws pib tsov rog kaum ob lub sij hawm, nrog rau lub zos tsis sib haum nyob rau hauv no muaj pes tsawg tus yog tsis tau sau. Qhov kawg tsov ua rog yog ib puas xyoo dhau los - tus thawj lub ntiaj teb no. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv 2016 qhov kev nyab xeeb ntawm ib tug tib neeg ua tub rog clash yog dua siab. Nws yog txoj kev puas tsuaj ntawm peb Su-24, lub teb uas yog rau Qaib ntxhw es notable. Dua li no, cov tub rog ua hauj lwm tsis tau pib. Lavxias teb sab ua lag ua luam yuav luag rhuav tshem cov Turkish txiav npluav Russians nyiaj so koobtsheej nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws no. Thiab tau ntawm cov tub rog teeb meem txawm tham cov tub txawg: lub generals, thiab diplomats. Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub teeb ntawm qhov no, txawm lub fact tias qhov teeb meem, raws li nws twb tswm, thiab coj ib tug apology, nws yuav ua rau kev txiav txim zoo mus nrhiav tau tawm lub peev xwm ntawm Turkish thiab Lavxias teb sab tub rog nyob rau hauv kev sib piv.

Cov feem ntau tej zaum qhov chaw ntawm lub kev sib tsoo ntawm aviation nruab nrab ntawm ob lub teb chaws - lub sab qaum teb Syria, qhov chaw uas lawv tau txais kev pab rau hauv lub Turkish Syrian gunmen. Vim uas Ankara yog tsis li ntawd nco ntsoov ntawm nws tus kheej hais tias yog tsis ntshai ntawm kev ua pauj nyob rau ib feem ntawm Lavxias teb sab chaw ua dav hlua? Lub hauv paus ntawm lub Turkish Cua Dag Zog Yuam - American plaub-tiam fighter - lub F-16 (ib tug ntawm lawv thiab khob qhov rooj peb bomber nkaug nyob rau hauv lub rov qab), lawv muaj ob puas thiab yim daim ntawm Qaib Cov Txwv. Lawv muaj peev xwm ntxiv ntau yam kev hloov kho ntawm NF-5 legacy US fighter (1964) - lawv yog cov nyob rau hauv lub Turkish Cua Dag Zog Yuam thiab plaub caug-ib yam. Muab piv nrog rau thawj - nws yog ntau tshaj ib tug workhorse, albeit laus dhau - qhov no fighter yuav indispensable hloov.

Peb VCS (Aerospace Force) yog twv yuav raug hu superior rau Turkish. Muaj cua daj cua dub troopers, thiab xaiv yaam thiab tactical bombers Tu-160 thiab Tu-95 zoo nyob rau hauv sib ntaus tawm tsam txwv nyob rau hauv Russia raws li ib tug neeg ua phem lub koom haum LIH. Peb muaj peb puas thiab peb caug fighters ntawm ntau yam kev hloov kho ntawm lub Su-27, caum dav hlau Su-30, Su-35S plaub caug, ob tug puas Mig-29, Mig-31, ib puas thiab tsib caug, thiab feem ntau muaj peev xwm fighter aircraft tshiab kev tsim kho - lub Su-30 thiab Su-35, nrog ib tug onboard radar. Lawv yog cov nyob deb superior rau txhua yam uas tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov huab cua niaj hnub no.

AIRCRAFT swb

Coj aerial bombs Kab-500-C thiab kab-1500, uas yog nyob rau hauv qhov kev pab nrog lub Lavxias teb sab Cua Dag Zog Yuam, ntxiv rau cruise cuaj luaj X-555 thiab X-101, uas yog ib tug zoo txhais tau tias kom defeat tus yeeb ncuab, kuj zoo. Ntau yuav tsum tau ua hauj lwm teeb meem Intermediate cua-rau-huab cua ntau yam, tab sis nws yog maj solved. Lub ntsiab missile ntawm no hauv chav kawm ntawv ntawm peb cov Videoconferencing - qub heev P-27, uas muaj ib tug semi-active radar homing lub taub hau rau. Pilots yog heev yooj yim mus nqa nws mus rau lub hom phiaj, vim hais tias koj muaj peev xwm tsis maneuver rau caij nyoog hit. Thiab nyob rau hauv ib tug tense thiab volatile kev sib ntaus los qhov teeb meem no tsis yog ib tug zoo txoj hauj lwm. Nrog ib tug ntse maneuver warhead tsis tau mus rau lub hom phiaj.

Ua hauj lwm ua, R-27 yog raug sophisticated kev hloov kho, yielding thermal homing. Qhov no feature frees tus tsav los ntawm muaj nqa foob pob ua ntxaij, tab sis txawm kev txhim kho no tsis ua li cas nws tshaj weaponry. Ntawm no yog lub Turkish Cua Dag Zog Yuam kom txog rau thaum qhov muaj feem thib, raws li armed US cuaj luaj AIM-120C AMRAAM, uas yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv lub hom phiaj thiab tsis nco qab txog lawv. Lawv nrhiav tau lub hom phiaj. Tej zaum tus tsav maneuver nyob rau tib lub sij hawm ntau tshaj pilots ntawm Lavxias teb sab fighters. Nws tseem mus cia siab rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev txawj ntse thiab kev kawm ntawm peb cov crews, vim hais tias yog dab tsi txiav txim qhov ua tau ntawm txhua cua confrontation.

tau

Raws li Lavxias teb sab VCS yog nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus multi-lub luag hauj lwm tua hluav taws frontline bombers thiab xaiv yaam rau txoj kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws cov hom phiaj nyob rau hauv cov yeeb ncuab infrastructure, thiab nyob rau hauv loj npaum li cas ntau, qhov kom zoo dua piv rau cov sab ntawm peb Cua Dag Zog Yuam. Thiab lwm yam aircraft units (bombers, nres aircraft, helicopters, ua tub rog thauj) peb hais ib incomparably ntau. Qhov kom zoo dua yog undeniable. Txawm tias Qaib Cov Txwv yog kev mus rau hauv lub NATO cua kws muaj txuj ci, thiab cov American Patriot muaj ib tug ntau ntawm txhab mus txog yim caum kilometers, Russia yog armed nrog lub tseeb systems S-300 thiab S-400, uas nws nrhiav kom tau kev ntsuas ze li tsib puas kis lus mev.

By muab cov ceg nyob rau hauv lub Syrian Latakia, Russia tus kheej ntseeg tias Qaib ntxhw yog tshee vim tswj tau txais ib tug loj ib feem ntawm lub sab qab teb-sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub teb chaws. Ntsiab lus cov kev sib piv ntawm cov cua Force ntawm Russia thiab Qaib Cov Txwv, peb yuav tsum lees hais tias nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim ua tsov ua rog yuav ua tau ib tug kom zoo dua rau Russia, vim hais tias nws tshwj kom txhob-npaj dav hlau ntau zoo thiab kom muaj nuj nqis tseem loj hlob tuaj, upgrading yog nyob rau hauv txoj kev, ntxiv tshiab aircraft thiab ntau sophisticated sib ntaus sib tua cov cav tov. Tab sis lub sib ntaus sib tua lub ntsws yuav tsis, vim hais tias koj tsis tau hu ua tsis muaj zog Turkish Cua Dag Zog Yuam (yees duab nws qhia tau hais tias). Yog li ntawd, nws yuav tsum zoo dua tsis tau tshwm sim yog tsis muaj tsov rog.