Turboprop engine: ib tug ntaus ntawv, cov Circuit Court lag luam hauv paus ntsiab lus. Qhuav turboprop xyaw nyob rau hauv Russia

Cav turboprop zoo li ib tug piston: thiab hais tias, thiab lwm yog cov kiv cua. Tab sis txwv tsis pub lawv yog cov sib txawv. Xav txog li cas yuav muab qhov no unit, yuav ua li cas nws ua hauj lwm, dab tsi yog nws pros thiab cons.

General yam ntxwv

Turboprop engine belongs rau ib chav kawm ntawv ntawm cov pa roj turbines uas yog tsim raws li universal zog transducers thiab tau lug siv nyob rau hauv chaw ua dav hlua. Lawv muaj xws li ib tug kub engine, nyob rau lub txhab gases tig lub turbine thiab rau torque, thiab rau nws cov ncej txuas lwm chav nyob. Lub cav muaj ib lub turboprop kiv cua.

Nws yog ib tug ntoo khaub lig ntawm ib tug piston thiab turbo units. Ua ntej, nyob rau hauv lub ntsia aircraft piston xyaw, muaj raws ntawm ib tug kheej kheej nrog ib lub hnub qub zoo li tus txheej txheem ntawm nyob rau hauv tus ncej. Tab sis vim lub fact tias lawv muaj ntau heev loj thiab nyhav, raws li zoo raws li lub tau ntawm ib tug tsis tshua muaj ceev, lawv tsis siv, muab nyiam nyob turbojet chaw. Tab sis cov no xyaw twb tsis yog tsis muaj drawbacks. Lawv muaj peev xwm tsim ib tug supersonic ceev, tab sis kov ib tug ntau ntawm cov roj. Yog li ntawd lawv lub lag luam yog kim heev rau cov neeg nrog caij thauj.

Cav turboprop yuav tsum tau tiv nrog xws li ib tug disadvantage. Thiab qhov teeb meem no tau daws. Siv cov kev faib thiab cov lag luam raug coj los ntawm lub mechanism ntawm lub turbojet engine, thiab los ntawm piston - propellers. Yog li, nws tau los ua tau ua ke ntawm loj me me, nqi thiab siab efficiency.

Lub xyaw tau invented thiab ua rov qab nyob rau hauv lub thirties ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union, thiab ob xyoo lawm yav tom ntej, lawv pib loj ntau lawm. Lub hwj chim twb varied los 1880 mus 11000 kW. Qhov ntev lub sij hawm lawv tau siv nyob rau hauv cov tub rog thiab pej xeem aviation. Txawm li cas los, supersonic ceev, lawv twb tsis haum. Yog li ntawd, nrog lub advent ntawm xws chaw nyob rau hauv cov cua Force tsis kam lawv. Tab sis pej xeem aircraft mas nkag los ntawm lawv.

Apparatus turboprop cav thiab nws ua hauj lwm hauv paus ntsiab lus

lub cev muaj zog tsim yog heev yooj yim. Nws muaj xws li:

• reducer;
• kiv cua;
• ib tug combustion chamber;
• ib tug compressor;
• nozzle.

Scheme turboprop raws li nram no: tom qab cov txhaj tshuaj thiab compression ntawm huab cua los ntawm lub compressor nkag mus rau hauv combustion chamber. Thereto mas txhaj roj. Cov resultant sib tov yog cig thiab tsim gases uas nkag mus rau lub expansion turbine thiab tig nws, thiab nws, nyob rau hauv lem, rotates lub compressor thiab ntsia hlau. Unspent zog yog tawm los ntawm ib tug nozzle, tsim reactive thrust. Vim hais tias nws tus nqi yog tsis tseem ceeb (kaum feem pua), nws tsis yog ib tug turbojet turboprop.

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov lag luam thiab kev tsim qauv, txawm li cas los, yog zoo li lawv, tab sis lub zog yog tsis tau kiag li tawm los ntawm lub nozzle, tsim ib tug torque cov tshuaj tiv thaiv caj npab, tab sis tsuas yog cov, raws li qhov tseem ceeb lub zog yog tseem tig lub ntsia hlau.

kev khiav hauj lwm ncej

Muaj xyaw nrog ib tug los yog ob tug shafts. Cov hluas-ncej variant yog nyob rau hauv ib tug ncej thiab ib tug compressor thiab ib tug turbine, thiab ib tug ntsia hlau. Nyob rau hauv lub ob npaug rau-ncej - ib tug ntawm lawv mounted turbine thiab compressor, thiab nyob rau lwm yam - lub ntsia hlau los ntawm ib tug txo iav. Ntawm no muaj ob turbines kev cob cog rua rau ib leeg roj-dynamic txoj kev. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog rau cov ntsia hlau, thiab lwm yam - rau compressors. Xws li ib tug embodiment yog feem ntau, vim lub zog yuav tsum muaj ntaub ntawv tsis tau khiav hauv lub screws. Qhov no yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog pab tau thaum lub dav hlau no yog nyob rau hauv av.

compressor

Qhov no yog ib feem muaj ob mus rau theem, uas pom teeb meem loj cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv kub thiab siab, raws li tau zoo raws li rau txo cov kev ceev. Nrog rau qhov no tsim, nws hloov tawm mus rau txo qhov nyhav thiab loj, uas yog tseem ceeb heev rau aircraft xyaw. Lub compressor muaj xws li impellers thiab qhia vanes. Nyob rau tom kawg yuav tau muab los yog tsis muab cov kev cai.

kiv cua

Tsaug rau no kom meej yog tsim thrust, tab sis cov kev ceev no xwb. Nws yog ib tug zoo dua qhov taw qhia ntawm cov theem ntawm 750 rau 1500 rpm, txij li thaum ua lub efficiency pib lub caij nplooj zeeg thiab disperse ntsia hlau es tsis txhob yuav hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv ib tug nres. Cov tshwm sim yog hu ua tus "nyhuv ntawm kaw." Nws yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov ntsia hlau tuaj uas nyob speeds siab nyob rau hauv kev sib hloov, siab tshaj lub ceev ntawm lub suab, pib ua kom zoo. Cov nyhuv tib yam yuav tsum muaj cai nrog ib qho kev nce rau hauv lawv txoj kab uas hla.

turbine

Lub turbine yog tau los tsim ib tug ceev txog li nees nkaum txhiab revolutions ib feeb, tab sis yuav tsis muaj hau ntswj nws haum, yog li ntawd no muaj ib tug yuav txo tau iav uas thiaj li ceev thiab tsub kom torque. Gearboxes yuav tau sib txawv, tab sis lawv lub ntsiab ua hauj lwm tsis hais txog ntawm lub hom - qeeb thiab ua rau kom lub sij hawm.

Qhov no yam ntxwv txwv rau kev siv ntawm turboprop tub rog aircraft. Txawm li cas los, txoj kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm ib tug supersonic lub cev muaj zog tsis nres, yam tsawg kawg rau tam sim no thiab tsis muaj kev vam meej. Yuav kom txhim kho traction tej zaum ob screws yog muab nrog ib tug turboprop. Hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov lag luam nyob rau tib lub sij hawm lawv tau pom tau hais los ntawm rotating nyob rau hauv opposite lus qhia, tab sis nrog ib tug hluas iav.

Raws li ib qho piv txwv, xav txog lub engine D-27 (Turbopropfan) muaj ob tug helical kiv cua txuas mus rau cov dawb turbine gearbox. Qhov no yog qhov qauv ntawm tus tsim siv nyob rau hauv lub civil aviation. Tab sis nws muaj kev vam meej daim ntawv thov yog ib tug zoo kawg leap los txhim kho txoj kev kawm ntawm cov qhia engine.

Zoo thiab tsis zoo

Peb single tawm lub pluses thiab minuses uas tau yus lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm lub turboprop. Qhov zoo yog:

• lub teeb yuag raws li muab piv nrog rau cov piston units;
• efficiency piv nrog turbojet xyaw (vim lub kiv cua efficiency nce mus txog yim caum-rau feem pua).

Txawm li cas los, txawm cov undeniable zoo, dav hlau xyaw, nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub muaj ntau preferable. Turboprop engine ceev txwv yog xya puas tsib caug kilometers moos. Txawm li cas los, rau niaj hnub aircraft heev ob peb. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub suab nrov generated yog heev siab heev, siab tshaj lub pub qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub International Civil Aviation Organization.

Yog li ntawd, zus tau tej cov turboprop xyaw nyob rau hauv Russia yog tsawg. Yeej, lawv yog ntsia tau rau hauv lub aircraft uas ya ntev ncua kev thiab thaum uas tsis muaj kev ceev. Ces hauv daim ntawv thov yog tsis txhaum.

Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv cov tub rog aviation, qhov twg lub ntsiab yam ntxwv yuav tsum tau ntawm cov aircraft muaj maneuverability thiab nyob ntsiag to ua lag luam, es efficiency, cov tshuab tsis tau raws li qhov tsim nyog uas yuav tsum tau thiab turbojet units yog siv no.

Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm peb tas li raug tsim los ua ib tug supersonic screws kom kov yeej lub "thaiv cov hlab cov nyhuv" thiab ncav cuag ib theem tshiab. Tej zaum, thaum lub invention yog los ua ib tug kev muaj tiag, los ntawm lub dav hlau xyaw tsis kam turboprops thiab cov tub rog aircraft. Tab sis, thaum lub caij lawv yuav tsuas yuav piav raws li "workhorses" yog tsis feem ntau haib, tab sis lub ruaj khov hauj lwm.