TU-144 - zuj rider supersonic aircraft

Tu-144 - tsis yog ib tug "thawj cov cim qhia" ntawm supersonic neeg nrog caij aircraft. Qhov no yog ib lub cim ntawm lub era ntawm lub Soviet lub teb chaws "Mob khaub thuas ua tsov ua rog" thiab nws cov kev superiority tshaj lub Western lub ntiaj teb no. Tu-144, yuav luag ob zaug cov kev ceev ntawm lub suab thiab ib tug ob peb xyoo lawm ua ntej ntawm lub sij hawm, cim pib ntawm ib tug tshiab era ntawm cov neeg nrog caij aircraft, uas, li cas los xij, tsis tuaj kom txog rau thaum tam sim no. Nws tsuas competitor nyob rau hauv daim teb no - English-Fabkis "Concorde" - raug kev txom nyem ntau heev tshaj dua resounding tsis ua hauj lwm.

Nyob rau hauv lub sixties tib neeg, tej zaum, nws yog tseem technologically thiab ncav yog tsis npaj rau xws li ib txoj kev kawm. Ces lub ntiaj teb no ntawm science yog yuav luag tsis muaj dab tsi twb paub txog hlau qaug zog. Tag nrho cov keeb kwm ntawm kev sib tw ntawm cov ob cov cav tov yog nrog los ntawm tas mus li kev puas tsuaj thiab failures on ob sab.

Thaum nws los ua paub txog ib leeg Anglo-Fabkis project los tsim kom tau ib tug fundamentally tshiab supersonic neeg nrog caij airliner, lub Soviet Union lub tshuaj tiv thaiv yog tam sim ntawd. Cov lus teb rau qhov project no yuav tsum tau Tu-144. "Concord" twb xam rau lub Cruising ceev nyob rau hauv ntau 2200-2300 km / h. Soviet analogue yuav tsum tau ntau tshaj qhov no daim duab, raws li zoo raws li ntau lwm tus neeg. Nikita Khrushchev, tsis muaj dab tsi xav concede lawv Western foes.

Cov kev loj hlob ntawm no ambitious project twb entrusted Tupolev. Tshiab aircraft twb muab tsub lub cim "TU-144", thiab nws siv koom tes nrog cov Voronezh aircraft Hoobkas. Cov me nyuam yug ntawm ib tug me nyuam tshiab ntawm lub Soviet aircraft lag luam ua ntej "Concorde" thiab cov kev superiority ntawm lub Soviet airliner tshaj lub Anglo-Fabkis tshuab tau ntshai tsis tau tsuas yog raws li lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kev nom kev tswv hauj lwm. Nyiaj rau kev tsim kho ntawm lub Tu-144, raws li nws tau ua nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union, yog tsis spared.

Tag nrho cov kev siv ntawm cov supersonic hlau noog embodiment muaj lub teeb thiab advanced hauj tswv yim: yuav tsum yog nyob rau hauv lub workpiece cia CNC thiab tso zis tau txais nws kim heev fragment fuselage los yog tis dav hlau. Automation yog yeej tsis cia cia, tab sis xws li ib mus kom ze rau ib co yog vim li cas tsis nco qab hais tias rau semi-tiav lawm cov khoom xws li ib tug lossis loj loj thiab ingots xav tau uas tsim nyog teev. Lawv yog cov es nyuaj rau tuaj pwm, ua nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm lub zos inhomogeneities inclusions los yog tsis xws luag, attenuating hlau.

Tej zaum qhov no yog tsis ua li cas, yog hais tias tsis lo lus uas peb siv lub tshuab. Tom qab tag nrho, lub Tu-144 yuav tsum tau kov yeej lub suab teeb meem, thiab yog li mas cov enormous overload. Piv txwv li, nws hauj rival "Concord" tom qab tsis ntev heev ua hauj lwm lub sij hawm txoj kev nyob rau hauv lub davhlau pib mus poob tawm lub tis. Thiab yog vim li cas nws twb tsis tau mus nrhiav tau tawm rau ib ntev lub sij hawm. Nws muaj ib tug ntau yam ntawm zoo kev ntsuam xyuas. Nrog nyob rau hauv lub sib sib zog nqus dej nyob rau hauv ib tug heev kub siab. Nyob rau hauv lub kawg, nws txawm cia li muab rho tawm ntawm ntau lawm.

Kwv yees li tib txoj hmoo befell cov TU-144. Tom qab ua qauv ua los ntawm ib tug tag nrho-hlau phaj ntawm loj thickness rau hauv tej chaw tseem nyias (txog li ob millimeters) jumper. Lawv muaj ib yam dab tsi nyob rau hauv vim cov hoob kawm thiab pob tawg lawm tsis phem tshaj tas mus li lossis loj overload.

Tseem, qhov Tu-144 nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm lub lag luam nyob deb tshaj "Concord", Txawm hais tias tseem muaj lub cim xeeb ntawm no lub tshuab sib tsoo. Tej zaum cov feem ntau nto moo ntawm lawv - ib tug teeb meem uas tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov huab cua nyob rau hauv qhia tau tias Le Bourget nyob rau hauv 1973. Lub invaluable kev tau nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm no lub tshuab muaj tau ntse siv nyob rau hauv lub tsim thiab kev siv ntawm hnyav supersonic airliner Tu-22M thiab Tu-160.

Thiab ua Tu-144 mus rau nruab nrab ntawm lub nineties tau lawm siv tau ntse nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam ntawm kev tshawb fawb :. Txoj kev tshawb no ntawm ozone plhaub ntawm cov ntiaj chaw, hnub ci eclipses, thiab lwm yam Nyob rau hauv cov kev hloov kho ntawm no tshuab - Tu-144 - teem kaum peb lub ntiaj teb no cov ntaub ntawv uas tseem tsis tau nrua ntaus.