Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm lub kiv puag ncig nyob rau hauv Moscow

Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm 2017 qhab nia lub 100th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm lub Great Lub kaum hli ntuj Socialist kiv puag ncig nyob rau hauv uas lub Bolsheviks overthrew kawg Lavxias teb sab autocrat, Nicholas II. Hloov cov chav kawm ntawm txoj kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv Russia thiab ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Muaj ib tug kiag li tshiab system, uas tsis muaj txoj kev capitalist cov me nyuam yaus. Nyob rau hauv Moscow muaj yog ib tug kev cai tsev kawm ntawv, lub npe thiab lub ntsiab lus ntawm uas rov tus tuav mus rau lub tumultuous lub sij hawm. Nws yog ib lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm lub kiv puag ncig rau Tverskaya, 21. Vim 1998 - State Central tsev cia puav pheej ntawm Kawm Keeb kwm ntawm Russia (hereinafter, rau brevity, lub tsev cia puav pheej ntawm lub kiv puag ncig).

Armored thiab gnats

Nyob rau hauv Lub kaum hli ntuj zaj paj huam "Good" Vladimir Mayakovsky sau tias: "Qhov ntawd lub sij hawm no! Tau tawm! Tus upshot koj lub sij hawm "neeg sab nraud xav hais tias," Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm lub kaum hli ntuj Revolution, yog nyob rau hauv ib tug qub tsev loj, hais heev dua lwm yam hais txog lub storming ntawm lub caij ntuj no Palace, pov mus los "Aurora", Lenin tus armored tsheb. " Qhov no yog tsis heev muaj tseeb. Nws muaj feem xyuam rau qhov wealth ntawm ntau haiv neeg teev, qhia txog cov nyiaj txiag, kev sib raug zoo thiab kev nom kev tswv kev loj hlob ntawm Russia nyob rau hauv lub lig XIX - thaum ntxov XX centuries, ua ntej ntawm niaj hnub Russia, lub laaj ntawm tiam .. Cov neeg tuaj saib kos friendliness thiab professionalism ntawm cov. Ntawm cov tsis yuav gloss tshaj lub tswv yim ntawm socialism. Cia li qhia rau peb yuav ua li cas nws tag nrho cov tshwm sim.

Riam phom, ris tsho, printing presses, lub sab hauv ntawm lub tsev noj mov, uas, tshwm sim, zahazhivali pog thiab yawg, cw cov khoom ua si dev uas ya mus rau hauv qhov chaw - peb caug halls unrealistic exciting lus rau hauv lub dhau los lawm. Muaj yog ib lub tswv yim: sunk rau hauv oblivion thaum lub sij hawm lub teb chaws txoj kev niaj hnub keeb kwm zoo haib, xab, tab sis tsis paub. Cov me nyuam nyiam saib filmstrips, thiab cov niam txiv - nostalgia. Nrov cafe-tsev cia puav pheej nrog rau cov khoom, uas yog tam sim no hais tias "tej yam ntuj tso, tsis zoo li hais tias ...", khoom qab zib ua nrog ib tug tshuaj ntawm plaub caug xyoo dhau los.

notable vaj tse

Feem ntau cov neeg tuaj saib rau tawm mus nrog cov tswv yim pom zoo kom cov phooj ywg mus xyuas lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm lub kiv puag ncig. Nyob rau hauv Moscow, nyob rau Tverskaya Street, lawv zoo: tuav, tsis muaj hassles thiab hais lus phem. Los ntawm txoj kev, muaj ib tug nrog, uas qhia txog txoj hmoo ntawm lub tsev nws tus kheej. Nws ua tau nyob rau hauv lub XVIII caug xyoo. Nws fwm zoo heev los ntawm sab hauv thiab sab nraum. Ua ntej pom txawv cov tswv thiab cov neeg tuaj xyuas. Tswv ntawm cov laus homestead yog ib tug kws sau paj lug, playwright Mikhail KHERASKOV (fwm thiab ua ntej lawm ntaub ntawv), uas muag rau tus Suav, Major General Lvu Razumovskomu.

Lub ntsiab qauv (lub ntsiab lub tsev) ua tau los ntawm Catherine lub Great (1777-1780 gg.). Tom qab ntawd lub npe hu ntawm cov architects ntawm lub sij hawm Adas Menelaws ntxiv ntxiv tis. Nws tshuav Villa nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm tus paub tab classicism. Lub ntxeem tau ntawm Napoleon tus pab tub rog tsis spare kev zoo nkauj. Restructuring commissioned kes duab lub vajtse Domenico Gilardi. Los ntawm txoj kev, muaj ib tsev cia puav pheej. Thaum kiv puag ncig Square (Moscow) , nws yuav qhib qhov rooj rau tag nrho cov uas xav mus kawm txog tus tsov rog ntawm 1812. Tiam sis rov qab mus rau lub npe. Thaum Razumovsky tuag, poj ntsuam pub lub architectural cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm nws tus tij laug Nikolayu Vyazemskomu. Nicholas G. ceded siv Moscow English Club (1831). Mus txog rau 1917 muaj twb nqa tawm secular tog cov txiv neej ntawm noble keeb kwm. Nyob rau ntawm ib lub sij hawm, cia li-zus coj mus muag tsev kaw zoo nkauj facade (yuav tsum tau wander nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov kev nkag).

Tus tshiab palace lub neej

Keeb kwm Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm lub kiv puag ncig pib sai sai tom qab tus txheej xwm ntawm lub kaum hli ntuj fiery. Nws tau txiav txim siab mus rau daim ntawv cov me nyuam yaus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv rau lub Lavxias teb sab liberation zog, kev tshawb ntawm cov sau ntaub ntawv. Lub residual daim ntawv (chaw me me) qws ua nyob rau hauv thaum pib ntawm 1918. Tab sis lub yav dhau los tau muab txoj kev mus rau lub neej yav tom ntej. Tshiab ncees, kev txiav txim siab twb txaus. Tus heev thawj thiaj li, uas yog tso tawm rau Monuments Commission of art thiab Antiquities ntawm cov neeg Commissariat hais txog cov kev txuag ntawm lub architectural tsos ntawm cov qub txeeg qub tes, tau muab rau cov kev cai lub tsev kawm ntawv. Khw muag khoom outlets, ib zaug zus ntxeev siab pem hauv ntej ntawm lub palace twb demolished. Facade dua flashed greatness.

Ib tug txawv "rang" thiab Hall ntawm lus Askiv qws: yog tam sim no ib tug tsev cia puav pheej ntawm cov qub Moscow. Tus thawj exhibition nyob rau hauv qhov chaw lub npe ntawm lub kiv puag ncig qhib nyob rau hauv Kaum ib hlis 1922 thiab twb hu ua "Liab Moscow". Chronicler ntawm lub capital Vladimir Giljarovsky hais tias lub foundations coj qhov chaw nyob rau rau teev. Zes hluav taws xob. Nyob rau hauv lub halls, sawv tsis muaj cua sov, yog hais tias tus rhaub xyoo. Qhua mus rau tus qauv tshiab yog heev uas zoo sib xws rau cov thawj inhabitants: tub rog cov khaub ncaws, tawv tsho loj, tsho tiv no, lawv khiav ceev tsawv ncig lub tsis ntev los no "nceeg vaj ntawm idleness."

Txwv tsis pub peb tsis muaj ib txoj kev mus nres lub commune

Cov neeg tau hais khov kho admiring liab chij thiab ib tug formidable riam phom uprising, dai rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm ancient marble. Laus portrait adorned kos duab dluab thiab cov duab "Kaum Hnub ntawd shook lub ntiaj teb" cim (raws li tau piav cov kev tshwm sim, American neeg sau xov xwm Dzhon tshem). Ntawm cov qhua cov poj niam (uas yuav tsis tau thaum lub sij hawm nyob ntawm cov lus Askiv Club).

Tag nrho cov tau zoo siab hais tias muaj ib tug tshiab tsev cia puav pheej. Kiv puag ncig nyob rau hauv lub tso rau neeg pom Showcases thiab thematic fab thiaj li muaj ntau yam: cov tub rog, cov neeg tsav nkoj, cov me nyuam yug ntawm ib tug tshiab lub ntiaj teb no! Muaj ntau paub txhua lwm yam nyob rau lub sib ntaus sib tua duab. Tuaj txoos ua ke cia rau lwm los ua lub hauv paus ntawm lub exposition Keeb kwm thiab Revolutionary Tsev khaws puav pheej nyob rau hauv Moscow. Nyob rau hauv 1924, lub tsev los ua lub xeev Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm lub kiv puag ncig. Tus thawj lub taub hau Sergey Mitskevich - paub cwm pwm. Lavxias teb sab revolutionary, ib tug tswv ntawm journalistic ib hom ntawv nyeem, historian, xib fwb nyob Moscow University. Organizer ntawm lub Moscow Cov neeg ua haujlwm 'Union.

Lub ntxiv mus rau hauv socialism

Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm lub kiv puag ncig nyob rau hauv Moscow, dav them lub ntsiab lus ntawm loj tawm tsam ntawm lub peasants tiv thaiv cov nom tswv cajceg thiab lub tsaws lub xeev (notably: lawv cov thawj coj Stepan Razin thiab Emelyan Pugachev yug nyob rau hauv lub zos Zimoveyskoy-on-Don nrog ib tug sib txawv nyob rau hauv ib puas xyoo). Yuav nthuav tus kheej kev paub ntawm cov Decembrist zog, neeg 's yuav, kom to taub lub "wilds" ntawm cov txheej xwm Lavxias teb sab kiv puag ncig, lub Civil War. Lawv yog cov hiob exhibition, uas yog nyob tsev cia puav pheej ntawm lub kiv puag ncig.

Moscow to taub hais tias qhov kev siv ntawm socialism maj accumulating kev yuav npaj thiab nquag txhawb. Txij li thaum 1927, lub thematic uas broadened. Kaum ntawm xyoo sib law liag lub tsim lub ntiaj teb (thiab tom qab tsim) socialism attracts tsis tau tsuas yog cov pej xeem ntawm lub Soviet Union, tab sis kuj txawv teb chaws qhua.

khoom plig Repin

Cais tsoom fwv cov nuj nqis, loj delegations los ntawm capitalist, socialist, tsim lub teb chaws, sau ntawv, painters, sculptors, ua yeeb yam nuj nqis, "lub proletarians ntawm tag nrho cov teb chaws" xam tau tias yog nws lawv tej hauj lwm mus xyuas lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm lub kiv puag ncig. Ib txhia qhua tsis tuaj npliag-handed. Yog li ntawd exposition Iwj impregnated nros cov duab "on Lub ib hlis ntuj 9," "Liab pam tuag" thiab lwm tus neeg. Lawv hais tus naas ej neeg pleev kob Ilya Repin.

Hlub pej xeem ntawm lub Soviet Union thiab tus phooj ywg lub teb chaws nqa khoom plig rau tus thawj coj ntawm lub xeev Iosifu Stalinu. Muaj ntau ntawm lawv muaj ntau tawg ideology: lub xov tooj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub ntiaj teb, handset-rauj, moos, dai kom zoo nkauj nrog me me kub T-34 tank. Lub exhibition pib ua los ntawm lub 39th txog lub 55th xyoo ntawm XX caug xyoo. Qhov txawv ntau yam yog nrov ntawm cov viewers thiab nyob rau hauv peb hnub. Nyob rau hauv 1941 lub tsev khaws puav pheej twb tau tau nyob rau hauv undisputed thawj coj ntawm cov uas zoo sib xws hauv tsev. Nyiaj totaled ib lab cov khoom. Qhib ceg.

qhia kev khiav hauj lwm lub sij hawm

Cov poj Patriotic ua tsov ua rog (1941-1945) ua ib tug ntse kev kho me ntsis nyob rau hauv lub scientific thiab kev kawm ua ub no, uas twb ua los ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej. Kiv puag ncig tsis tshwm sim, cia li tus tsov ntxhuav feem ntawm cov nyiaj mus sib sib zog nqus nyob rau hauv lub rear. Cov nab npawb ntawm cov neeg ua hauj lwm tau poob los ntawm yuav luag peb lub sij hawm. Tab sis lub chaw ua hauj lwm tsis tau nres. Nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj 41st cov qhua twb muaj ib tug exhibition qhia zaj dab neeg ntawm lub Soviet cov neeg tawm tsam Nazi invaders. Thiab lub taub hau chaw, thiab lub ceg tau ntsib thiab nrog nws cov lus tourists thaum lub sij hawm tsov rog xyoo.

Tus yeeb ncuab khiav mus rau Moscow. Tsev khaws puav pheej neeg ua hauj lwm tawm tsam nws muaj txoj kev: qhia txog lub heroism ntawm Soviet cov tub rog. Attendance statistics nyeem raws li nram no: tus xov tooj ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib nyob rau hauv 1942 - 423, 5 txhiab tus neeg ..

Nws ua nyob rau hauv lub qhib cua raug (phom, mortars thiab lwm yam khoom ntawm lub Red Army thiab cov yeeb ncuab trophies). Los ntawm lub cev atherosclerosis ntawm kev ua hauj lwm rov qab nyob rau hauv 1944. Muaj ib tug ib nrab hloov dua siab tshiab ntawm: cov ntaub ntawv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhia revolutionary liberation tsab ntawv tsa suab tau dispersed. Ib txhia "tshuav" nyob rau hauv GAU (Main archival tswj), lwm leej lwm tus - nyob rau hauv lub State keeb kwm tsev cia puav pheej, ncha lub npe hu ua lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm lub kiv puag ncig rau cov liab Square, thiab lwm leej lwm tus - Yawm Saub txais los ntawm lub tsev qiv ntawv ntawm Txawv Teb Chaws Literature. Lub sender nws tus kheej teem rau txoj kev tshawb no ntawm lub ideological tam sim no, lub npe hu ua lub Lavxias teb sab Social-ywj pheej. Tseem yuav tsum tau to taub txog cov intricacies ntawm kev loj hlob xam qhovkev nyob rau hauv ib tug cia li haiv neeg, txoj kev ywj pheej thiab koob pheej ntawm lawv.

Mus rau lub hom phiaj

Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias ib zaug nco feem tsim nyog lub npe yog nyob rau hauv disfavour: Yauxej flourished exaggeration qhov tseem ceeb Jughashvili pab (Stalin) mus cuag lub teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv 1959, tom qab tus naas ej XX Congress ntawm lub Communist tog ntawm lub Soviet Union, Crowned neeg debunked. Excursion ntawv tau ua bolder, ntau lub hom phiaj. Leej twg mus xyuas lub tsev lag luam nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1960, nco: eksponatury tshaaj ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb, uas qhia txog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm pej xeem noj qab haus huv thiab kev kawm ntawv. Cov neeg tuaj saib kawm, ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub lag luam los mus tiv thaiv cov ib puag ncig, yog dab tsi yog tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub lag luam, "kab lis kev cai", yuav ua li cas muaj ntau zaus muaj ntau zog lub welfare ntawm Soviet cov pej xeem.

Nyob rau hauv 1968 muaj lwm renaming: tus kos npe rau los tshwm inscription "Central tsev cia puav pheej ntawm kiv puag ncig ntawm lub USSR." Cov nram qab no xyoo, nws twb tso cai rau txoj kev mus nqa tawm kev tshawb fawb. Lub siab raws li txoj cai ntawm lub tsev lag luam ntawm lub kev tshawb fawb lub koom haum saib xyuas cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm centuries tau muab rau cov thawj lub sij hawm. Khoom theem ntawm kev ua si kwv yees li lub xeev-theem awards. Museology (1984) laboratory twb qhib, pib kawm cov keeb kwm ntawm lub tsev khaws nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union.

Yog muaj lub neej sab nraum lub ideology?

Social thiab nom tswv kev ntawm lub mid-1980s lub teb chaws raug ncua los ntawm "ib tug succession ntawm tiam." Ib tug tshiab txhais ntawm yav dhau los, ib tug ncaim lub npaj txoj kev rau communism thiab lwm yam niaj hnub tiam sis tau raug thawb rau tso tseg thiab ideological thiab propaganda. Tshwj xeeb cia tau qhib rau pej xeem saib.

Nyob rau hauv 1998, lub tsev cia puav pheej ntawm lub kiv puag ncig radically rebuilt raug. GTSMSIR tau ua ib tug loj scientific thiab methodological center, hosting thematic cov rooj sib tham ntawm delegates, kev scientific thiab cov tswv yim kawm ntawv. Qhov kev nthuav ntawm cov kev tuaj ntawm no tsev cia puav pheej cov tub txawg los ntawm thoob plaws lub teb chaws. Tag nrho cov txaus tib neeg thiab cov kev cai lij choj cov chaw yuav tau txais cov lus qhia, cov nqe vaj lug kub ntawm kev kawm.